Valero Energy Corporation is an American-based downstream petroleum company mostly involved in manufacturing and marketing transportation fuels, other petrochemical products, and power. It is headquartered in San Antonio, Texas, United States.^[2] Throughout the United States and Canada, the company owns and operates 15 refineries, and one in Wales, with a combined throughput capacity of approximately 3 million barrels (480,000 m³) per day, 11 ethanol plants with a combined production capacity of 1.2 billion US gallons (4,500,000 m³) per year, and a 50-megawatt wind farm. A Fortune 500 company, before the 2013 spinoff of CST Brands, Valero was one of the United States' largest retail operators with approximately 6,800 retail and branded wholesale outlets in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Mexico and Peru under the Valero, Diamond Shamrock, Shamrock, Beacon, and Texaco brands.^[3] It is largest independent petroleum refiner and marketer in North America.^[4]

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Valero Energy Corporation

Valero company headquarters in San Antonio, Texas
Company type	Public
Traded as	NYSE: VLO S&P 500 component
Industry	Oil and gas
Founded	January 1, 1980; 44 years ago (1980-01-01)
Founder	William Greehey
Headquarters	San Antonio, Texas , United States
Area served	North America
Key people	Lane Riggs (President & CEO)
Products	Gasoline Ethanol Diesel fuel Ultra-low-sulfur diesel Jet fuel Asphalt Petrochemicals Lubricants Carbon Sequestration
Revenue	US$176.383 billion (2022)[1]
Operating income	US$16.796 billion (2022)[1]
Net income	US$11.528 billion (2022)[1]
Total assets	US$60.982 billion (2022)[1]
Total equity	US$25.468 billion (2022)[1]
Number of employees	10,015 (January 2018)[1]
Website	www.valero.com

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Valero was created on January 1, 1980, as the successor of Coastal States Gas Corporation's Subsidiary, LoVaca Gathering Company.^[5] Valero took over the natural gas operations of the LoVaca Gathering Company, later renamed the Valero Transmission Company.^[4] In the 1970s, the company faced litigation due to its inability to honor LoVaca and Coastal's contracts to supply utilities around Texas due to a natural gas shortage.^[4] After six years, the company agreed to a $1.6 billion settlement, which included the establishment of Valero as a new company.^[4]

The name Valero comes from Mission San Antonio de Valero, the original name of the Alamo.^[5] Valero acquired Corpus Christi Marine Services Company ("CCMS"), a small barge company in Corpus Christi, Texas in April 1981 when it purchased a stake in Saber Energy Inc. of Houston. In May 1985, Valero Refining and Marketing Company was born from Valero's subsidiary, Saber Energy, Inc.

In 1997, Valero Energy Company spun off its subsidiary, Valero, to its stockholders.^[6] At the same time, the remaining divisions, which consisted of natural gas operations, merged with a wholly owned subsidiary of Pacific Gas and Electric Company.^[7] In May of that year, the firm acquired Basis Petroleum, which left it with four refineries in Texas and Louisiana.^[8] In 1998, it then acquired a Paulsboro, New Jersey, refinery, the company's first outside of the Gulf Coast area.^[9]

In 2000, Valero purchased ExxonMobil's Benicia, California, refinery and interest in 350 Exxon-branded service stations in California, mainly in the San Francisco Bay Area. The company also began retailing gasoline under the Valero brand. In June 2001, Valero acquired the Huntway Refining Company, along with two asphalt plants on the West Coast.

On December 31, 2001, Valero completed its acquisition of Ultramar Diamond Shamrock. The merger left Valero with over 4,700 Ultramar, Diamond Shamrock, and Beacon retail sites in the United States, Canada, and the Caribbean. With this acquisition, Valero also received ownership of Shamrock Logistics L.P., which was renamed Valero L.P. In 2006, the division was spun off as NuStar Energy. Starting in 2002, Valero has expanded its marketing to the East Coast, specifically the Northeast and Florida, using the Valero brand. The acquisition also includes all past Diamond Shamrock assets, including the former Sigmor Petroleum assets founded by Thomas E. Turner, founder of TETCO Inc. (the Sigmor brand name was the initials of Sigfried Moore, Turner's former employer) which merged with Shamrock Oil and Gas in 1960 forming Sigmor Shamrock - which was merged into Diamond Shamrock in 1982. Turner later repurchased Mission Petroleum Carriers when it was acquired by Diamond Shamrock which was the foundation of TETCO,^[10] and the business portfolio of the former National Convenience Stores, which was acquired by Diamond Shamrock in November 1995.^[11]

By 2003, Valero completed its acquisition of El Paso Corp's refineries, pipeline system and terminal assets in Corpus christi and South Texas.^[12] On April 25, 2005, Valero agreed to buy Premcor, Inc., for $8 billion in cash and stock to become the largest U.S. refiner, as record prices for gasoline and other fuel boosted profits. On June 30, 2005, Valero announced that it was beginning a two-year process of converting Diamond Shamrock stations to the Valero brand. In the next year, on May 5, 2008, Valero agreed to buy 72 Albertsons gas stations.

