United_States_presidential_elections_in_Arkansas

United States presidential elections in Arkansas

United States presidential elections in Arkansas

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Arkansas is a state in the South Central region of the United States.[1] Since its admission to the Union in June 1836, it has participated in 46 United States presidential elections. In the realigning 1860 election, Arkansas was one of the ten slave states that did not provide ballot access to the Republican nominee, Abraham Lincoln.[2] Subsequently, John C. Breckinridge won the state by a comfortable margin, becoming the first third party candidate to win Arkansas.[3] Soon after this election, Arkansas seceded from the Union and joined the Confederacy.[4] Following the secession, Arkansas did not participate in the 1864 presidential election.[5] After the Civil War, Arkansas was readmitted to the Union in 1868.[6] In the 1872 election, all six of Arkansas's electoral votes were invalidated due to various irregularities including allegations of electoral fraud.[7]

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Until 1964, Arkansas was considered a stronghold state for the Democratic Party, which usually carried the state by huge margins; however, recent political realignment has led to the dominance of the Republican Party.[8] In the 1968 presidential election, American Independent Party candidate George Wallace became the second third-party presidential candidate to win Arkansas.[9] Arkansas was the only state in the 1992 presidential election to be won by a majority of the popular vote;[10] Bill Clinton, its governor at the time, won Arkansas with 53.21 percent of the vote.[11] Since Clinton won re-election in 1996, however, the state has voted consistently for the Republican Party.[12]

Presidential elections

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1836 to 1856

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1860 and 1864

The election of 1860 was a complex realigning election in which the breakdown of the previous two-party alignment culminated in four parties each competing for influence in different parts of the country.[30] The result of the election, with the victory of an ardent opponent of slavery, spurred the secession of eleven states and brought about the American Civil War.[31]

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1868 to present

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Graph

See also

Notes

  1. Not on ballot
  2. For purposes of these lists, other candidates are defined as those who were in third place in Arkansas.
  3. Due to its strong desire to defeat incumbent president Ulysses S. Grant, the 1872 Democratic National Convention also nominated the Liberal Republican Party's Greeley/Brown ticket.[39]
  4. Election was held in Arkansas; however, due to various irregularities including allegations of electoral fraud, all 6 electoral votes from Arkansas were invalidated.[40]
  5. Arkansas was the home state of Bill Clinton

References

  1. "The South". Encyclopedia Britannica. June 30, 2021. Archived from the original on July 11, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  2. Burlingame, Michael (4 October 2016). "Abraham Lincoln: Campaign and Elections". Miller Center. Archived from the original on November 21, 2016. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  3. "The Secession of Arkansas". The New York Times. June 8, 1861. Archived from the original on September 24, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  4. "Reuniting the Union: A Chronology". Digital History. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021. Retrieved July 13, 2021.
  5. "A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 – 1875". Journal of the Senate of the United States of America. 68: 344–345. February 12, 1873. Archived from the original on June 14, 2020. Retrieved July 11, 2021 via Library of Congress.
  6. Schreckhise, William D.; Parry, Janine A.; Schields, Todd G. (2001). "Rising Republicanism in Arkansas Electorate? A Characterization of Arkansas' Political Attitudes and Participation Rates" (PDF). The Midsouth Political Science Review. 5. The Arkansas Political Science Association: 1–16. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
  7. Leip, David. "1968 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  8. Leip, David. "1836 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  9. Leip, David. "1840 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  10. Leip, David. "1844 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  11. Leip, David. "1848 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  12. Leip, David. "1852 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on September 14, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  13. Leip, David. "1856 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 27, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  14. Leip, David. "1860 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on July 23, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  15. "The Secession of Arkansas". The New York Times. June 8, 1861. Archived from the original on September 24, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  16. Leip, David. "1868 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  17. "A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 – 1875". Journal of the Senate of the United States of America. 68: 344–345. February 12, 1873. Archived from the original on June 14, 2020. Retrieved July 11, 2021 via Library of Congress.
  18. Leip, David. "1872 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on March 5, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  19. Leip, David. "1876 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on June 18, 2017. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  20. Leip, David. "1880 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  21. Leip, David. "1884 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on June 29, 2015. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  22. Leip, David. "1888 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on November 30, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  23. Leip, David. "1892 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on November 30, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  24. Leip, David. "1924 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on June 18, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  25. Leip, David. "1936 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on January 13, 2018. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  26. Leip, David. "1944 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on September 23, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  27. Leip, David. "1948 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on October 25, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  28. Leip, David. "1952 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  29. Leip, David. "1956 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  30. Leip, David. "1960 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on August 8, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  31. Leip, David. "1964 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  32. McCuen, W. J. "Bill" (1984). "Arkansas Election Result 1984" (PDF). Secretary of State of Arkansas. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  33. McCuen, W. J. "Bill" (1988). "Arkansas Election Result 1988" (PDF). Secretary of State of Arkansas. p. 28. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 21, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  34. Leip, David. "1988 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on April 29, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  35. "1996 Official Ballot Result" (PDF). Secretary of State of Arkansas. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 1, 2021. Retrieved August 1, 2021.
  36. "1996 Presidential Election Statistics". Dave Leip’s Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 2018-01-26. Retrieved 2018-03-05.
  37. "Certified Election results" (PDF). Secretary of State of Arkansas. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 1, 2021. Retrieved August 1, 2021.
  38. Leip, David. "2000 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  39. "Federal Elections 2004: Election Results for the U.S. President, the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives" (PDF). Federal Elections Commission. May 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-05-06. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  40. "Statewide Results by Contest". Secretary of State of Arkansas. December 2, 2008. Archived from the original on August 1, 2021. Retrieved August 1, 2021.
  41. "Official General Election Results for United States President" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 5, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  42. Leip, David. "2008 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on April 13, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  43. "2012 Presidential Electoral and Popular Vote" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 31, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  44. Leip, David. "2012 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on December 28, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  45. "2016 Presidential Election – Electoral and Popular Vote" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 2, 2019. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  46. Leip, David. "2016 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
  47. "Results". Secretary of State of Arkansas. February 23, 2021. Archived from the original on April 15, 2021. Retrieved August 1, 2021.
  48. "Official 2020 Presidential General Election Results" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. January 28, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
  49. "Presidential Election Results: Biden Wins". The New York Times. 3 November 2020. Archived from the original on December 13, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  50. Leip, David. "2020 Presidential General Election Results – Arkansas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2021.

Works cited


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