Wanetsi
Wanetsi
Pashto dialect spoken in northeastern Balochistan
Waṇetsi (Waneci: وڼېڅي), commonly called Tarīno (Waneci: ترينو), and sometimes Tsalgari (Waneci: څلګري), is a distinct variety of Pashto and is considered by some to be a different language. In some cases, Wanetsi shares similarities with the Pamir language of Munji, being a sort of bridge between the former and Pashto.[2] It is perhaps a representation of a more archaic, or very early, form of Pashto.[3]
| Wanetsi | |
|---|---|
| وڼېڅي | |
| Native to | Pakistan |
| Region | Balochistan |
Native speakers | 150,000 (2020)[1] |
| Pashto alphabet | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | wne |
| Glottolog | wane1241 |
It is spoken by the Tareen, Mashwani and other Pashtun tribes in Balochistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, primarily in Harnai (هرنای) (Harnai District) and Chawter (چوتېر) area in Sanjawi, Northern Balochistan, Pakistan.[2] The language is at risk due to lack of attention and not liking it as a language by foreigners.[4]
Professor Prods Oktor Skjærvø states:[5]
"The Pashto area split into two dialect groups at a pre-literary period, represented today on the one hand by all the dialects of modern Pashto and on the other by Waṇeci and by archaic remains in other Southeast dialects"
— page 386
According to Encyclopædia Iranica Waṇetsi branched off from the other Pashto dialects in the Middle Iranian stage:[6]
Some of Waṇetsi's particularities (e.g. šwī “twenty,” mōš “we,” [a]γa “of;” the pres. endings; retention of rž; loss of -t-) prove that it must have split off from Paṣ̌to at an early Middle Iranic stage, considerably before the constitution of a standard Paṣ̌to. They can scarcely have developed after the arrival of the Waṇetsi speakers in their present home, which is in no way topographically cut off from the rest of Paṣ̌to territory. These speakers must rather represent the forerunners of the main Paṣ̌tūn movement towards the east, but when and where they split off is at present impossible to say.
— Section F.
Research
The first known linguistic research was conducted in 1929 by Georg Morgenstierne on Waṇetsi.[7] Since then linguists like Josef Elfenbein have worked and researched on this archaic Pashto dialect.[8][9][10] In his book, Syed Khair Muhammad Arif, "Tarin aw Tarīno" has also included a small dictionary of Waṇetsi.[11] ٙBut much work remains to be done on understanding Waṇetsi.[12]
Poetry
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The Waṇetsi Poet Nizamuddin Nizami Tarin, a Spin Tarin from Chawter, has also compiled poetry in the language. An excerpt from his poem in Waṇetsi:
نيکۀ څېنه بړ سړا ده څۀ اړ توني چي بسيا ده |
How strong/capable grandfather is, that in a hill-locked place [lit. tied place] he is prosperous. |
| —نظام الدین نظامي ترين |
Music
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The singer Khayam Tareen (خيام ترين) has also sung songs in Waṇetsi.[4]
Consonants
Vowels
- Josef Elfenbein states: "ī and ū are not phonemically distinct from i and u respectively, and are pronounced [i] and [u] respectively when unstressed (and not [ɪ] and [ʊ] as in Kākaṛī), and [iː] and [uː] when stressed."[15]
- There is a marked spontaneous tendency to palatalize "ī" as "yī" and "ē" as "yē"; and to labialize "ū" as "wū" and "ō" as "wo". Initial delabialization is common in "wū" as "ū" and "wō" as "ō".[14]
- The stressed short "á" is often lengthened, and an unstressed long "ā" shortened.[14]
- The standard weakening of final vowels in Waṇetsi makes the masculine-feminine gender distinction much less audible: [ə] and [a] are not phonemically distinct when unstressed in any position. But stressed final ә́ is kept apart from stressed á as in general Pashto.[14]
Nasalisation
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Waṇetsi also has vowel nasalisation which is transcribed as / ̃/ or ں in the Pashto alphabet.
