United_States_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics

United States at the 1988 Summer Olympics

United States at the 1988 Summer Olympics

Sporting event delegation


The United States of America (USA) competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. 527 competitors, 332 men and 195 women, took part in 230 events in 27 sports.[1] The United States finished outside of the top two in the overall medal count (third behind the Soviet Union and East Germany) for the first time and in the gold medal count for only the second time. That was mainly caused by the extensive state-sponsored doping programs that were developed in these communist countries to fulfil their political agenda on an international stage.[2][3][4]

Quick Facts United States at the 1988 Summer Olympics, IOC code ...

Medalists

The following U.S. competitors won medals at the games. In the by discipline sections below, medalists' names are bolded.

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* - Indicates that the athlete competed in preliminaries but not the final.

Archery

The United States continued to be a strong contender in archery, though it found that South Korea had taken the top spot in the sport. Jay Barrs was the only non-Korean to win a gold medal for archery in Seoul. Two-time gold medallist Darrell Pace and 1984 silver medallist Richard McKinney joined Barrs in winning the team silver, while the women's team added a bronze medal despite not having any of the individual archers advance to the final. With her women's team bronze, 15-year-old Denise Parker become the youngest medalist in the history of Olympic archery.

Men
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Women
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Athletics

The men's 100 meter sprint was marred by the usage of performance-enhancing drugs when the initial winner, Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson, tested positive for banned substances after the race and was stripped of the gold medal and his world record time of 9.79 seconds, thus allowing Carl Lewis to repeat as gold medal winner. In 1989, Johnson admitted to further PED usage between 1981 and 1988 and his world record of 9.83 seconds from the 1987 World Championships was rescinded as well, allowing Lewis's 9.92 seconds in the Olympic final became the new world record. This put the United States in position to sweep the gold medals in the men's sprint distances, including a sweep of all medals at the 400 meter distance. The United States men also won medals while setting Olympic records at both hurdle distances. In the men's relays, a fumbled baton exchange in the heat of the 4 × 100 caused a heartbreaking disqualification for the favored American team. In the 4 × 400, however, the United States cruised to victory while equaling the 20-year-old world record which had been set in Mexico City. In men's field events, the highlight came from Carl Lewis defending his gold medal from Los Angeles and leading the United States to a medal sweep in the long jump. In the women's events, Florence Griffth-Joyner had dominating performances in the 100 and 200 meter sprints, lowering the Olympic record by over 0.2 seconds in the 100 and lowering the world record by almost 0.4 seconds in the 200. She also helped the United States to strong performances in the relays, winning gold in the 4 × 100 and coming in second, while beating the previous world record, to a record-shattering performance by the Soviet team in the 4 × 400. Meanwhile, in the heptathlon, Jackie Joyner-Kersee dominated the competition while setting a world record that has not been approached in the succeeding 30 years. Joyner-Kersee's long jump performance in the heptathlon was enough to set the Olympic record for the discipline, only for her to eclipse it in the final of the long jump event. The high jump event also saw Louise Ritter eclipse the Olympic record on the way to a gold medal. Finally, the only United States medal in the middle-distance events came from Kim Gallagher, who captured bronze in the 800 meters.

Key
  • Note–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
  • Q = Qualified for the next round
  • q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
Men
Track and road events
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* - Indicates the athlete ran in a preliminary round but not the final.

Field events
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Combined event – Decathlon
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Women
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* - Indicates the athlete ran in a preliminary round but not the final.
** - Griffith-Joyner's final time was faster than the Olympic record she had set in the quarterfinal but the wind reading during the race was 3 meters/second in favor of the sprinters, thus disallowing the race for any IAAF records.

Field events
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Combined event – Heptathlon
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Basketball

Summary
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Men's tournament

This was the last time that the United States was represented by college players in Olympic competition. Other countries, meanwhile, used their best professionals.

Roster

The following is the United States roster in the men's basketball tournament of the 1988 Summer Olympics.[5]

More information Players, Coaches ...
Group play
More information Pos, Pld ...
Source: FIBA archive
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) head-to-head points; 3) head-to-head goal average; 4) head-to-head number of points scored.
18 September 1988
Spain  5397  United States
Scoring by half: 32–48, 21–49

20 September 1988
Canada  7076  United States
Scoring by half: 42–40, 28–36

21 September 1988
Brazil  87102  United States
Scoring by half: 55–63, 32–39

23 September 1988
China  57108  United States
Scoring by half: 26–59, 31–49

24 September 1988
Egypt  35102  United States
Scoring by half: 21–62, 14–40
Quarterfinal
26 September 1988
11:45
United States  9457  Puerto Rico
Scoring by half: 48–28, 46–29
Pts: Manning 18
Rebs: Manning 7
Asts: C.D. Smith 3
Pts: Cruz 12
Rebs: Mincy 8
Asts: Cruz 4
Semifinal
28 September 1988 (1988-09-28)
12:00
United States  7682  Soviet Union
Scoring by half: 37–47, 39–35
Pts: Robinson 19
Rebs: Robinson 12
Asts: Coles 2
Pts: Kurtinaitis 28
Rebs: Sabonis 13
Asts: Volkov 5
Bronze medal game
29 September 1988 (1988-09-29)
21:30
Australia  4978  United States
Scoring by half: 29–52, 20–26
Pts: Gaze 17
Rebs: Sengstock 6
Asts: Smyth 2
Pts: Majerle, Richmond, Robinson 12
Rebs: Richmond, Robinson 7
Asts: Richmond 2

