The Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants (ASRS) was a trade union of railway workers in the United Kingdom from 1872 until 1913.

The ASRS was an industrial union founded in 1871 with the support of the Liberal MP Michael Thomas Bass.^[2] Its early years were difficult. In 1872 the ASRS reported having 17,247 members but by 1882 this had declined to only 6,321.^[3]

In 1880 the ASRS's growth was challenged by the foundation of two railway craft unions: the Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen and the United Pointsmen and Signalmen's Society.^[3] A fourth union, the General Railway Workers' Union, was founded in 1889.^[3]

In 1899, the ASRS introduced a resolution at the Trades Union Congress to form a joint Labour Representation Committee with other trade unionist, socialist, and co-operative groups. This led to the formation of the Labour Party to contest parliamentary elections under the chairmanship of Ramsay MacDonald.^[4]

In 1900 the ASRS proposed amalgamation with ASLEF^[5] but ASLEF proposed federation with the drivers and firemen of the ASRS.^[6] A Scheme of Federation was drafted and ASLEF's triennial conference adopted it in 1903.^[5] There were joint meetings of the Executive Committees of the two unions until 1906 when relations broke down.^[7]

In 1907 the Board of Trade set up a Conciliation Board between railway employees and their employers, but its operation dissatisfied many workers and ASLEF's General Secretary nicknamed it the "Confiscation" Board.^[8] By this point, the ASRS had grown significantly, with 97,561 members in 1907, making it one of the country's largest trade unions.^[1]

In August 1911 the ASRS, ASLEF, GRWU and UPSS jointly called the United Kingdom's first national rail strike.^[9] In only two days the joint action succeeded in forcing the Liberal Government to set up a Royal Commission to examine the workings of the Conciliation Board.^[10]

In 1913 the ASRS, GRWU and UPSS merged, forming the National Union of Railwaymen.^[11]

The ASRS affiliated to the Labour Representation Committee when it was founded, in 1900, and sponsored candidates for the party and its successor, the Labour Party at each subsequent election. Several candidates were elected, including many in Derby, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and Stockport, who won one of the two seats available in each of those constituencies.