Stress
Verbs
Like Pashto, verbs have final stress in the imperfective aspect and initial stress in the perfective aspect.
| Imperfective
(mostly Final Stress) |
Meaning | Perfective
(Initial Stress) |
Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| چينستي
čīnastī́ |
I was sitting | چينستي
čī́nastī |
I sat down |
Examples:
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| Examples | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Waṇetsi | Southeastern Pashto | Translation | |
| Impefective
(čīnastī́) |
زې چينستي خو اغه راغيا | زه کښېناستم خو هغه راغله | I was sitting [or about to sit] that she came |
| ze čīnastī́ xo áğa rā́ğyā | zə kšenāstə́m xo hağá rā́ğla | ||
| Perfective
(čī́nastī) |
زې چينستي | زه کښېناستم | I sat |
| ze čī́nasti | zə kšénāstəm | ||
Words
Stress can also change the meaning of words, as in Pashto.
Example:
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| Word | IPA: following general stress pattern [penultimate syllable] | Meaning 1 | IPA: following exception stress pattern | Meaning 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| جوړه | /ˈd͡ʒoː.ɽa/ | well/healthy [feminine];
agreement/peace |
/d͡ʒoː.ˈɽa/ | a pair |
| Transliteration | jṓṛa | jōṛá |
Tarīno is subdivided into the Harnāi variety and the Chawter variety.
Adpositions
Possessive
The possessive postposition غه is used instead of د[16]
| Waṇetsi | General Pashto | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| غه
ğa |
د
dә |
of |
Example:
| Waṇetsi | Southeastern | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sentence | [2] اندي وګړي چي موش پيار غه څټ لېژدي وي | په دې کلي کې زموږ د پلار ډېر غويان وو | In this village our father had many bulls. |
| indī́ wagaṛī́ čī moš pyār ğa tsaṭ leždī́ wī | pə de kə́li ke zmuž də plār ḍer ğwayā́n wu |
Idiomatic Expression
Tareeno also varies from Pashto in idiomatic expression.
Example:
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نهير1 /nahī́r/ “thought” - used with the verb to hit
| Tareeno | Southeastern Pashto | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ته دا نهير وله | ته داسې سوچ وکړه | Think like this | |
| tə dā nahīr wū́la | |||
| you this thought hit [imperative] | you like-this thought do [imperative] |
Verbal Suffixes
First Person Suffix
The first person verbal suffixes also change:
| Waṇetsi | Pashto | Translation | Change noted |
|---|---|---|---|
| زې کي
ze ki |
زه کوم
zә kawә́m |
I do | م ← ي
i ←әm |
| زې وايي
ze wāyi |
زه وايم
zә wāyә́m |
I say |
Second Person Suffix
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Some verbal suffixes like the feminine third person suffix [ه and ې] are the same:
| Waṇetsi | Pashto | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| وياړه
wyā́ṛa |
لاړه
lā́ṛa |
She went |
| go:Aorist:Past:3Person:Singular:Feminine | ||
| وياړې
wyā́re |
لاړې
lā́re |
They [females] went |
| go:Aorist:Past:3Person:Plural:Feminine | ||
Third Person Suffix
Past Suffix
Like standard Pashto the third person suffix for verbs with the root وتل the third person past suffix is different for the singular and plural.
