Indicators

URAP uses 6 main indicator to measure the academic performance. These indicators are number of articles, citation, total documents, article impact total, citation impact total, and international collaboration. The raw bibliometric data underlying URAP's 6 main indicators have highly skewed distribution. To address this issue, the median of the indicators have been used. The Delphi system was conducted with a group of experts to assign weighting scores to the indicators. Total score of 600 is distributed to indicators. URAP uses additional indicators for ranking universities in Turkey including the number of students and faculty members. The following table shows the indicators used for global rankings in URAP as of 2014.

Global ranking

More information Institution, 2021-22 ...

University Ranking by Academic Performance—Top 50^{[lower-alpha 1]}

Institution	2021-22[6]	2020-21[7]	2019–20[8]	2018–19[9]	2017–18[10]	2016–17[11]	2015–16[12]	2014–15[13]
Harvard University	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
University of Toronto	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
University College London	3	4	3	5	6	5	6	6
Stanford University	4	3	4	4	5	4	8	7
University of Oxford	5	5	5	3	3	3	3	3
Johns Hopkins University	6	6	6	6	8	6	4	4
University of Cambridge	7	7	7	7	9	8	5	5
University of Michigan	8	8	8	9	11	10	10	10
University of Washington	9	10	9	10	12	11	11	11
Tsinghua University	10	12	12	18	25	38	48	58
Shanghai Jiao Tong University	11	18	19	24	32	39	50	59
Imperial College London	12	13	13	11	16	15	15	15
University of Paris-Saclay	13	9	94[lower-alpha 2]	91[lower-alpha 2]	80[lower-alpha 2]	87[lower-alpha 2]	70[lower-alpha 2]	69[lower-alpha 2]
University of Pennsylvania	14	15	14	15	14	13	13	13
Zhejiang University	15	20	20	31	33	34	42	46
University of California, Los Angeles	16	16	15	13	13	12	12	12
Massachusetts Institute of Technology	17	11	11	8	7	7	7	9
Sorbonne University	18	14	10	17	4[lower-alpha 3]	26[lower-alpha 3]	26[lower-alpha 3]	25[lower-alpha 3]
Columbia University	19	17	16	14	15	14	14	14
University of Sydney	20	24	24	23	26	27	29	30
University of Copenhagen	21	19	18	16	17	16	16	22
Peking University	22	21	21	22	29	33	44	48
University of Melbourne	23	25	23	26	30	31	30	29
University of Paris	24	23	97[lower-alpha 4]	95[lower-alpha 4]	87[lower-alpha 4]	85[lower-alpha 4]	78[lower-alpha 4]	76[lower-alpha 4]
University of California, San Diego	25	26	22	19	18	17	17	16
University of California, San Francisco	26	30	31	28	24	22	19	18
National University of Singapore	27	32	28	30	27	29	32	34
Cornell University	28	28	29	25	23	25	25	24
University of British Columbia	29	29	27	27	21	21	22	20
Yale University	30	27	26	21	20	19	20	21
University of São Paulo	31	33	33	38	36	40	35	31
Monash University	32	37	39	46	53	57	62	64
University of California, Berkeley	33	22	17	12	10	9	9	8
University of Queensland	34	35	35	39	40	41	43	51
Sun Yat-sen University	35	48	60	83	93	99	113	116
Duke University	36	34	34	33	28	24	24	23
University of Tokyo	37	31	25	20	19	18	18	17
KU Leuven	38	38	37	42	41	23	23	38
University of New South Wales	39	42	44	52	60	71	74	78
University of Amsterdam	40	40	48	51	63	61	61	61
Ohio State University	41	39	38	36	38	37	33	32
Huazhong University of Science and Technology	42	49	56	81	94	111	135	155
University of Pittsburgh	43	43	40	35	35	32	31	28
Karolinska Institute	44	50	51	48	51	53	60	57
Fudan University	45	54	58	62	68	74	90	94
University of Chicago	46	36	30	29	22	20	21	19
Northwestern University	47	46	45	43	46	38	37	37
Utrecht University	48	45	42	40	45	44	37	35
Seoul National University	49	51	47	49	44	50	36	42
University of Minnesota	50	44	32	32	31	28	27	27

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Rankings by field

• https://urapcenter.org/Rankings/2020-2021/fields

URAP in Research, Books, and Reports

URAP is mentioned and used in several studies based on, or referring to, global rankings. In the “World University Ranking Systems: An Alternative Approach Using Partial Least Squares Path Modeling”^[16] article, published in the Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, Urap is incorporated in the suggested model as one of the nine major worldwide university ranking systems along with ARWU, QS, Times, Webometrics, Taiwan. Leiden, SIR, and CWUR. In the same article, URAP is categorized among the ranking systems that are based solely on publication performance. The other ranking systems in the same category are Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities, CWTS Leiden Ranking, and SCImago Institutions Rankings.

