The vice-president of Tanzania holds the second-highest political office in the United Republic of Tanzania. The vice president runs on a single ticket with the President of Tanzania, and ranks first in the presidential line of succession.

Per Article 37 of the Constitution of Tanzania, if the president dies, resigns, is permanently incapacitated, or is disqualified, the vice-president ascends to the presidency for the balance of the term. Under Article 40, a vice-president who ascends to the presidency in this manner is eligible to run for two full terms in their own right if there are fewer than three years remaining in the five-year term. If the vice-president ascends with more than three years remaining, they are only eligible for one full term.^[3]

For example, when Samia Suluhu Hassan became the first vice-president to directly ascend to the presidency, she did so only one year after being reelected as the running mate of her predecessor, John Magufuli. While she would be eligible to run for a full term in 2025, if she won she would have to leave office in 2030.

After the union between Tanganyika and the People's Republic of Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanzania in 1964, Tanzania had two vice-presidents, First and Second until the creation of a single office in 1995.^[4]

First vice-presidents

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No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Political party	President(s)
			Took office	Left office	Time in office
1		Abeid Karume (1905–1972)	29 October 1964	7 April 1972	7 years, 161 days	Afro-Shirazi Party	Nyerere
2		Aboud Jumbe (1920–2016)	7 April 1972	30 January 1984	11 years, 298 days	Afro-Shirazi Party
						Chama Cha Mapinduzi[lower-alpha 1]
3		Ali Hassan Mwinyi (1925–2024)	30 January 1984	5 November 1985	1 year, 279 days	Chama Cha Mapinduzi
4		Joseph Warioba (born 1940)	5 November 1985	9 November 1990	5 years, 4 days	Chama Cha Mapinduzi	Mwinyi
5		John Malecela (born 1934)	9 November 1990	5 December 1994	4 years, 26 days	Chama Cha Mapinduzi
6		Cleopa Msuya (born 1931)	5 December 1994	23 November 1995	353 days	Chama Cha Mapinduzi

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Second vice-presidents

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No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Political party	President(s)
			Took office	Left office	Time in office
1		Rashidi Kawawa (1926–2009)	26 April 1964	13 February 1977	12 years, 293 days	Tanganyika African National Union	Nyerere
						Chama Cha Mapinduzi[lower-alpha 1]
Post vacant (13 February 1977 – 5 November 1985)
2		Idris Abdul Wakil (1925–2009)	5 November 1985	9 November 1990	5 years, 4 days	Chama Cha Mapinduzi	Mwinyi
3		Salmin Amour (born 1948)	9 November 1990	23 November 1995	5 years, 14 days	Chama Cha Mapinduzi

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Vice-presidents (single office)

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No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Political party	President(s)
			Took office	Left office	Time in office
1		Omar Ali Juma (1941–2001)	23 November 1995	4 July 2001	5 years, 223 days	Chama Cha Mapinduzi	Mkapa
2		Ali Mohamed Shein (born 1948)	13 July 2001	3 November 2010	9 years, 113 days	Chama Cha Mapinduzi	Mkapa Kikwete
3		Mohamed Gharib Bilal (born 1945)	6 November 2010	5 November 2015	4 years, 364 days	Chama Cha Mapinduzi	Kikwete
4		Samia Suluhu Hassan (born 1960)	5 November 2015	19 March 2021	5 years, 134 days	Chama Cha Mapinduzi	Magufuli
5		Philip Mpango (born 1957)	31 March 2021	Incumbent	3 years, 24 days	Chama Cha Mapinduzi	Suluhu

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• President of Tanzania