| Waṇetsi | Meaning | Standard |
|---|---|---|
| دغه سړا وته چووت
dága saṛá watə čə́wot |
that man entered it | دغه سړی ور ته ننووت
dága saṛáy war tə nə́nawot |
| دغه سړي وته چواته
dága saṛí watə čə́wātə |
those men entered it | دغه سړی ور ته ننواته
dága saṛí war tə nə́nātə |
Poetry
The following is provided by Zamir Gulbahar (ظمير ګلبهار), a Tareeno poet from Harnai:
| Waṇetsi | Pashto |
|---|---|
دلته مزي کزي کار ده |
دلته زورور او کمزوری کار دی |
Lexical Comparison
The following list has been provided by the Waṇetsi poet Nizamuddin Nizami
| Waṇetsi Pashto | Southeastern Pashto | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|---|
| تره ژمي | taražmī́ | ترژومۍ | the time of the evening where the darkness has not been fully come;
the night where the moon is hidden |
| غوبله | ğūblə́ | قبله | Kiblah |
| لهه | láha | شېله | a watercourse in which rain water flows
and ultimately joins a river |
| لهړ | laháṛ | مانده | weak; tired |
| ژله | žə́la | ږغل | sludge, gravel |
| کولي | kūlí | کوډل | shack |
| پرڅله | partsála | برنډه | veranda |
| ګوګ | gōg | روشندان | roshandan; combined skylight and ventilating window. |
| ارغولا | arğōlá | کچن | kitchen |
| غوله | ğṓla | صحن | patio |
| اربوی | orbṓy | هوېلي | haveli |
| درګه | dárga | دروازه | door |
| لېښت | lešt | لښته | stick |
| کاوي | kā́wi | لوښي | dishes |
| غاب | ğāb | پلېټ | plate |
| منګوټا | mangōṭá | کټو | cooking pot |
| چمچره | čimčarə́ | چمچي | spoon |
| کړېڅي | kṛetsí | د لرګي چمچي | a wooden spon |
| شپې تنا | špe tə̃ná | د شپې ځای | the place for the night |
| رېبون | rebún | قميص | shirt |
| بخڅه | buxtsə́ | پرس | purse |
| لاس وينځونه | lās winzū́na | واشبېسن, سلمچي | washbasin |
| ګوډي | guḍī́ | غړک | the handle for the press used to make buttermilk |
| بدني | badnī́ | لوټه | a small jug/bucket |
| دنګ | dang | بوتل | bottle |
| مېژوا | mežwá | مېژوی | peg; tethering post; tied on a horse |
| خولبزه | xōlbáza | سرپوښ | lid, dish cover |
| لېڅکي | letskí | رسۍ | rope |
| تبخا | tabxá | تبخی | a flat pan |
| منګا | mangá | منګی | earthenware waterpot |
| رنګلون | ranglū́n | د رنګ لوټه | a container for colour |
| وړکې | waṛáke | وړۍ | wool |
| پوړدګ | pōrdág | پرتوګ | pant |
| پاخلې | pā́xle | پایڅې | the openings of a pant near the ankle; cuffs/hems |
| پټکا | paṭká | پټکی | turban |
| ییر | yayə́r | راشن | ration |
| غوړنه | ğwaṛə́na | کتنپلاوی | overseer/oversight |
| توڼه | tū́ṇa | بازار | market |
Sentence Comparison
Sample 1
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The following examples have been provided by Nizamuddin Nizami
| Sample 1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Sentence No.
[for corresponding audio] |
Waṇetsi | General | Translation |
| 1 | خور کور مې اغه توني ته نزدې ده | د خور کور مې هغې ځای ته نژدې دی | My sister's house is near to that place |
| xūr kōr me áğa tūni tə nizdé da | də xor kor me háğe dzāy tə niždé day | ||
| 2 | زې اوبه غوزي | زه اوبه څښم | I am drinking water |
| ze obə́ ğozí | zə obə́ čšə́m | ||
| 3 | موش څه غندم وکورو بیار بې وته درمو | موږ چې غنم وکرو نو بيا به ورځو | Once we plant the wheat, then we will go [to them] |
| moš tsə ğandə́m wə́ kōru byār be watə dramū́ | muž če ğanə́m wə́ karu no byā ba war dzú | ||
| 4 | ته غره یې کوز سه بیار به دې وسره خبرې وکي | ته د غرۀ نه راکوشه نو بيا به در سره خبررې وکړم | You come down from the mountain, then i will talk to you |
| tə ğrə ye kū́z sa byār bə de wasará xabə́re wə́ kī | tə də ğrə na rā́kuša no byā bə dar sará xabə́re wə́ kṛam | ||
| 5 | آ چوره دې لونډه خوره | هغه نجلۍ ډوډۍ خوري | That girl over there is eating food |
| ā čwára de lū́nḍa xwrə́ | háğa njalə́i ḍoḍə́i xwri | ||
| 6 | ما لوشي واخسته | ما جامې واغستې | I wore clothes |
| mā lōší wā́xstə | mā jāmé wāğaste | ||
| 7 | ته بي ښار ته ویاړې | ته بل ښار ته لاړې | You went to anothercity |
| tə bi šār tə wyā́ṛe | tə bəl šār tə lā́ṛe | ||
| 8 | زمي چي دلته واوره ورېده | ژمي کې دلته واوره ورېده | In winter it was snowing here |
| zə́mi či də́lta wā́wra waredá | žə́mi ke də́lta wā́wra waredá | ||
| 9 | مور یې مچنې ډلي | مور يې مېچنې ګرځولې | His/her/there mother was working the hand-mills |
| mor ye mečə́ne ḍalī́ | mor ye mečə́ne gardzawlé | ||
| 10 | ما واده چي لبه که | زه ګډېدم په وادۀ کې | I was dancing in the wedding |
| mā wādə́ či lába ká | zə gaḍedə́m pə wādə́ ke | ||
| 11 | ته بډا سوې | ته بوډه شوې | You have become old |
| tə buḍā́ swe | tə budá šwe | ||
| 12 | اغه ښځې اندي توني يه اورته ویاړه | هغه ښځه دې ځاي نه هلته لاړه | That woman went from this place to therere |
| áğa šə́dze indī́ tūní ya ortá wyā́ṛa | háğa šə́dza de dzáyi na hálta lā́ṛa | ||
Sample 2
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The following examples have been provided by Nizamuddin Nizami
| Sample 2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Sentence No.
