Walled_city

List of cities with defensive walls

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The following cities have, or historically had, defensive walls.

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[touropia-1] [1]
"12 Impressive Walled Cities in the World". Retrieved 9 December 2012.

[halifax-2] [2]
"Discovering the secret city from the 1700s under Halifax". CTV Atlantic. BellMedia. 30 April 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2020.

[3] [3]
"Le Bourg des Trois Rivières".

[4] [4]
"Defenses – History – Colony of Avalon". www.heritage.nf.ca.

[baluarte-5] [5]
"Baluarte de Santiago". Fodor's. Retrieved 30 October 2009.

[CASTILLERO-6] [6]
Castillero, Alfredo (2004). UNESCO Guides: Panamá la Vieja and Casco Viejo. UNESCO Publishing. ISBN 92-3-103923-7.

[7] [7]
"St. Augustine Town Plan Historic District-American Latino Heritage: A Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary". Nps.gov. Retrieved 2018-09-16.

[8] [8]
"New Orleans before the battle The Battle of New Orleans December 1814 – January 8, 1815". battleofneworleans.org. Retrieved 2016-09-04.

[9] [9]
Administration, Works Progress (2011-08-15). New Orleans City Guide. Garrett County Press. ISBN 9781891053405.

[DORIS2017-10] [10]
"The Dutch & the English, Part 2: A Wall by Any Other Name". NYC Department of Records & Information Services. February 23, 2017. Retrieved January 17, 2023.

[11] [11]
Institute of Taiwanese History, Academica Sinica. "清代臺灣城郭". 台灣歷史文化地圖.

[Urbano_biće-1996-Brkljača-IIS2-12] [12]
Seka Brkljača (1996). Urbano biće Bosne i Hercegovine (in Serbo-Croatian). Sarajevo: Međunarodni centar za mir, Institut za istoriju. p. 27. Retrieved 28 October 2021.

[UNESCO-Stolac2-13] [13]
"The natural and architectural ensemble of Stolac". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 28 October 2021.

[14] [14]
"St. Laurence's Gate – Drogheda Walls | Attractions | Museums and Attractions | All Ireland | Republic of Ireland | Louth | Drogheda | Discover Ireland". Discoverireland.ie. Retrieved 2018-09-16.

[15] [15]
Muralla urbana de Cedeira

[16] [16]
"Manzaneda | Asociación española de amigos de los Castillos, Castillos de España, Castillos medievales". www.castillosdeespaña.es.

[17] [17]
Muralla de Tui – Asociación Española de Amigos de los Castillos.

[18] [18]
Muralla urbana de Viveiro.

[DiscShrop-19] [19]
"Fragment of Town Walls (listed section), rear of 93 Cartway (E and N side), SMRNO00374". Discovering Shrophshire's History. Retrieved 22 October 2011.

[20] [20]
"The Town Wall Tavern". realalerambles.co.uk. Retrieved 23 April 2018.

[21] [21]
"Leceister Walls and Gates". University of Leceister. Retrieved 22 May 2019.

