Victoria_County,_Texas
Victoria County, Texas
County in Texas, United States
Victoria County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 91,319.[1] Its county seat is also named Victoria.[2] Victoria County is included in the Victoria, TX Metropolitan Statistical Area, and comprises the entirety of the Victoria, TX media market.
Victoria County | |
|---|---|
The Victoria County Courthouse of Romanesque revival design in Victoria | |
Location within the U.S. state of Texas | |
Texas's location within the U.S. | |
| Coordinates: 28°48′N 96°58′W | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Texas |
| Founded | 1836 |
| Named for | Guadalupe Victoria |
| Seat | Victoria |
| Largest city | Victoria |
| Area | |
| • Total | 889 sq mi (2,300 km2) |
| • Land | 882 sq mi (2,280 km2) |
| • Water | 6.7 sq mi (17 km2) 0.8% |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | 91,319 |
| • Density | 100/sq mi (40/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (Central) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| Congressional district | 27th |
| Website | www |
Through colonial times
Paleo-Indians Hunter-gatherers, and later Tonkawa, Aranamas, Tamiques, Karankawa. Tawakoni, Lipan Apache and Comanche were the first inhabitants of modern-day Victoria County.[3]
In 1685, René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle established Fort St. Louis.[4]
In 1689, Alonso de Leon named the Guadalupe River in honor of Our Lady of Guadalupe.[5]
In 1722, Nuestra Señora de Loreto Presidio[6] and Mission Nuestra Señora del Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga became the first Spanish settlement in Victoria County.[7]
In 1824, Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Jesús Victoria (the future city of Victoria) is established by Martín De León, who started his colony with 5,000 branded cattle and established the county's claim as the "Cradle of the Texas Cattle Industry." The only primarily Mexican colony in Texas.[8]
In 1835, Victoria's settlers supported the revolution against Antonio López de Santa Anna, but were ostracized by new incoming Americans, many of whom were adventurous soldiers or fortune hunters, who wrongly profiled them as Mexican sympathizers and forced them to flee after the revolution in 1836.[9] Anglo-Americans resettle the area.[10]
In 1836, Victory County was formed by the Republic of Texas. It is named after Guadalupe Victoria, the first President of Mexico.[3] Three thousand troops of the Texas army encamped near Spring Creek, Victoria County, under the command of Gen. Thomas J. Rusk, as the main defense against a threatened attack by Mexican general José de Urrea.[11]
In 1842, Rafael Vásquez and Adrián Woll led Mexican forces in an invasion into the county.[12]
Post-Revolution through Civil War
- 1850 Coletoville is established by German immigrant Carl Steiner.[13]
- 1851 Victoria County's first toll bridge is erected across the river, built by Richard Owens and Sylvester Sutton.[14]
- 1860 There are 1,413 slaves in the county.[3]
- 1861 County votes 318–88 in favor of secession from the Union. Victoria County sends 300 men to fight for the Confederate States Army.[3]
- 1863 Confederate General John B. Magruder destroys the railroad from Port Lavaca to Victoria to keep it out of Union hands. He also sinks trees and boats into the Guadalupe River.[3]
- 1867-1869 The county is occupied by federal troops. Mob mentality violence by those same troops results in the axing death and corpse mutilation of local official Benjamin F. Hill, who is at the time incarcerated for an alleged self-defense killing of a discharged Union soldier.[15]
- 1873 Gulf, Western Texas and Pacific Railway connects Victoria with Cuero and the coast.[3]
- 1882 New York, Texas and Mexican Railway provides the first cross-country route to Rosenberg Junction in Fort Bend County.[3]
- 1883 Texas Continental Meat Company is erected in the county and is the largest meat packing plant in Texas.[3]
- 1886 Bray's Ferry is established at the San Antonio River by G. B. Amery and John Bray.[3]
- 1906 The Guadalupe River Navigation Company is established.[3]
- 1930 Oil is discovered at the McFaddin Oil Field. Victoria County holds more cattle than any other county in Texas.[3]
- 1941 Foster Air Force Base is established as Victoria Army Air Field as a training air field.[16]
- 1967 The Victoria Barge Canal is completed, connecting Victoria County with the Intracoastal Waterway.[3]
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1850 | 2,019 | — | |
| 1860 | 4,171 | 106.6% | |
| 1870 | 4,860 | 16.5% | |