[fore corresponding audio] |
Waṇetsi | General | Translation |
| 1 | کاډي وچلوه | ګاډی وچلوه | Drive the car |
| gā́di wə́ čalawa | gā́day wə́ čalawa | ||
| 2 | ته اورته مه درمه | ته هاغې خوا ته مه ځه | Don't go to that side [over there] |
| tə ortá mə́ dramá | tə háğe x̌wā tə mə́ dza | ||
| 3 | اور بلو ده که مړ | اور بل دی که مړ | Is the fire alight/burning or extinguished |
| awə́r baláw da kə maṛ | or bal day kə maṛ | ||
| 4 | اغه خلک دې ارغولي اوره مندې کاوي چینه وین | هغوی خلک د نغري په اور لوښي اېږدي | Those people keep dishware on hearth's fire |
| áğa xalák de arğōlí awrə́ məndé kā́wi čīna wī́n | hağúi xalák də nağarí pə or lóši iždí | ||
| 5 | درګه بند نه وي نو دغه سړا وته چوت | ور بند نه و نو دغه سړی پې ور ننوت | The door was not closed so the man entered [through it] |
| dárga band nə́ wi no dáğa saṛá watə čəwṓt | war band nə wə no dáğa saṛáy pe war nənawát | ||
| 6 | اس پرېووت | اس پرېووت | The horse feel |
| as préwōt | as préwot | ||
| 7 | څوړي لا وړې دي او نهړې دي داګایه دې نه سین الوتا | مرغۍ لا وړې او کمزورې دي ځکه نه شي اوتلې | The birds are yet small and weak they cannot fly |
| tsū́ṛi lā waṛé di aw nahṛé di dāgā́ya de nə́ sīn alwatā | marğə́i lā waṛé aw kamzóre di dzə́ka nə ši alwatə́le | ||
| 8 | ونه دې پرې که ده | ونه دې پرې کړې ده | Have you cut the tree
/ You have cut the tree |
| wə́na de pré ka da | wə́na de pré kaṛe da | ||
| 9 | اغه مځکې یه غندم ورېبه | هغې ځمکې نه غنم ورېبه | Reap wheat from that land |
| ága mdzə́ke ya ğandə́m wə́ reba | háğe dzmə́ke na ğanə́m wə́ reba | ||
| 10 | څه ووړه تېر سه نو بې اسپې تا مندې خرڅې کي | اوړي تېر شي نو اسپې به در باندې خرڅوم | Let the summer pass then I will sell the horse on you |
| tsə wōṛá ter sa no be áspe tā mənde xartse kí | óri ter ši no áspe bə dar bā́nde xartsawə́m | ||
| 11 | تا کور کم وګړي چي ده | ستا کور کوم کلي کې دی | In which village is your house |
| tā kor kam wagaṛī́ či da | stā kor kom kə́li ke day | ||
| 12 | دا چوره څو کالو غه ده | دا نجلۍ د څو کالو ده | How old is this girl |
| dā čwára tso kā́lo ğa da | dā njlə́i də tso kā́lo da | ||
Sample 3
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The following examples have been provided by Nizamuddin Nizami
| Sentence No.