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Place	Condition	Notes
Halifax, Nova Scotia	Demolished	Defensive walls were built in 1750 to defend the settlement of Halifax (present day downtown Halifax). Five forts were also built around the city's defensive walls, including the predecessor to Fort George.^[2] The walls were taken down in the 1760s.^[2]
Louisbourg, Nova Scotia	Demolished (1760) Partially rebuilt (1960s)	Main article: Fortress of Louisbourg Louisbourg was a walled settlement located south of the present community of Louisbourg. The settlement was the capital of the French colony of Île-Royale from 1713 to 1758. After the British capture of Louisbourg, its defensive fortifications were destroyed. During the 1960s and 1970s, one-quarter of the historic settlement was rebuilt in a reconstruction project by the Government of Canada, including portions of its defensive walls.
Montreal, Quebec	Demolished; remains partially unearthed	Completed in 1744, the walls surrounded most of Old Montreal. The walls were demolished in the beginning of the 19th century, although some of the wall's foundations was left alone, and later buried. The walls’ foundations were later unearthed at the Champ de Mars, and at Pointe-à-Callière Museum.
Quebec City, Quebec	Intact	Main article: Ramparts of Quebec Surrounding most of Old Quebec's Upper Town, construction of the wall began in the 1690s, with additional improvements and restorations done in the following centuries. The southern portion of the walls form a part of the Citadel of Quebec. The citadel is military installation used by the Canadian Armed Forces and an official residence for the monarch and governor general of Canada.
Trois-Rivières, Quebec	Demolished	Main article: Fort Trois-Rivières The first permanent settlement in the area of Trois-Rivières, and the second one in New France, was originally surrounded by a palisade wall with several bastions. Today, there is a plaque marking the site of the fort, although there are no other traces.^[3]
Ferryland, Newfoundland and Labrador	Demolished; remains partially unearthed	Ferryland, founded in 1623 by Edward Wynne, was at one point the principal settlement of the Province of Avalon. During its period of existence, the town was surrounded on at least two sides by a ditch, rampart and palisade, with bastions on the corners. Eventually, though, the town was destroyed by the French during the Avalon Peninsula Campaign. In the late 1980s, an archaeological excavation began on the site and has since uncovered the remains of several buildings, the ditch, a cobblestone street and many other features.^[4]
Kahnawake, Quebec	Demolished	A fort in Kahnawake was constructed by Jesuit Missionaries in 1725 to protect their mission and the adjacent Iroquois village. A mission fort, Fort Du Sault-Saint-Louis, had four bastions, built of stone with bartizans on the tips. The village was enclosed on all sides by a palisade wall (rebuilt in stone in 1747), consisting of six bastions and one half-bastion. Three large gates pierced the village walls, as well as one small gate and three postern gates. The St. Francis Xavier Mission now occupies the site of the fort, and parts of the walls remain in that area.