| 1880 | 6,289 | 29.4% | |
| 1890 | 8,737 | 38.9% | |
| 1900 | 13,678 | 56.6% | |
| 1910 | 14,990 | 9.6% | |
| 1920 | 18,271 | 21.9% | |
| 1930 | 20,048 | 9.7% | |
| 1940 | 23,741 | 18.4% | |
| 1950 | 31,241 | 31.6% | |
| 1960 | 46,475 | 48.8% | |
| 1970 | 53,766 | 15.7% | |
| 1980 | 68,807 | 28.0% | |
| 1990 | 74,361 | 8.1% | |
| 2000 | 84,088 | 13.1% | |
| 2010 | 86,793 | 3.2% | |
| 2020 | 91,319 | 5.2% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[17] 1850–2010[18] 2010–2014[19] | |||
| Race | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White (NH) | 41,564 | 39,330 | 47.89% | 43.07% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 5,190 | 5,230 | 5.98% | 5.73% |
| Native American or Alaska Native (NH) | 199 | 425 | 0.23% | 0.23% |
| Asian (NH) | 860 | 2,404 | 0.99% | 1.52% |
| Pacific Islander (NH) | 16 | 46 | 0.02% | 0.04% |
| Some Other Race (NH) | 109 | 698 | 0.13% | 0.25% |
| Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) | 742 | 7,961 | 0.85% | 2.14% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 38,113 | 42,931 | 43.91% | 47.01% |
| Total | 86,793 | 91,319 |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 91,319 people, 32,520 households, and 22,172 families residing in the county.
As of the census[24] of 2000, there were 84,088 people, 30,071 households, and 22,192 families residing in the county. The population density was 95 people per square mile (37 people/km2). There were 32,945 housing units at an average density of 37 units per square mile (14 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 74.22% White, 6.30% Black or African American, 0.53% Native American, 0.77% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 15.92% from other races, and 2.22% from two or more races. 39.20% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 16.2% were of German, 6.2% American and 5.6% English ancestry according to Census 2000. 73.3% spoke English and 25.5% Spanish as their first language.
There were 30,071 households, out of which 37.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.70% were married couples living together, 12.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.20% were non-families. 22.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.23.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 29.10% under the age of 18, 9.20% from 18 to 24, 28.10% from 25 to 44, 21.50% from 45 to 64, and 12.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.70 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $38,732, and the median income for a family was $44,443. Males had a median income of $35,484 versus $21,231 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,379. About 10.50% of families and 12.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.20% of those under age 18 and 11.70% of those age 65 or over.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 889 square miles (2,300 km2), of which 882 square miles (2,280 km2) is land and 6.7 square miles (17 km2) (0.8%) is water.[25]
Major highways
U.S. Highway 59
Interstate 69 is currently under construction and will follow the current route of U.S. 59 in most places northeast of Victoria.
Interstate 69W is currently under construction and will follow the current route of U.S. 59 in most places southwest of Victoria.
U.S. Highway 77
Interstate 69E is currently under construction and will follow the current route of U.S. 77 in most places southwest of Victoria.
U.S. Highway 87
Farm to Market Road 444
Farm to Market Road 616
Farm to Market Road 622
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Adjacent counties
- Lavaca County (north)
- Jackson County (northeast)
- Calhoun County (southeast)
- Refugio County (south)
- Goliad County (southwest)
- DeWitt County (northwest)
County government
Victoria County elected officials
| Position | Name | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|
| County Judge | Ben Zeller | Republican | |
| Commissioner, Precinct 1 | Danny Garcia | Democratic | |
| Commissioner, Precinct 2 | Kevin M. Janak | Republican | |
| Commissioner, Precinct 3 | Gary Burns | Republican | |
| Commissioner, Precinct 4 | Clint Ives | Republican | |
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2020 | 23,358 | 68.25% | 10,380 | 30.33% | 488 | 1.43% |
| 2016 | 21,275 | 67.92% | 8,866 | 28.30% | 1,183 | 3.78% |
| 2012 | 19,692 | 68.25% | 8,802 | 30.51% | 359 | 1.24% |
| 2008 | 19,878 | 66.22% | 9,832 | 32.75% | 310 | 1.03% |
| 2004 | 20,875 | 70.52% | 8,553 | 28.89% | 174 | 0.59% |
| 2000 | 18,787 | 68.55% | 8,176 | 29.83% | 445 | 1.62% |
