Voiceless_labialized_velar_approximant

Voiceless labial–velar fricative

Voiceless labial–velar fricative

Consonantal sound

The voiceless labial–velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨xʷ⟩ or occasionally ⟨ʍ⟩. The letter ⟨ʍ⟩ was defined as a voiceless [w̥] until 1979, when it was defined as a fricative with the place of articulation of [k͡p] the same way that [w] is an approximant with the place of articulation of [ɡ͡b]. However, the IPA Handbook treats it as both a "fricative" (IPA 1999: ix) and as an "approximate" (IPA 1999: 136).

Quick Facts xʷ, ʍ ...
Quick Facts w̥, ʍ ...

Some linguists posit voiceless approximants distinct from voiceless fricatives. To them, English /ʍ/ is an approximant [w̥],[1] a labialized glottal fricative [hʷ], or an [hw] sequence, not a velar fricative.[2] Scots /ʍ/ has been described as a velar fricative,[3] especially in older Scots, where it was [xw].[4] Other linguists believe that a "voiceless approximant" is a contradiction in terms, and so [w̥] must be the same as [xʷ]. Ladefoged and Maddieson were unable to confirm that any language has fricatives produced at two places of articulation, like labial and velar.[5] They conclude that "if it is a fricative, it is better described as a voiceless labialized velar fricative".[6]

Features

Features of the voiceless labial–velar fricative:

Occurrence

More information Language, Word ...

See also

Notes

  1. [1]
    For instance, Lyle Campbell (2020) Historical Linguistics, 4th edition, page xxii.
  2. [2]
    Ladefoged (2006), p. 68.
  3. [3]
    International Phonetic Association (1999), p. 22.
  4. [4]
    Johnston (1997), pp. 499, 510.
  5. [5]
    Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), pp. 330–2.
  6. [6]
    Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 326.
  7. [7]
    Головко, Е. В. (1994). Словарь алеутско-русский и русско-алеутский (беринговский диалект) [Aleut-Russian and Russian-Aleut Dictionary (Bering dialect)]. Отд-ние изд-ва "Просвещение". p. 14. ISBN 978-5-09-002312-2.
  8. [8]
    "Received Pronunciation Phonology".
  9. [9]
    Rogers (2000), p. 120.
  10. [10]
    Rogers (2000), p. 117.
  11. [11]
    Lass (2002), p. 121.
  12. [12]
    Wells (1982), p. 432.
  13. [13]
    McMahon (2002), p. 31.
  14. [14]
    Wells (1982), p. 408.
  15. [15]
    Labov, Ash & Boberg (2006).
  16. [16]
    Wells (1982), p. 610.
  17. [17]
    Golla, Victor (1996). "Hupa Language Dictionary Second Edition". Retrieved Oct 31, 2021.
  18. [18]
    Wilde (2016).
  19. [19]
    Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999), p. 136.
  20. [20]
    Greenberg (2006), p. 18.

References
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This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Voiceless_labialized_velar_approximant, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.