Place	Province	Accessible	Condition	Notes
Aarschot	Flemish Brabant	Yes	One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates towers, etc.) remain.	The most significant remain of the medieval fortifications which surrounded the town of Aarschot is a tower located on top of a hill just south of the old town, named the Aurelianustoren or Orleanstoren.
Ath	Hainaut	Yes	One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	Ath was fortified several times. Of the oldest fortifications, the old castle, including the Burbant Tower, still stands. The bendy course of some of the streets surrounding the old town are vestiges of the bastioned ramparts of the post-medieval era. Some remnants of these fortifications still remain to the north of the old town, near the Boulevard Alphonse Deneubourg.
Arlon	Luxembourg	Yes	One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	A smallish citadel stands in the center of the old town, on the location of a destroyed Medieval castle.
Beaumont	Hainaut	Yes	One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	A sizable stretch of the old city wall remains to the east of the old town. The most notable part is the old Tour Salamandre, an old keep tower.
Binche	Hainaut	Yes	Sizable parts of the fortifications remain intact.	The city of Binche sports the most intact set of city walls of Belgium. Built in 1230 AD, they are 2.1 kilometers long and sport about 30 towers. There were six gates, but these have been demolished in the 19th century.
Bouillon	Luxembourg	Yes	One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	Apart from the impressive medieval castle, three small, tower-like bastions, as well as several small stretches of curtain wall, remain of the wall built around the town by the French military engineer Vauban in the 17th century.
Bruges	Western Flanders	Yes	One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	Out of the nine gates in the 14th-century walls, four survive today. Several stretches of the earth fortification wall surrounding the city are still in place. Apart from a single tower, no trace remains of the stone wall that topped some parts of the earth ramparts. A single tower of the first city wall can be seen across the canal at the Pottenmakersstraat.
Brussels	Brussels-Capital Region		One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	Of the first city wall, built in the 13th century, a small stretch of curtain wall and several isolated towers still remain. Of the second wall, only the Halle gate remains. The inner ring road of Brussels now occupies the location of this second wall.
Chièvres	Hainaut	Yes	One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	A large stretch of the medieval town walls still remains behind the church of St. Martin and the chapel of Our Lady (Notre Dame) and the houses alongside the Rue Hoche. A wall tower, the Tour de Gavre, also remains next to the church.
Chimay	Hainaut		One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	An isolated tower still remains at the Rue de Noailles
Dalhem	Wallonia		One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	Several remains of the town and castle's fortifications can be found at the back of the houses alongside Rue du Général Thys. The ruins of the castle are also located on Rue du Général Thys.
Damme	West Flanders	Yes	One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	The location of the 16th-century, seven-sided ring of fortifications can still be seen as low hills in the fields and gardens surrounding the old town. A small portion of the inner and outer wall was reconstructed in 2001.
Dendermonde	East Flanders	Yes	One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	Dendermonde received a new set of city walls in the 19th century, being an important part of the Wellington Barrier. Currently, various structures, including the arsenal, barracks, two gates, and several parts of the walls (transformed into a park) remain.
Diest	Flemish Brabant	Yes	Sizable parts of the fortifications remain intact.	To the north of the city centre, one can still find two polygonous fronts featuring a land gate; a water gate and a ravelin. An outer wall in front of this wall fragment sports two dilapidated casemated caponieres. To the east, the shape of several bastions have remained intact. An outer work, to the east of the fortifications, is incorporated in a swimming pool complex. The Citadel remains mostly intact, although the side facing the city was demolished to make room for barracks. There is a small fortress to the north of the city center.
Herentals	Antwerpen		One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	Two, much altered, gates of the Medieval fortifications of the town of Herentals can still be found at either end of the town center.
Huy	Liège		Sizable parts of the fortifications remain intact.	Sizable portions of the medieval city wall can be found to the south and east of the old town. During the early 19th century, a large fortress was built by the Dutch on the location where a castle had stood several centuries before.
Kortrijk	Western Flanders		One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	The extensive fortifications of Courtrai have been demolished during the mid-18th century. The only remains are the Medieval Broel towers, standing on either side of the river Lys. A foundation of a defensive wall and a multi angular artillery tower, both situated adjacent to the church of Our Lady, form the last remnants of the first castle of Courtrai.
Leuven	Flemish Brabant		One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	Several dilapidated towers and fragments of the Romanesque 12th-century first wall of Leuven can be found throughout the city centre, although a sizeable portion collapsed due to negligence in February, 2011. Of the second wall, only the ground floor of a watchtower and the base of a watergate over the Dijle river still stand. The second wall was changed into a park in the 19th century, this park was largely destroyed and replaced by a ring road in the 20th century.