| 1996 | 14,457 | 59.94% | 8,238 | 34.16% | 1,424 | 5.90% |
| 1992 | 13,086 | 50.26% | 7,604 | 29.20% | 5,347 | 20.54% |
| 1988 | 15,056 | 62.08% | 8,923 | 36.79% | 274 | 1.13% |
| 1984 | 18,787 | 72.41% | 7,037 | 27.12% | 121 | 0.47% |
| 1980 | 13,392 | 62.96% | 7,382 | 34.71% | 495 | 2.33% |
| 1976 | 9,594 | 56.34% | 7,326 | 43.02% | 108 | 0.63% |
| 1972 | 11,246 | 72.56% | 4,226 | 27.27% | 26 | 0.17% |
| 1968 | 6,352 | 43.12% | 6,042 | 41.02% | 2,336 | 15.86% |
| 1964 | 4,201 | 33.97% | 8,141 | 65.83% | 25 | 0.20% |
| 1960 | 4,591 | 44.16% | 5,779 | 55.58% | 27 | 0.26% |
| 1956 | 5,596 | 62.85% | 3,280 | 36.84% | 28 | 0.31% |
| 1952 | 4,306 | 57.89% | 3,128 | 42.05% | 4 | 0.05% |
| 1948 | 1,262 | 31.22% | 2,435 | 60.24% | 345 | 8.54% |
| 1944 | 936 | 25.41% | 2,331 | 63.27% | 417 | 11.32% |
| 1940 | 956 | 27.70% | 2,493 | 72.24% | 2 | 0.06% |
| 1936 | 352 | 14.46% | 2,081 | 85.46% | 2 | 0.08% |
| 1932 | 190 | 6.39% | 2,777 | 93.44% | 5 | 0.17% |
| 1928 | 663 | 27.94% | 1,710 | 72.06% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 459 | 18.98% | 1,653 | 68.36% | 306 | 12.66% |
| 1920 | 782 | 41.62% | 686 | 36.51% | 411 | 21.87% |
| 1916 | 476 | 33.66% | 897 | 63.44% | 41 | 2.90% |
| 1912 | 100 | 9.90% | 687 | 68.02% | 223 | 22.08% |
City
- Victoria (county seat)
Census-designated places
Unincorporated communities
- "QuickFacts: Victoria County, Texas". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
- "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- Roell, Craig H. "Victoria County, Texas". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Archived from the original on July 15, 2011. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
- Harrigan, Stephen (January 1979). "In Search of La Salle". Texas Monthly: 88–90, 138, 141–147.
- Bencke, Arthur C; Cushing, Colbert E (2005). Rivers of North America. Academic Press. pp. 192–194. ISBN 978-0-12-088253-3.
- Heard, J Norman (1987). Handbook of the American Frontier, Volume I: The Southeastern Woodlands. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 272. ISBN 978-0-8108-1931-3.
- Walter, Tamra Lynn (2007). Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga: A Frontier Mission in South Texas. University of Texas Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-292-71478-6.
- Craig H. Roell, "DE LEON, MARTIN," Handbook of Texas Online Archived 2017-03-17 at the Wayback Machine, accessed September 11, 2011. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
- Craig H. Roell, "DE LEON'S COLONY," Handbook of Texas Online Archived 2017-08-01 at the Wayback Machine, accessed September 11, 2011. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
- Room, Adrian (2005). Placenames Of The World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features and Historic Sites. McFarland & Company. p. 395. ISBN 978-0-7864-2248-7.
- De La Teja, Jesus F (2010). Tejano Leadership in Mexican and Revolutionary Texas. TAMU Press. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-60344-166-7.
- Fowler, Will (2007). Santa Anna of Mexico. University of Nebraska Press. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-8032-1120-9.
- "Coletoville, Texas". Texas Escapes. Texas Escapes - Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Archived from the original on May 20, 2011. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
- Blackburn, Edward A (2005). Wanted: Historic County Jails of Texas. TAMU Press. p. 339. ISBN 978-1-58544-308-6.
- Roell, Craig H; Harsdoff-Lee, Linda. "Benjamin F Hill". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Archived from the original on July 10, 2011. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
- "Victoria, Texas-Air Forces". Life. June 1942. pp. 56–59 61.
- "Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010" (PDF). Texas Almanac. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 26, 2015. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
- "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 18, 2011. Retrieved December 29, 2013.
- "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 20, 2022.
- "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 20, 2022.
- "About the Hispanic Population and its Origin". www.census.gov. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
- "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
- "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on April 19, 2015. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
- Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Archived from the original on March 23, 2018. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
