The Balleny Islands (66°55′S163°45′E) are a series of uninhabited islands in the Southern Ocean extending from 66°15' to 67°35'S and 162°30' to 165°00'E. The group extends for about 160km (99mi) in a northwest-southeast direction. The islands are heavily glaciated and of volcanic origin. Glaciers project from their slopes into the sea. The islands were formed by the so-called Balleny hotspot.
The group includes three main islands: Young, Buckle and Sturge, which lie in a line from northwest to southeast, and several smaller islets and rocks:
northeast of Young Island: Seal Rocks, Pillar
southeast of Young Island: Row Island, Borradaile Island (with Swan Base shelter hut)
south of Buckle Island: Scott Cone, Chinstrap Islet, Sabrina Islet (with Sabrina Refuge shelter hut), and the Monolith
The islands' area totals 400km2 (154sqmi) and the highest point has been measured as 1,705m (5,594ft)[1] or approximately 1,500m (5,000ft)[2] (the unclimbed Brown Peak on Sturge Island).
The English sealing captains John Balleny and Thomas Freeman first sighted the group in 1839.[3] Balleny named the island group after himself and the individual islands after the London merchants whose financial backing had made the expedition possible. Freeman was the first person to land on any of the islands on 9 February 1839, and this was the first human landfall south of the Antarctic Circle.
Sealers sighted the islands in 1853 but did not land.[4]
In February 2015 the islands were visited for three days by the New Zealand-Australia Antarctic Ecosystems Voyage under the auspices of the New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research aboard the vessel RV Tangaroa, with the objective of studying marine life ecosystems of the islands, especially with reference to the humpback whale.[5] This work followed up work done on a previous visit in 2010.
On 3 February 2017, personnel from the Swiss Polar Institute's Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition visited the islands and carried out considerable photographic and video survey work which was intended to contribute to the first accurate mapping of the main islands.[6] Most of the work was done by helicopter, although at least one landfall was also made on the islands by this expedition, using Zodiac inflatable boats.
It is possible that these islands are still volcanically active. The Brown Peak volcano may have had an eruption in 2001, based on satellite observation.[11]
Submerged features
Several underwater features lie close to the Balleny Islands:
Faure, Gunter; Mensing, Teresa M. (2010). The Transantarctic Mountains: Rocks, Ice, Meteorites and Water. New York: Springer. p.555. ISBN978-1-4020-8406-5.
"Report on Sturge Island (Antarctica) — May 2001". Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network. 26 (5). Smithsonian Institution. May 2001. doi:10.5479/si.GVP.BGVN200105-390012.
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