Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative

Voiced dental and alveolar lateral fricatives

Voiced dental and alveolar lateral fricatives

Consonantal sounds represented by ⟨ɮ⟩ in IPA

"Voiced dental lateral fricative" and "Voiced alveolar lateral fricative" redirect here. For voiceless consonant, see Voiceless dental and alveolar lateral fricatives.

The voiced alveolar lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiced dental, alveolar, and postalveolar lateral fricatives is ⟨ɮ⟩ (sometimes referred to as lezh), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is K\.

Quick Facts ɮ, IPA Number ...

Features

Features of the voiced alveolar lateral fricative:

Occurrence

Dental or denti-alveolar

More information Language, Word ...

Alveolar

More information Language, Word ...

In addition, a pharyngealized voiced alveolar lateral fricative [ɮˤ]ⓘ is reconstructed to be the ancient Classical Arabic pronunciation of Ḍād; the letter is now pronounced in Modern Standard Arabic as a pharyngealized voiced coronal stop, as alveolar [dˤ] or denti-alveolar [d̪ˤ].

There are several Unicode characters based on lezh (ɮ):

  • U+1079E 𐞞 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LEZH is a superscript IPA letter[5]
  • U+1079F 𐞟 MODIFIER LETTER SMALL LEZH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK is a superscript IPA letter[5]
  • U+1DF05 𝼅 LATIN SMALL LETTER LEZH WITH RETROFLEX HOOK is an extension to IPA for disordered speech (extIPA)[5][6]

Notation

Former IPA symbol for the voiced alveolar lateral fricative

In 1938, a symbol shaped similarly to heng ⟨ꜧ⟩ was approved as the official IPA symbol for the voiced alveolar lateral fricative, replacing ⟨ɮ⟩. It was suggested at the same time, however, that a compromise shaped like something between the two may also be used at the author's discretion. It was this compromise version that was included in the 1949 Principles of the International Phonetic Association and the subsequent IPA charts, until it was replaced again by ⟨ɮ⟩ at the 1989 Kiel Convention.[7] Despite the Association's prescription, ⟨ɮ⟩ is nonetheless seen in literature from the 1960s to the 1980s.[8][9][10][11][12]

See also

Notes

  1. [1]
    Grønnum (2005), pp. 154–155.
  2. [2]
    Friesen (2017), p. 49.
  3. [3]
    Tench (2007), p. 228.
  4. [4]
    Poulos (1998), p. 548.
  5. [5]
    Miller, Kirk; Ball, Martin (2020-07-11). "L2/20-116R: Expansion of the extIPA and VoQS" (PDF).
  6. [6]
    Anderson, Deborah (2020-12-07). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF).
  7. [7]
    Wells, John (3 November 2006). "The symbol ɮ". John Wells’s phonetic blog. Department of Phonetics and Linguistics, University College London. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  8. [8]
    Newman, Paul (1964). "A word list of Tera". Journal of West African Languages. 1 (2): 33–50.
  9. [9]
    Catford, J. C.; Ladefoged, Peter (1968). Working Papers in Phonetics 11: Practical Phonetic Exercises. University of California, Los Angeles.
  10. [10]
    Brosnahan, L. F.; Malmberg, Bertil (1970). Introduction to Phonetics. Cambridge University Press. p. 105. ISBN 0-521-21100-X.
  11. [11]
    Ladefoged, Peter (1971). Preliminaries to Linguistic Phonetics. University of Chicago Press. p. 54. ISBN 0-226-46787-2.
  12. [12]
    MacKay, Ian (1987). Phonetics: The Science of Speech Production (2nd ed.). Little, Brown and Company. p. 106. ISBN 0-316-54238-5.

References
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This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.