[fore corresponding audio] |
Waṇetsi | General | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ته چرې یې | ته چېرته يې | Where are you |
| tə čáre ye | tə čérta ye | ||
| 2 | دغه خوا یه راغا | دغې خوا نه راغی | He came from that direction |
| dága xwā ya rā́ğā | dáğe xwā na rā́ğay | ||
| 3 | که تاس ویو او موش ویو نو بې هېڅ نه سین | که تاسو يئ او موږ يو نو هيڅ به نه کېږي | If you are there and we are there nothing will happen |
| kə tās wyō aw moš wyū no be hets nə sī́n | kə tā́so yəi aw muž yu no hits bə nə kéži | ||
| 4 | میر ما مخ ته ده | لمر زما مخې ته دی | The sun is to my front |
| mīr mā məx tə da | lmar zmā mə́xe tə day | ||
| 5 | اغه چوره څه لویه سین نو اله بې وته واک سپاري | هغه هلک چې لوی شي نو هله به ورته دا واک سپارم | When that boy grows up then I will entrust with this authority |
| áğa čorá tsə lōyá sīn no ála be watə wāk spāri | háğa halə́k če loy ši no hála bə war tə dā wāk spārə́m | ||
| 6 | دا دریاب چي پارند بېړي ډبه سوه | په دې سيند کې پرون بېړۍ ډوبه شوه | In this river, yesterday a ship sank |
| dā daryā́b či pārə́nd beṛi ḍə́ba swa | pə de sind ke parún beṛə́i ḍúba šwa | ||
| 7 | سېبه درختو چي پیخه سو | مڼې په ونو کې پخې شوې | The apples ripened in the trees |
| sebə́ dəraxtó či pīxə́ su | maṇé pə wə́no ke paxé šwe | ||
| 8 | سېبه دې درختو چي پیخه سین | مڼې په ونې کې پخېږي | The apples are ripening in the trees |
| sebə́ de dəraxtó či pīxə sī́n | maṇé pə wə́ne ke paxéži | ||
| 9 | زې لا اورته نه یي ید څه ویاړسي تا ته بې اوایي | زه لا هلته نه يم تللی چې لاړشم تا ته به وويم | I have not gone there yet when I go I will tell you |
| ze lā ortá nə yi yad tsə wyāṛsī́ tā tə be uwayī́ | za lā hálta nə yam tlə́lay če lā́ṛšam tā tə bə wə́ wayəm | ||
| 10 | سترګې ېې شنې دي | سترګې ېې شنې دي | His/her eyes are green |
| stə́rge ye šne dī | stə́rge ye šne di | ||
| 11 | تر یه دوه درې څلورو پورې دې خالي ویا سي | تر يو دوه درې څلور پورې تش ویلی شم | I cam only say till one two three |
| tər yə duə dre tsalór póre de xālí wayā́ si | tər yaw dwa dre tsalór póre taš wayə́lay šam | ||
| 12 | دا کپړه سره او کربي ده | دا کپړه سره او ښکلې ده | This cloth is red and beautiful |
| dā kapṛá sra aw kə́rbī da | dā kapṛá sra aw škʊ́le da |
Sample 4
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The following examples have been provided by Nizamuddin Nizami
| Sentence No.