Liège	Liège		One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	Several towers and fragments of the medieval city wall remain on the slopes to the north of the old town. The south side of the citadel, featuring three bastions and two ravelins, remains intact. The rest of the citadel was demolished and now the site houses a large hospital. A ring of detached fortresses still encloses the city. In the 19th century, the Dutch constructed large fortress the Chartreuse heights to the east of the city. Although the eastern bastions have been demolished, most of this fortress still stands, be it in a ruinous state after having been neglected since the 1980s
Limbourg	Liège		Sizable parts of the fortifications remain intact.	Although partially demolished, sizable remnants of the city wall can still be seen, surrounding the upper town of Limbourg. The best preserved stretches are located on the eastern side of the old town.
Lo-Reninge	West Flanders		One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	Only the Westpoort, built around 1250 CE, and consisting of two small towers connected by an arch, remains.
Middelburg	West Flanders		Vestiges of the fortifications are visible in the landscape.	Nothing remains above ground of the earth bastions that surrounded this tiny village (which should not be confused with its nearby, much larger Dutch namesake), but the location and course of the defences can still be recognized from air.
Mechelen	Antwerpen		One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	Only the Brusselsepoort (Brussels Gate) remains of the old fortifications of Mechelen.
Menen	West Flanders	Yes	One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	Several fragments of the bastioned trace, first built by the French in the 17th century, but extensively rebuilt by the Dutch, remain. Two bastions are still remaining near the Sluizenkaai and Zwemkomstraat, though heavily built by houses. The casemates of one of the bastions remain intact and can be visited.
Mons	Hainaut		One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	Several fragments of the first city wall of mons have been preserved. Of the later defences, only two bastion-like structures remain to the south of the city centre, but the location of the fortifications can still be seen in the zig-zagging street pattern on the east side of the city.
Namur	Namur	Yes	One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	Of the defences of the city itself, the enormous arsenal building is the most notable remnant. Some remnants of the bastioned defences may be found in the Parc Louise Marie, as well as at the foot of the citadel. Only small fragments remain of the medieval city wall, most notably a strong round tower, now incorporated into the town hall as the city's belfry. The mighty citadel that grew out of the medieval count's castle, remains mostly intact and can be visited.
Ninove	East Flanders		One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	Only the Koepoort (Cow Gate) remains of the old walls of the town of Ninove.
Ostend	West Flanders		One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	A portion of the bastioned city wall remains to the south of the town center, transformed into a park. East of the harbor stands an old advanced fortification, known as the Halve Maan (Crescent Moon). A short distance further to the east stands the 19th-century Fort Napoleon, now a museum.
Philippeville	Namur	Yes	Vestiges of the fortifications are visible in the landscape.	Although the walls themselves were demolished in 1860, an extensive system of 17th-century underground passages remain. A portion of these fortifications is open to the public.
Thuin	Hainaut		One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	Several towers and fragments of wall remain around the old fortress town of Thuin, most notably to the south of the old town, above the Hanging Gardens.
Tongeren	Limburg	Yes	One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	Important parts of the 13th-century wall, including several towers and a gate, remain. Outside the medieval town, one can still find remnants of the first Roman wall, which enclosed a much larger area than the medieval wall. Of the much smaller second Roman wall, no above-ground remnants remain.
Tournai	Hainaut		One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	Remnants of fortifications can be found scattered throughout the old town. Of the first fortifications, several towers and a gate remain. Of the second medieval wall, a sizable portion remains to the south-east of the old city, while the Pont des Trous, although severely altered, remains an impressive example of a medieval water gate. A large round tower is all that remains from the fortress built by English king Henry VIII. Of the citadel, only the interior buildings remain, as well as several underground passages which ran underneath the bastions of the fortress.
Veurne	West Flanders		Vestiges of the fortifications are visible in the landscape.	The bendy route of the canal as well as the street plan around the city centre clearly indicate the location of the earthen bastions that used to surround the city.
Ypres	West Flanders	Yes	Sizable parts of the fortifications remain intact.	A wall with 3 unusually flat bastions defends the east side of the city. To the south a medieval gate and the lower portions of two medieval towers can be found. Both towers are defended by a ravelin. A park to the east of the city houses a number of underground passages belonging to outworks built by the Dutch.
Zandvliet	Antwerp		Vestiges of the fortifications are visible in the landscape.	The "Conterscherp" road follows the route of the former 17th-century defences around the city, giving the town centre a star shaped appearance from the air.
Zichem	Flemish Brabant		One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	The Maagdentoren (Maiden Tower) is what remains of the medieval town walls. A ring road indicates the trace of the now demolished fortifications.
Zoutleeuw	Flemish Brabant		One or more individual structures (Bastions, gates, towers, etc.) remain.	Remnants of the first 12th-century city wall and a gate can be found incorporated in the old city hall and the adjacent house. Outside the city, a bridge over the river Gete incorporates a partial reconstruction of a 14th-century watergate belonging to the second wall. To the south of the city, several low hills in the landscape indicate the position of a Spanish-built citadel. To the east of the old town stands the “Heksenkot”, a tower of the old city wall.

