Founding

Although disagreement exists about who initiated the service, most media observers recognize that Gamal Abdel Nasser, one of the coup leaders at the time and later President of Egypt, was the main driving force behind the project.^[2] According to Douglas Boyd, the idea of the service came from Mohammed Abdel-Kader Hatem, who would become Minister of Information.^[2] Until 1967, director and chief announcer Ahmed Said headed and managed the service.^[3]

Unlike the press, which the new government did not control until 1960, the radio fell under the monopoly of the government, who used this to their advantage.^[2] Recognizing the immense potential of radio, Nasser devoted "considerable financial resources to the expansion of public broadcasting."^[4] Voice of the Arabs first aired on 4 July 1953, one year after the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 as a half-hour radio program on Cairo Radio. Quickly, the show developed into its own radio station broadcasting across the Arab world.^[5][6] A year after its initial broadcast, the service's transmission time tripled.^[7] By 1962, the service expanded to broadcasting 15 hours a day.^[7] This expansion made Egypt the "dominant broadcaster in the Middle East and a major international broadcaster" during the 1950s and 1960s.^[2] The following decade, the service had expanded to 24-hour-a-day broadcasting.^[7]

Under Nasser

Under Nasser's presidency and the leadership of Said, the revolutionary fervor of the coup leaders' ideology, the promotion of pan-Arabism, an anti-imperialist tone and the legendary voice of Egyptian singer Umm Kulthum characterized the service. Voice of the Arabs also called for the liberation of Palestine and galvanized Arabs in North Africa, Iraq and Yemen to rise up against colonial and monarchical rule.^[1] The station's tagline, which Ahmed Said claims to have written,^[8] was "Sawt al-Arab, calling to the Arab nation from the heart of Cairo" ("صوت العرب ينادى أمة العرب من قلب القاهرة").

During what came to be known as the "Ahmed Said Era" (1953–1967), programming consisted of news, commentary on political topics, speeches by public officials including Nasser, talks by and interviews with various Arab political figures and dramas with political themes.^[2] The service also regularly featured nationalistic songs by popular musicians, like Abdel Wahab and Umm Kulthum, praising Nasser and his accomplishments and promoting pan-Arabism.^[3] The radio station used music not only as a propaganda tool but also to attract listeners to "serious programs schedule adjacent to the musical programs."^[3] Frequently, Nasser's speeches would be broadcast after a musical performance by Umm Kulthum.

While the audience for the service was broadly the whole Arab-speaking world, changing social and political conditions influenced programming and subjects for discussion.^[2] The service designed targeted programs for the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Lebanon, Syria and Yemen.^[3]

Decline in popularity

The station's popularity was tied to Nasser's accomplishments and successes as president and symbol of Arab unity. Therefore, the lack of spectacular success for Pan-Arabism and Nasser between 1958 and 1967 heavily contributed to gradual loss of credibility and fame of the station.^[3] Transmission of false reports during the Six-Day War consolidated its decline.^[11] From the start of the war, the Egyptian military relayed updates from front to the service, yet some reports had been false.^[5] Though Israel defeated Egyptian, Syrian and Jordanian forces on every front, Said reported great victories.^[5] Days after the war's start and Israeli forces had captured the Gaza Strip from the Egyptians, East Jerusalem and the West Bank from the Jordanians, and the Golan Heights from Syrians, the Voice continued to report an Arab victory. Other radio stations also broadcast Said's initial claims that Egypt was winning the war, contributing to the build-up of hope that victory was near.^[3] This made the eventual let down bigger and cost the station its credibility. Said was dismissed from his position, though Nasser had made the decisions behind the false broadcasting.^[3] The Voice of the Arabs and Said's handling later symbolized Egypt's self-deception, and the Voice of the Arabs station has not regained its former reach or impact.