[fore corresponding audio] |
Waṇetsi | General | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | میر دې دو ګوتو پورې نس پټ | لمر په دوو ګوتو نه پټېږي | The sun does not hide by two fingers [a matal] |
| mīr de dwū/dū gwə́to pṓre nə́s paṭ | lmar dwo gwə́to nə́ paṭéži | ||
| 2 | سونډې مندې مېچ مه انه (مانه) | په پوزې مچ مه پرېږده | Don't let a fly on your nose
[a matal] |
| sū́nḍe mə́nde meč mə́ ana [mā́na] | pə póza məč mə́ prežda | ||
| 3 | غوا یې ولوېسیا بیار یې پرې وښه اوخواړ | غوا يې ولوشله او بيا يې پرې واښه وخوړل | He/she milked the cow and then he/she made it eat hay/herbage |
| ğwā ye wə́ lwesyā byār ye pre wašə́ ō-xwāṛ | ğwā ye wə́ lwəšəla aw byā ye pre wāšə́ wə́ xwaṛəl | ||
| 4 | آ اورې چرګانو هویې واچې | هاغو لرې خوا ته چرګانو هګۍ واچولې | The sun is to my front |
| ā ōre čərgā́no hóye wā́če | hā́ğo lə́re xwā tə čərgā́no hagə́i wā́čawəle | ||
| 5 | ته ځنې څو جګ یې | ته ترې څونه دنګ يې | From him/her how tall are you |
| tə dzə́ne tso jəg ye | tə tre tsóna dəng ye | ||
| 6 | دومبې سوچه مه وله | دومره سوچونه مه کوه | Don't think so much |
| dṓmbe sočə́ mə́ wula | dū́mra sočū́na mə́ kawa | ||
| 7 | ګامېښې دې ورسو چي غړېږین | مېښې دې ورشو کښې څرېدې | [Your] buffalos [feminine] were grazing in the pasture |
| gāméše de warsṓ cī gaṛežī́n | méše de waršó kše tsaredé | ||
| 8 | څپلي / چپړکې شپوکې که نا | څپلۍ/چپړې اغوندې که نه
also څپلۍ / چپړې په پښو کوې که نه |
Are you wearing the slipper or no |
| tsaplī́ / čapṛáke špoké kə nā | tsaplə́i / čapáṛa ağundé kə nə
also tsaplə́i / čapáṛa pə pšo kawé kə nə | ||
| 9 | اغې رېبون ونغاړي | هغې کميس ونغښتۀ | She folded the shirt |
| áğe rebū́n wə́ nğāṛī | hağé kamís wə́ nğaštə | ||
| 10 | رېبنان ونغاړه | کميسونه ونغاړه | Fold the shirts |
| rebnā́n wə́ nğāṛa | kamísū́na wə́ nğāṛa | ||
| 11 | ترژه ده او کهل مي ده | تږی دی او ستړی هم دی | He is thirsty and also tired |
| tə́rža da aw kahál mī da | tə́žay day aw stə́ṛay ham day | ||
| 12 | تا حق خالي خپل کار لا کړنګ ته ده کله مي کار مېوې ته نه | ستا حق تش خپل کار يا کړنې ته دی کله هم د کار مېوې ته نه | Your right is only to your own work or action never-ever to the fruit of action |
| tā hak xālī́ xpəl kār lā kṛang tə da kə́la mī kār mewé tə nə | stā hak taš xpəl kār yā kṛə́ne tə day kə́la ham də kār mewé tə nə |
Nouns - Morphology
Class 1
- Masculine Animate: mə́ser - elder (In general Pashto: mə́sər
- Masculine Animate: lewә́- wolf
- Masculine Animate: xar- donkey
- Masculine Animate: pšə́ - tom-cat (in general Pashto: piš)
- Masculine Inanimate: dārū́ - medicine
- Masculine Inanimate: kor - house
- Feminine Animate: pšī - cat (in general Pashto: piśó)
- Feminine Inanimate: lyār - way (in general Pashto: lār)
- Feminine Inanimate: xwā́šī - mother-in-law
- Feminine Inanimate: čaṛə́ - mother-in-law
- Feminine Inanimate: lergā́ - stick
Class 2
- Masculine Animate: yirźá - bear (in general Pashto: يږ [yәẓ̌, yәg, yәź])
- Masculine Animate: spa -dog (in general Pashto: spáy)
- Masculine Inanimate: wagaṛá -village (in general Pashto: kə́lay)
- Feminine Animate: spī - female-dog (in general Pashto spə́i)
Class 3
- Masculine Inanimate: špaźmi -moon (in general Pashto spoẓ̌mə́i, a feminine noun)
- Feminine Inanimate: méle -celebration (in general Pashto melá)
Class 4
- Masculine Animate: spor- horseman
- Masculine Inanimate: rebún - shirt
Class 5
- Masculine Animate: ğal
Agglutinative Formation
The (e)ya case is agglutinative.[14]
| Waṇetsi | General Pashto | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| šā ya | də/lə šā nə | from the back |
| tsā́h ya | lə tsā́h nə | from the well |
| tsā ya | lə cā nə | from whom |
| xalxó ya | lə xalkó nə | from the people |
Demonstratives
In Waṇetsi اغه [aɣa] functions for both Pashto دغه (this) and هغه (that).[14]
| Singular | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Masc. | Fem. | ||
| Direct | áğa | áğa
áğә |
áğa
áğe |
| Oblique | áğә | áğe | áğo
áğu |
Verb Infinitive
Where as General Pashto employs the ل [ә́l] to the past stem to make it infinitive, Waṇetsi employs نګ [ang] to the past stem to make it infinitive.[14]
| Waṇetsi | General Pashto | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| xwaṛang | xwaṛә́l | to eat |
| lambedang | lambedә́l | to bathe |
| wezang | waźә́l | to kill |
| wayang | wayә́l | to say |
| kṛang | kawә́l | to do |
| cinostang | kṣ̌enāstә́l | to sit |
- J. H. Elfenbein, (1984). "The Wanetsi Connexion: Part I". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1): 54–76.