Place	Province	Accessible	Condition	Notes
Bihać	Una-Sana Canton	yes	some edifices remaine
Bobovac	Central Bosnia Canton	yes	ruined, royal chapel restored	medieval royal seat of Bosnian Kingdom
Daorson	Herzegovina-Neretva Canton	yes	cyclopean walls remain	Built around a prehistoric central fortified settlement or acropolis (between cca. 17-16th to the end of the Bronze Age, cca. 9-8th c. BCE), surrounded by cyclopean walls (similar to Mycenae) dated to the 4th c. BCE.^[12]^[13]
Walled city of Jajce	Central Bosnia Canton	yes	good
Walled town of Počitelj	Herzegovina-Neretva Canton	yes	good
Walled city of Vratnik	Sarajevo Canton	yes	good	Vratnik is one of Sarajevo oldest neighborhoods

Place	Province	Accessible	Condition	Notes
Buje
Dubrovnik	Dubrovnik-Neretva County	yes	good	Dubrovnik has well-preserved city fortifications including towers, gate, rampart walk and two citadels guarding the docks. Walls of Dubrovnik are among the finest and most complete in Europe.
Diocletian's Palace	Split	yes	good	A good portion of the walls of Diocletian's Palace still survive to this day, including 3 gates and long stretches of the fortified defensive Roman walls. Most of the towers are now demolished, apart from 3 square towers, each of them located at a corner of the palace. North of the town center are the remains of a bastion trace, which includes portions of the walls and a bastion located in a park.
Grožnjan
Hvar		yes	good
Korčula		yes	good	City gate
Krk		yes		Krk city walls which obtained their current appearance between the 12th and the 15th centuries but the town itself was fortified since Roman period.
Karlovac				Karlovac city walls, built in 1579 as a six-point star with bastions.
Omišalj
Oprtalj
Motovun		yes	good
Nin		yes
Novigrad
Novigrad
Pag
Poreč		yes
Primošten
Roč
Rovinj		yes
Senj				City gate
Walls of Ston		yes	good	Fortification walls between Mali Ston and Ston were built in 14th and 15th centuries, at the isthmus of the Pelješac peninsula, to the north of Dubrovnik; 890 meters long town wall and 5 km Great Wall outside the town Ston.
Šibenik		yes
Trogir		yes	good	City gate
Zadar		yes	good	Zadar retains about half of its wall.

Place	Condition	Notes
Famagusta	Intact	Main article: Fortifications of Famagusta The first major fortification in Famagusta was the Othello Tower, which was built by the Lusignans in the 14th century and was later modified by the Venetians. The latter also built city walls in the 15th and 16th centuries, and they remain intact today.
Nicosia	Intact	Main article: Walls of Nicosia The first fortifications in Nicosia were built in the 13th and 14th century. The Venetians demolished the medieval fortifications and replaced them with a circular bastioned enceinte in the late 1560s. The walls remain largely intact except for some breaches.
Kyrenia	The remains include some stretches of wall, three towers and a town gate. The Castle is Intact.	The first major fortification in Kyrenia was the Kyrenia Castle, which was built by the Bizantin era. In the 14th century the Lusignans modified the Castle and also built the city walls. Most of the walls were demolished in 1570 after the surrender of the city to the Turks after the fall of Nicosia. Because Famagusta was still resisting, the Turks demolished much of the walls for fear of revolt or attack by the Venetians and the Great Christian Armada. They only kept the towers of the walls for better coverage and the castle.

Place	County	Notes
Ardee	County Louth
Athenry	County Galway
Athlone	County Westmeath
Bandon	County Cork
Carlingford	County Louth
Cashel	County Tipperary
Clonmel	County Tipperary
Cork	County Cork
Drogheda	County Louth	Saint Laurence Gate, Drogheda is an original barbican dating from the 13th century. The barbican is widely regarded as one of the finest of its kind in Europe.^[14] Another town gate survives in Drogheda, the Buttergate. It is thought to have been used as a pedestrian entrance to the town as no road ran to or from it.
Fethard	County Tipperary	still retains over a kilometer of medieval town wall – 90% of the circuit. Some sections survive to a height of over 8 meters (26 feet)plus).
Dublin	County Dublin
Galway	County Galway
Kilkenny	County Kilkenny
Kilmallock
Limerick	County Limerick
New Ross	County Wexford
Rindoon / Lecarrow	County Roscommon	The best preserved abandoned medieval town in Ireland
Trim	County Meath
Waterford	County Waterford
Wexford	County Wexford
Youghal	County Cork