The following is a list of some of the books, peer reviewed articles, and conference proceedings that have covered URAP or have incorporated it in their models or comparisons.

• Where Are the Global Rankings Leading Us? An Analysis of Recent Methodological Changes and New Developments, European Journal of Education ^[14]
• World university ranking systems: an alternative approach using partial least squares path modelling, Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management ^[16]
• Sustainable Development and Quality Assurance in Higher Education: Transformation of Learning and Society^[19]
• Determinants of University Choice: A Study on Economics Departments in Turkey, Journal of Higher Education.^[20]
• Collecting University Rankings for Comparison Using Web Extraction and Entity Linking Techniques, Information and Communication Technologies in Education, Research, and Industrial Applications.^[21]
• URAP-TR: a national ranking for Turkish universities based on academic performance, Scientometrics.^[22]
• Global University Rankings and Their Impact, EUA Report in Rankings 2013, European University Association.^[15]
• Contributions of Turkish academicians supervising PhD dissertations and their universities to economics: an evaluation of the 1990–2011 period, Scientometrics.^[23]
• A Type-2 Fuzzy MCDM Method for Ranking Private Universities in İstanbul, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, 2014.^[24]
• Adoption of Web 2.0 in academic libraries of top African universities, The Electronic Library.^[25]
• Examining Job Description to Develop Job Performance Indicators for Higher Education Institution Based on MBNQA Education Criteria, Journal of Education & Vocational Research.^[26]
• Software Quality in Academic Curriculum: A Case Study in Turkey, 12th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA).^[27]
• University Ranking Lists:A directory., 2013 Report, Division of Analysis and Evaluation, University of Gothenburg.^[28]
• The "ASERF E News Bulletin on Education" published by Apeejay Stya Education Research Foundation compares the ranking results of THE with other ranking systems, including URAP and QS, for the top 10 universities in some countries.^[29]

URAP in Press

• Thomson Reuters partners with Times on university rankings^[30]
• Press release of University of Tübingen, released on 03.04.2013, covered the ranking of the university based in URAP.^[31]
• Turkey and Arab states announce new HE collaboration, University World News^[32]
• Power and responsibility – The growing influence of global rankings, University World News^[33]
• 10 Turkish universities rank among top 500, Hurriyet Daily News^[34]
• The report of inclusion of five Romanian universities in international rankings based on QS, URAP, U-maltirank, and other ranking systems.^[35]

URAP in university reports and websites

Annual URAP ranking results are used by a number of listed universities to indicate their academic performance. The following is a short list of links to university pages that has mentioned URAP results either independently or in conjunction with other ranking results.

• The comparison of the latest results and previous results of URAP, along with other ranking systems, Provided by the Polytechnic University of Catalonia.^[36]
• The profile of the rankings of Newcastle University from 2010 to 2014^[37] and the current ranking results according to URAP and other ranking systems.^[38]
• URAP ranking results for top 16 universities of Thailand for 2013-2014 for Mahidol University . The report also includes the results for 2012-2013 and the results of all major ranking systems^[39]
• The report of the global standing of Seoul National University including the URAP results for 2014-2015^[40]
• On page 32 of the "Annual Report for the year ended March 31, 2013" of the University of Calgary has used URAP results for 2012 to compare the university with its top 5 peers.^[41]
• The report of the ranking of University of Pittsburgh based on URAP results since 2010.^[42]
• News report of the ranking of University College Dublin based in URAP and QS.^[43]
• Global ranking in 2011 of the Griffith University based in ARWU, QS, THE, Leiden, and URAP.^[44]
• On page 6 of the "Facts and Figures" report published by the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg URAP result is used to justify that their ranking in other systems is not a "one-off success story".^[45]