Women's tournament

Team roster

The following is the United States roster in the women's basketball tournament of the 1988 Summer Olympics.[6]

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Group play
More information Pos, Pld ...
Source: FIBA
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) head-to-head points; 3) head-to-head goal average; 4) head-to-head number of points scored.
19 September 1988 (1988-09-19)
9:45
Czechoslovakia  8187  United States
Scoring by half: 39–37, 42–50
Pts: Nováková 21
Rebs: Nováková 8
Asts: Kalužáková, Nováková 2
Pts: Edwards 24
Rebs: McClain 8
Asts: Edwards 2

22 September 1988
9:45
United States  10174  Yugoslavia
Scoring by half: 55–40, 46–34
Pts: Edwards 23
Rebs: McClain 9
Asts: Weatherspoon 2
Pts: Golić 16
Rebs: Dornik 4
Asts: Bajkuša, Vangelovska 2

25 September 1988 (1988-09-25)
11:45
China  7994  United States
Scoring by half: 37–46, 42–48
Pts: Zheng 32
Rebs: Zheng 8
Asts: Cong 5
Pts: McClain 27
Rebs: McClain 13
Asts: Edwards 5
Semifinal
27 September 1988 (1988-09-27)
11:45
United States  10288  Soviet Union
Scoring by half: 50–39, 52–49
Pts: Cooper 27
Rebs: McClain 15
Asts: Edwards 6
Pts: Zasulskaya 16
Rebs: Tuomaitė 6
Asts: Yakovleva 2
Gold medal game
29 September 1988 (1988-09-29)
12:00
Yugoslavia  7077  United States
Scoring by half: 36–42, 34–35
Pts: Nakić 23
Rebs: Golić 10
Asts: Nakić 3
Pts: Edwards 18
Rebs: Brown 8
Asts: Edwards, McConnell 3

Boxing

There were several controversies involving the American boxers at the games. Young and talented Roy Jones Jr. dominated his opponents, never losing a round en route to the final, where he controversially lost a 3–2 decision to South Korean fighter Park Si-Hun despite pummeling Park for three rounds and landing 86 punches to Park's 32.[7][8][9] The decision sparked outrage and an International Olympic Committee investigation found that the three judges who voted for Park Si-Hun had been bribed by South Korean officials.[10] With some elements of corruption in Olympic boxing coming to light, refereeing standards were changed after the games to avoid future controversies. Corruption was also suspected in Michael Carbajal's decision loss in his gold medal match.[11] In another controversial gold medal match, Riddick Bowe lost to future world heavyweight champion Lennox Lewis. After Lewis landed several hard punches the referee gave Bowe two standing eight counts and waved the fight off after the second one, even though Bowe seemed able to continue.[12] In yet another controversy, Michael Carbajal lost the gold medal bout in the light flyweight, with suspicions of politics influencing the judges decision being quite widespread.[13] Members of the U.S. Army Boxing Team (Anthony Hembrick, Andrew Maynard, Kennedy McKinney, Ray Mercer) trained for the Olympics at Fort Huachuca, Arizona.[14]

Furthermore, middleweight Anthony Hembrick never had the opportunity to fight. Hembrick and his coach, Ken Adams, misinterpreted the fight schedule. Afterwards, they blamed the schedule for being too confusing. By the time Hembrick arrived at Chamshil Students' Gymnasium twelve minutes late, he had been disqualified and the match was being awarded to South Korean Ha Jong-ho.[15]

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Canoeing

Men
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Women
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Key: QF – Qualified to medal final; SF – Qualified to semifinal; R – Qualified to repechage; * - Heat not held due to lack of competitors. All competitors scheduled for this heat advanced to the next round.

Cycling

Nineteen cyclists represented the United States in 1988. Connie Paraskevin-Young won bronze in the women's sprint.

Road

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Track

Points race
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Pursuit
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Sprint
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Time trial
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Diving

Men
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Women
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Equestrian

Dressage
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Eventing
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Jumping
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Fencing

19 fencers represented the United States in 1988.

Men
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Women
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Field hockey

Summary
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Women's tournament

The US women's field hockey team competed for the second time at the Summer Olympics.

Roster

Head coach: Boudewijn Castelijn

Preliminary round
Group A
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Source: FIH
More information Netherlands, 3–1 ...

