The Vavilov State Optical Institute in St Petersburg, Russia (named after Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov) is a research institute in optics in Russia. It works both in pure and applied optics.

It was established in 1918 along the lines of a proposal by the physicist Dimitri Rozhdestvensky, who was the first director, a post he held until 1932.^[1] It is part of the Shvabe holding.^[2]

It designs optical systems (Froptas In German) for many applications, including Russian reconnaissance satellites. It publishes the Journal of Optical Technology (Научно-технический «ОПТИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ»).^[3]

Institution also known for developing of GOI polishing paste [ru].