Place	Region	Condition	Notes
Birgu	South Eastern Region	Mostly intact	Main article: Fortifications of Birgu An ancient Castrum Maris stood in Birgu since the 13th century. This was rebuilt as Fort St Angelo in the 16th and 17th centuries, when walls surrounding the entire city were built. Most of the fortifications are intact, except for a small part which was destroyed in a magazine explosion in 1806.
Cospicua	South Eastern Region	Mostly intact	Main articles: Santa Margherita Lines and Cottonera Lines The fortifications were built by the Order of Saint John in the 17th and 18th centuries. The city was heavily bombed in the Second World War, but its fortifications remain largely intact although they are in need of restoration.
Floriana	South Eastern Region	Mostly intact	Main article: Floriana Lines The area was fortified in the 17th century when the Floriana Lines were built. The walls remain largely intact, although in a rather dilapidated state.
Mdina	Northern Region	Intact	Main article: Fortifications of Mdina The town was first fortified by the Phoenicians, and the current fortifications are based on those built by the Arabs in the 9th to 11th centuries. The fortifications were extensively modified in the Middle Ages, and then by the Order of Saint John until the 18th century. The walls were recently restored, and they are some of the best preserved fortifications in Malta.
Senglea	South Eastern Region	Partly intact	Main article: Fortifications of Senglea The town was fortified in the 1550s by the Order of Saint John. Most of its fortifications including Fort Saint Michael were dismantled in the 19th and 20th centuries, and the walls sustained damage in World War II. However, some still survive to this day, including the impressive seaward bastions and part of the land front.
Valletta	South Eastern Region	Mostly intact	Main article: Fortifications of Valletta The fortifications of Valletta were built by the Order of Saint John between 1566 and 1571, and continued to be modified several times in the following centuries. The City Gate was rebuilt five times, the latest one being completed in 2014. The fortifications of Valletta remain intact, except for a lunette that was demolished in the 19th century and some breaches in the walls.
Victoria	Gozo Region	Intact (Cittadella) Demolished (city walls)	Main article: Cittadella (Gozo) The area was first fortified in the Bronze Age, and was one of the earliest settlements on the Maltese islands. It became the administrative centre of Gozo during Punic-Roman rule. The city of Rabat (now also known as Victoria) was fortified during the Middle Ages, with the acropolis of the Roman city being converted into a castle known as the Cittadella. The city walls were demolished in the 17th century, and at this point the Cittadella was rebuilt by the Order of Saint John. No remains of the city walls survive, but the Cittadella survives intact.