Valero laid off 500 employees at its refinery in Delaware City, Delaware on November 20, 2009, due to profitability concerns.^[13] The company permanently shut down its refinery in the city, the largest of such facility to close in the U.S. in 2009.^[13] It was reported the refinery had lost $1 million per day since the beginning of the year.^[14]

On March 11, 2011, Valero announced that it had agreed to a major European purchase from Chevron Corp. for $730 million in cash, not including working capital that will be determined at closing. Estimates on the value of the working capital would place the total price at $1.73 billion. The acquisition included Chevron's Pembroke Refinery in Wales — one of Europe's largest and most complex — together with marketing and logistical assets throughout the United Kingdom and Ireland, which include 4 pipelines, 11 terminals, an aviation fuel business, about 1,000 retail outlets, inventory and other items.^[15][16][17]

In 2013, Valero spun off its retail operations into a new publicly traded company, CST Brands.^[18] Under long-term supply agreements, Valero continues to supply fuel to more than 7,400 retail locations, many of which use brand names formerly owned by Valero.^[19]

A change to the logo, store canopy and facade was announced in April 2018. Known as "Vanguard", with various hues of blue, white, and yellow, Valero explained that applying the new design to all its stores would take several months to complete.^[20]

For the fiscal year 2017, Valero Energy reported earnings of US$4.065 billion, with an annual revenue of US$93.980 billion, an increase of 24.2% over the previous fiscal cycle. Valero Energy's shares traded at over $67 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over US$39.2 billion in November 2018.^[23] Valero is ranked No. 31 on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue as of 2018.^[24]

The Political Economy Research Institute ranks Valero 28th among corporations that emit airborne pollutants in the United States. The ranking is based on both the quantity (3.4 million pounds in 2005) and the toxicity of the emissions.^[25]

Valero was the biggest^[26] financial backer of the failed 2010 California Proposition 23 and contributed more than $4 million by August 2010.^[27] Had it passed, Proposition 23 would have delayed action on greenhouse-gas emissions in the state of California by delaying current implementation of the California's Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 until the state attained an unemployment rate of 5.5% or less for one full year.^[28][29] Critics argued that because that had happened only three times over the last 40 years, the proposition would have had the practical effect of repealing the law.^[30][31]

Valero owns two oil refineries in California. The Benicia Refinery is located on the Carquinez Strait, a tributary of the San Francisco Bay.^[32] The Wilmington Refinery^[33] is located 23 miles (37 km) south from downtown Los Angeles.^[34]

Valero's Wilmington (CA), Benicia (CA), and Port Arthur (TX) refineries are known to carry and process crude oil from the Amazon region of South America, a large concern for environmentalists trying to protect the Amazon rainforest. In 2015, Wilmington and Benicia processed about 13,000 and 7,200 barrels of Amazonian crude oil per day, respectively.^[35][36]

For many years, Valero Energy Corp. has been awarded contracts worth several hundred millions of dollars by the United States Defense Logistics Agency Energy (DLA Energy) through the U.S. Defense Energy Support Center (DESC) to provide fuel, often JP-8, to Israel.^{[38][39][40][41]}

During 2010, Valero sold its operations on the United States Atlantic coast.

In November 2009, Valero Energy closed its operations at Delaware City.^[14] Later, Valero Energy reached an agreement to sell the assets of its Delaware City Refining and Delaware Pipeline to a Petroplus Holdings subsidiary, PBF Energy Partners LP, for approximately $220 million in September 2010.^[42]

Shortly after the divestiture of Delaware City, the company sold its refinery at the Port of Paulsboro to PBF Holdings, a wholly owned subsidiary of PBF Energy, as well. The sale concluded Valero's refinery ownership on the East Coast.^[42][43][44]

Through acquisitions in 2011, Valero entered the European market while strengthening its position in the United States, by reducing costs in supplying the Atlantic coast.

On August 1, 2011, Valero acquired the Pembroke Refinery from Chevron, as well as the marketing and logistics assets, for $730 million, excluding working capital, which was valued at approximately $1 billion.^[44] The Pembroke plant is one of the largest and most complex refineries in Western Europe with a total throughput capacity of 270,000 barrels (43,000 m³) per day and a Nelson complexity index rating of 11.8.^[45] This puts Valero at a total of 15 refineries and 2.9 million barrels (460,000 m³) per day of throughput capacity overall, solidifying the company’s standing as the world’s largest independent refinery.^[45]

Valero also purchased ownership interest in four major pipelines and eleven fuel terminals, a 14,000-barrel (2,200 m³)-per-day aviation fuel business, and a network of more than 1,000 Texaco-branded wholesale sites, which is the largest branded dealer network in the United Kingdom and the second-largest in Ireland. Valero has continued with the Texaco brand in these markets.^[44]

Valero retails gasoline branded as Valero, Shamrock, Diamond Shamrock,^[47] Beacon, and Total, the last under license from TotalEnergies. While this arm of the company was the most visible to the public, it was, according to CEO Bill Greehey, "a very small part of [Valero's] operations".^[48]

Valero attempted to shift its focus from being a discount gasoline brand to becoming a premium brand. As part of the shift, Valero began to rebrand its Ultramar, Beacon, Total, and Diamond Shamrock stations to the Valero brand. The Beacon and Shamrock brands are used by retailers as a low-cost alternative to the premium Valero brand. The Shamrock brand is based on the former Shamrock Oil and Gas Company, which merged with Diamond Alkali in 1967 to form Diamond Shamrock, thus declaring the trademark from official abandonment. The name Ultramar, while being eliminated in the United States, continued as Valero's brand name in Canada. Valero introduced its updated "Corner Store" retail concept on December 28, 2007, opening the company's first 5,500-square-foot (510 m²) prototype in western San Antonio. The Corner Store retail division, originally part of Diamond Shamrock, was absorbed into Valero's business portfolio in 2001. Not all Valero gas stations included a Corner Store - one Valero gas station in Euless, Texas east of Fort Worth is co-branded with a 7-Eleven convenience store.

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