- J. H. Elfenbein, (1984). "The Wanetsi Connexion: Part II". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (2): 229–241.
- J. H Elfenbein, (1967). "Lanḍa Zor Wəla Waṇecī". Archiv Orientální. XXXV: 563–606.
- Wanetsi at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024)
- "AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṧto, F. Waṇecī". G. Morgenstierne. Encyclopaedia Iranica Online Version. Archived from the original on 2012-01-22. Retrieved 2012-02-15.
Phonology. Ir. -d- > -l- as in Paṣ̌tō (mlā "waist," xwala "sweat") but -t- > y/0 (sī "one hundred," šwī < *wšī "twenty," piyār "father," left as relicts in Kāk. pyār and plyār). In this respect Waṇeci agrees with Munǰī, but not with Paṣ̌to.
- Morgenstierne, G. "AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṣ̌tō". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2021-05-20.
F. Waṇecī. (63) Except for a few details, Paṣ̌tō dialects can be derived from a prototype not essentially different from the classical 10th/16th century literary language; they do not to any significant extent help us to reconstruct a more archaic form of Paṣ̌tō. There is only one dialect which stands decidedly apart, i.e., Waṇ(ecī) (or Tarīno)
- "بلوچستان کې د پښتنو د ترینو لهجه چې پوهان وايي په ختمیدو ده". VOA (in Pashto). Retrieved 2021-03-21.
خو پوهان وايي په محدوده کچه د وویل کیدو له امله د ترینو لهجه د ختمیدو سره مخامخ ده
- Schmitt, Astrid (1989). "Pashto". Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum. L. Reichert. p. 386. ISBN 978-3-88226-413-5.
- "AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṣ̌tō". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
- Morgenstierne, Georg (1932). Report On a Linguistic Mission to North-Western India. pp. 12–14. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
- Elfenbein, Josef (1967). "Lanḍa Zor Wəla Waṇecī". Archiv Orientální. XXXV: 563–606.
- Elfenbein, J. (1984). "The Wanetsi Connexion. Part II: Glossary". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 116 (2): 229–241. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00163579. ISSN 0035-869X. JSTOR 25211709.
- Elfenbein, J. H. (1984). "The Wanetsi Connexion: Part I". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 116 (1): 54–76. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00166122. ISSN 0035-869X. JSTOR 25211626.
- ʻĀrif, Khayr Muḥammad (2011). Tarīn aw tarīno yaw tārīkhī aw taḥqīqī ṡeṛanah. Puṣhto Ikayḍīmī (Quetta, Pakistan). Koṭah: Puṣhto Akādimī Koṭah. LCCN 2011329618.
- "بلوچستان کې د پښتنو د ترینو لهجه چې پوهان وايي په ختمیدو ده". VOA (in Pashto). Retrieved 2021-03-21.
- Kaye, Alan S. (1997-06-30). Phonologies of Asia and Africa: (including the Caucasus). Eisenbrauns. p. 742. ISBN 978-1-57506-019-4.
- Kaye, Alan S. (1997-06-30). Phonologies of Asia and Africa: (including the Caucasus). Eisenbrauns. p. 750. ISBN 978-1-57506-019-4.
- Josef, Elfenbein. "Lanḍa, Zor Wəla! Waṇecī". Archiv Orientální. XXXV: 574.