Place	County	Condition	Notes
Alnwick	Northumberland	Grade 1 listed Bondgate (Hotspur Gateway) and section of wall remain of medieval defences, Pottergate Tower is C18 rebuild of medieval gate and may incorporate some medieval fabric.
Bath	Somerset	Several fragments of the medieval wall still survive. The East Gate is the only remaining gateway.	The length of wall opposite the Mineral Water Hospital is largely a reconstruction of the medieval wall. By far the best length, over 160 ft, could until 1963 be seen on the site cleared by an air-raid in 1940. This was the SE corner of the medieval city. The remains of this wall now lie buried below the floor of the new Woolworths store.
Berwick-upon-Tweed	Northumberland	The Elizabethan ramparts with their bastions, gateways and earthworks survive.	Spades Mire is an earthwork linear ditches, possibly forming an outer line of defence for medieval Berwick. Situated on the south side of the ditch are traces of an accompanying rampart, now much spread and up to 13m wide. The Lord's Mount is a massive curved stone bulwark which was built in the 1540s to protect the town walls at their weakest point.
Bridgnorth	Shropshire	The North Gate is still present, the site of the former Postern Gate still very visible; and parts of the wall now form garden walls in various parts of the town.	Bridgnorth's town walls were initially constructed in timber between 1216 and 1223; murage grants allowed them to be upgraded to stone between the 13th and 15th centuries.^[19]
Bristol	Bristol	Most of the walls were demolished in 1760, although traces and one city gate remain.	The walls were initially raised by Geoffrey de Montbray, a Norman nobleman who built Bristol Castle.
Canterbury	Kent	Over half of the original circuit survives, including Westgate, the largest surviving city gate in England.	Originally fortified by the Romans
Carlisle	Cumbria	The castle and western walls largely survive.
Chester	Cheshire	Mostly intact	the city walls are one of the city's biggest tourist attractions. They were originally built by the Romans and continue to form a complete ring around much of the present-day city centre.
Chichester	West Sussex		The original Roman city wall was over 6 1⁄2 foot (2.0 m) thick with a steep ditch (which was later used to divert the River Lavant). It survived for over one and a half thousand years but was then replaced by a thinner Georgian wall.
Colchester	Essex	Approximately half of the walls remain.	The town was surrounded by a wall built by the Romans after Boudica had sacked the town.
Coventry	West Midlands	Two gates survive, connected by a section of wall that runs through Lady Herbert's Garden. Other small fragments dotted around the city centre, mainly hidden by modern buildings, include the remains of a bastion near Upper Well Street. Several fragments have been incorporated into newer buildings, including the Town Wall Tavern.^[20]	The walls were mostly demolished in 1662
Durham	County Durham	The Castle formed the largest part of Durham's defences, with the neighbouring "Backgate", demolished in the 1760s, which sat across Sadler Street. This was accompanied by a Gaol, which survived until the 1840s, remains of which are present in an alley off Sadler Street. Other walls surrounding the centre of Durham survive between the River Wear, and the houses lining a number of thoroughfares: Sadler Street, North Bailey, South Bailey, and Palace Green. The street names North Bailey and South Bailey are testament to this fact.	It is debatable just how defensive these walls were, and some parts have since become garden walls. The archway of a Water Gate survives where South Bailey meets Prebends' Bridge.
Exeter	Devon	The walls comprise Roman, Anglo-Saxon and medieval elements. 72% of the circuit survives.
Great Yarmouth	Norfolk	About two-thirds of the wall remains. Of the original eighteen towers, eleven survive.	The walls date back to the Middle Ages
Hartlepool	County Durham		Dating from the late 14th century, the limestone wall once enclosed the whole of the medieval town.
Hereford	Herefordshire
Kingston upon Hull	East Riding of Yorkshire
Leicester	Leicestershire	Mostly demolished in the 16th century.	The city walls were originally built by the Romans and most of them still remained by the 15th century, however archaeological evidence suggests that they were partially destroyed and rebuilt a number of times, including after the 1173 rebellion.^[21]
Lincoln	Lincolnshire	Fragmentary remains
London	Greater London	Fragments of London's Wall, the wall that once surrounded the Roman town of Londinium, are still visible just outside the Museum of London and at Tower Hill in the City of London.
Ludlow	Shropshire	Good lengths of the wall remain and a number of the gates too
Newcastle upon Tyne	Tyne and Wear	Much of the town wall was demolished during the late 18th and early 19th centuries but several sections still remain.
Norwich	Norfolk
Oxford	Oxfordshire	Major fragments are preserved in the gardens of New College and Merton College and as part of the exterior wall of Pembroke College on Brewer Street.
Rochester	Kent		The city walls were first built by the Romans.
Rye	East Sussex		In 1377 the town was sacked by the French, after which the city walls were completed as a defence against foreign raiders.
Salisbury	Wiltshire	Around the original medieval city, including the cathedral and the close.
Shrewsbury	Shropshire	One long section remains along the 'Town Walls' road; other shorter sections exist, such as behind Newport House on Dogpole, and near Shrewsbury Castle
Southampton	Hampshire	Lengthy sections of Southampton town walls remain, especially to the south and west.
Wareham	Dorset	Wareham town defences consist of an earthen rampart and ditch.	The best preserved Saxon town walls in England
Warwick	Warwickshire	Two of the three main gates of the Norman town wall survive.
Winchelsea	East Sussex	Three of four gateways survive from the walls built c. 1415; Strand Gate (late 13th century), Pipewell or Land Gate (rebuilt, early 15th century) and New Gate (late 13th century).
Winchester	Hampshire	Walls fragmentary, but traceable throughout their length. Repaired in 14th and 15th centuries. Limestone rubble. South east corner of full height complete with battlements. Walls shared by the city, Wolvesey Palace, Cathedral Close and Wolvesey Castle. Two gates remain. Wall ran along line of Roman Wall."
Worcester	Worcestershire	Remains of the Worcester city walls can still be seen
York	North Yorkshire	the extensive city walls are the longest and most complete in England, lacking only a few short sections and most of the posterns.

Place	County	Condition	Notes
Bangor	County Down
Carrickfergus	County Antrim	Only a few fragments of the walls remain
Derry	County Londonderry	Completely intact	The city walls were completed in 1619, it was the last walled city to be built in Europe the walls are entirely intact (the only city on the island of Ireland to hold this distinction). The walls withstood several sieges, including the Siege of Derry in 1689. As the walls were never breached the city gained its nickname as "the maiden city".

Place	Condition	Notes
Dundee	Only one section of the city walls remain	First constructed in 1545, the Wishart Arch.
Edinburgh	Fragments of the 16th-century Flodden Wall and 17th-century Telfer Wall remain.	Walls were first constructed in the 12th century, although none of these remain today.
Stirling	5 significant segments of the 16th century town wall remain, including two defensive bastions.	The irregular 7m high and 1.8m thick wall was constructed to defend the southern and western approaches to the town, and today is bordered by the public walkway "the back walk"
St Andrews	Only two city gates remain.

Walled_city

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