Venetian_Works_of_Defence_between_15th_and_17th_centuries:_Stato_da_Terra_–_western_Stato_da_Mar

Venetian Works of Defence between the 16th and 17th centuries: <i>Stato da Terra</i> – Western <i>Stato da Mar</i>

Venetian Works of Defence between the 16th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra – Western Stato da Mar

UNESCO World Heritage Site

Venetian Works of Defence between the 16th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra – Western Stato da Mar is a UNESCO World Heritage Site comprising six bastion forts built by the Republic of Venice on its mainland domains (Stato da Terra) and its Domains of the Sea (Stato da Màr).[1]

The extent of the Republic of Venice
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With the increase in firearm warfare in the early modern period of gunpowder when the cannon came to dominate the battlefield, came significant shifts in military strategy and fort design. One of these changes was the development of the bastion fort, or alla moderna fortifications, with a polygon-shaped fortress with bulwarks at the corners.[1] These designs originated from the Republic of Venice, but would soon spread throughout Europe and remain the standard for defence until the 19th century.[2] In 2017, six of these fortifications in Italy, Croatia, and Montenegro were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list. These six sites provide quintessential examples of this fort design, demonstrate the influence of Renaissance-era Venice, and pay testimony to a major advancement in the history of warfare.[1]

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The sites that make up the World Heritage site demonstrate the breadth of the architectural styles and fortresses employed by the Venetians. Built in the 15th century, the fortified town of Kotor is the oldest site, displaying a transitional period between traditional fortress design and alla moderna design.[2] In the 16th century, the fortifications in Bergamo and the Fort of St. Nikola were built, showing the addition of a more complex and centralized system of bastions, walls, and moats.[2] The defences at Zadar, Peschiera del Garda, and Palmanova were completed in the 17th century.

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References

  1. [1]
    "Venetian Works of Defence between the 16th and 17th Centuries: Stato da Terra – Western Stato da Mar". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  2. [2]
    International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) (27 January 2016). Advisory Body Evaluation (ICOMOS): The Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th Centuries (Italy, Croatia, Montenegro): No 1533 (Report). Retrieved 22 May 2021.

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