Vertebrate Paleontology is an advanced textbook on vertebrate paleontology by Alfred Sherwood Romer, published by the University of Chicago Press.^[1] It went through three editions (1933, 1945, 1966) and for many years constituted a very authoritative work and the definitive coverage of the subject.^[2] A condensed version centering on comparative anatomy, coauthored by T. S. Parson came in 1977, remaining in print until 1985.^[3] The 1988 book Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution by Robert L. Carroll is largely based on Romer's book.^[4]

The book provides a very detailed and comprehensive technical account of every main group of living and fossil vertebrates, though the mammal-like reptiles are covered in particular, these being Romer's main interest.^[4] At the rear of the book is a classification list which includes every genus known at the time of publication, along with locality and stratigraphic range.