More information Argentina, 2–1 ...

More information 2–2, Great Britain ...
5th-8th place classification
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8th place game
More information 1–3 (a.e.t.), Argentina ...

Football

Summary
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Roster

Head coach: Lothar Osiander

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Preliminary round
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Source: FIFA
More information 1–1, Argentina ...

More information South Korea, 0–0 ...

More information 2–4, Soviet Union ...

Gymnastics

Artistic

Men
Team
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Individual finals
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Women
Team
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Individual finals
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Rhythmic

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Handball

Summary
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Judo

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Modern pentathlon

Three pentathletes represented the United States in 1988.

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Rowing

Men
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Women
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* - Race not run, times from heats were used to rank boats.
Qualification legend: FA = Final A (medal); FB = Final B (non-medal); SF = Semifinal; R = Repechage

Sailing

Men
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Women
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Open
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Shooting

Men
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Women
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Open shotgun
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Swimming

Men
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Women
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* - Athlete swam in the heat but not the final.
Note: Times in the first round ranked across all heats.
Qualification legend: FA – Advance to medal final; FB – Advance to non-medal final

Synchronized swimming

Three female synchronized swimmers represented the United States in 1988.

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Table tennis

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Tennis

Men
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Women
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Volleyball

Summary
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Men's tournament

  • Preliminary round (group B)
  • United states – Japan 3-0 (15-13, 15-2, 15-2)
  • United states – The Netherlands 3-1 (15-7, 12-15, 15-1, 15-11)
  • United states – Argentina 3-2 (11-15, 11-15, 15-4, 17-15, 15-7)
  • United states – France 3-0 (17-15, 15-6, 15-13)
  • United states – Tunisia 3-0 (15-4, 15-6, 15-4)
  • Semi Finals
  • United states – Brazil 3-0 (15-3, 15-5, 15-11)
  • Final
  • United states – Soviet Union 3-1 (13-15, 15-10, 15-4, 15-8)
  • Team roster

Women's tournament

  • Preliminary round (group B)
  • Lost to PR China (0-3)
  • Defeated Brazil (3-2)
  • Lost to Peru (2-3)
  • Classification Matches
  • 5th/8th place: Lost to East Germany (1-3)
  • 7th/8th place: Defeated South Korea (3-2)
  • Team roster

Water polo

Summary
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Roster
Preliminary round

More information Pld, W ...
Source: [citation needed]
September 21, 1988 United States  76  Yugoslavia Jamsil Indoor Swimming Pool

September 22, 1988 United States  79  Spain Jamsil Indoor Swimming Pool

September 23, 1988 United States  147  China Jamsil Indoor Swimming Pool

September 26, 1988 United States  189  Greece Jamsil Indoor Swimming Pool

September 27, 1988 Hungary  910  United States Jamsil Indoor Swimming Pool
Semifinal
September 30, 1988 Soviet Union  78  United States Jamsil Indoor Swimming Pool
Gold medal game
October 1, 1988 Yugoslavia  97  United States Jamsil Indoor Swimming Pool

Weightlifting

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Wrestling

Key:

  • TO – Victory by fall.
  • PP – Decision by points – the loser with technical points.
  • PO – Decision by points – the loser without technical points.
  • ST – Technical superiority – a margin of victory of at least 15 points.
  • SP - Technical superiority - a margin of victory between 12 and 14 points, the loser with technical points.
  • SO - Technical superiority - a margin of victory between 12 and 14 points, the loser without technical points.
  • DQ - Decision by forfeit
  • PA - Decision by injury
  • PZ - Loser disqualified for passivity, no technical points scored by either wrestler.
  • P1 - Loser disqualified for passivity, winner leading by 11 points or less.
  • Q – Qualify to gold medal bout
  • q – Qualify to bronze medal bout
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See also


References

  1. "United States at the 1988 Summer Games". sports-reference.com. Archived from the original on 2020-04-17. Retrieved 2011-07-30.
  2. Aleksandrov, Alexei; Aleksandrov, Grebeniuk; Runets, Volodymyr (July 22, 2020). "The 1980 Olympics Are The 'Cleanest' In History. Athletes Recall How Moscow Cheated The System". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  3. Ruiz, Rebecca R. (13 August 2016). "The Soviet Doping Plan: Document Reveals Illicit Approach to '84 Olympics". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
  4. Mamet, David (1988-10-07). "In Losing, a Boxer Won". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-04-10.
  5. "Sports of The Times – Nice Gesture Substitutes For Justice – NYTimes.com". Query.nytimes.com. 26 September 1997. Retrieved 2015-04-16.
  6. "10: Notable Olympic boxing controversies - Page 11 of 11". The Ring. 2012-08-06. Retrieved 2020-02-08.
  7. Alfano, Peter (September 20, 1988). "THE SEOUL OLYMPICS: Boxing; Tardy Hembrick Is Banned". The New York Times.

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