Ergun (Chinese: 额尔古纳市; Mongolian: ᠡᠷᠬᠥᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ), formerly Ergun Right Banner (Chinese: 额尔古纳右旗), is a county-level city in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia, containing the autonomous region's northernmost point. The city has an area of 28,958 square kilometres (11,181 sq mi),^[3] and a population of 79,155 as of the 2019.^{[4]: 20–1}

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Ergun 额尔古纳市 • ᠡᠷᠬᠥᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ
County-level city
Village on the Argun River
Ergun in Hulunbuir
Ergun Location in Inner Mongolia Show map of Inner Mongolia Ergun Ergun (China) Show map of China
Coordinates: 50°14′35″N 120°10′52″E
Country	China
Autonomous region	Inner Mongolia
Prefecture-level city	Hulunbuir
Municipal seat	Labdalin Subdistrict
Area [1]
• County-level city	28,400 km2 (11,000 sq mi)
• Urban	303.00 km2 (116.99 sq mi)
Population  (2020)[2]
• County-level city	68,482
• Density	2.4/km2 (6.2/sq mi)
• Urban [1]	38,100
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code	022050
Area code	0470
Website	www.eegn.gov.cn

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For most of its history, the region of present-day Ergun has not been controlled by Chinese states.^[5] The area first came under Chinese control during the Qing dynasty, when it was administered as part of Hulunbuir.^[5]

In 1908, the Jilalin Administrative Bureau (Chinese: 吉拉林设治局; pinyin: Jílālín Shèzhì Jú) was established to govern the area.^[5]

In 1920, the area was re-organized as the Qiqan Administrative Bureau (Chinese: 奇乾设治局; pinyin: Qíqián Shèzhì Jú), but the area was re-organized again in 1921 as Qiqan County (Chinese: 奇乾县; pinyin: Qíqián Xiàn).^[5]

In 1933, the area was re-organized as Ergun Right Banner (Chinese: 额尔古纳右旗; pinyin: É'ěrgǔnà Yòu Qí).^[5] From 1948 to 1966, Ergun Right Banner was merged with Ergun Left Banner [zh], which occupied present-day Genhe, as Ergun Left Banner.^[5] In 1994, Ergun Right Banner was abolished and the county-level city of Ergun was established.^[5]

Administratively, Ergun is part of the prefecture-level city of Hulunbuir, and spans 11.4% of Hulunbuir's area.^[3][6] It occupies 28,958 square kilometres (11,181 sq mi), bounded to the north and west by the Argun River, which forms China's border with Russia's Zabaykalsky Krai (formerly, Chita Oblast).^[3][7] The city's border with Russia spans 675 kilometres (419 mi).^[3] Ergun is also bordered by Genhe to the east, and the county-level city of Mohe in Heilongjiang to the northeast.^[3]

The city stands at the foothills of the Greater Khingan Mountains.^[3] 73.4% of the city's area is forested, with much of it being virgin forests.^[3][6] 17% of the city's area is natural grassland, particularly in the city's south, and 6% is cultivated.^[3]

Apart from the Argun River, major rivers in the city include the Delbur River [zh; ru], the Gen River [zh; ru], the Hawu'er River [zh], the Jiliu River [zh], the Wuma River [zh], and the Engh Had River [zh], all of which are tributaries of the Argun River.^[3]

• Jiqian (labelled as Ch'i-kan 奇乾) (1951)
• Map including part of Ergun (AMS, 1951)

Ergun is divided into 2 subdistricts, 3 towns, 1 township, 2 ethnic townships and 1 sum.^[13] The city's seat of government is located in Labdalin Subdistrict [zh; ru].^[3][14]

Ergun is one of the least populated county-level divisions of Inner Mongolia, with a population of 79,155 as of 2019, making it the 87th most populated of the autonomous region's 103 divisions.^{[4]: 20–1} This figure reflects a 1.0% decline from the 2018 population of 79,942.^{[4]: 20–37 [15]} As of 2010, Ergun had a population of 76,667.^[5]

Ergun's gross domestic product was ¥4.059 billion as of 2019,^{[4]: 20–37 [18]} and ¥4.519 billion as of 2018.^[15] As of 2018, 42.1% of the city's gross domestic product came from its primary sector, 11.1% came from its secondary sector, and 46.8% came from its tertiary sector.^[15] The city's public budget revenue in 2019 was ¥150.55 million, ranking 91st out of Inner Mongolia's 103 county-level divisions.^{[4]: 20–4} Its consumer retail sales totaled ¥1.826 billion, and its foreign trade totaled 56.32 million USD.^[15]

The average household disposable income of Ergun's residents totaled ¥30,371 in 2019, a 7.8% increase from the ¥28,173 reported in 2018.^{[4]: 20–37 [15]} For urban households, this number stood at ¥30,953 in 2019,^{[4]: 20–37} a 7.0% increase from the ¥28,928 reported in 2018,^{[4]: 20–37 [15]} which ranked 75th of the 101 county-level divisions in Inner Mongolia for which this statistic was reported.^{[4]: 20–5} Rural households in Ergun average ¥28,470 in disposable income as of 2019,^{[4]: 20–37} a 10.0% increase from 2018,^{[4]: 20–37} which ranked the 3rd highest of the 90 county-level divisions in Inner Mongolia which reported this statistic.^{[4]: 20–6}

As of 2019, there are 99,140 mobile telephone subscriptions in Ergun (1.25 per capita), and 28,962 internet subscriptions (0.37 per capita).^{[4]: 20–37}

Mineral deposits in Ergun include coal, gold, lead, zinc, iron, tungsten, copper, and fluorite.^[3]

As of 2019, the city has 10 primary schools and 5 secondary schools.^{[4]: 20–37}

Secondary schools include:^[20]

• Ergun City No. 2 Secondary School (额尔古纳市第二中学)
• Ergun City No. 3 Secondary School (额尔古纳市第三中学)
• Ergun City Moridaga Secondary School (额尔古纳市莫尔道嘎中学)
• Ergun City Sanhe Secondary School (额尔古纳市三河中学)

Primary schools include:^[20]

• Ergun City No. 1 Primary School (额尔古纳市第一小学)
• Ergun City No. 2 Primary School (额尔古纳市第二小学)
• Ergun City No. 3 Primary School (额尔古纳市第三小学)
• Ergun City Enhe Primary School (额尔古纳市恩和小学)
• Ergun City Heishantou Primary School (额尔古纳市黑山头小学)
• Ergun City Moridaga Primary School 1 (额尔古纳市莫尔道嘎一小)
• Ergun City Sanhe Primary School (额尔古纳市三河小学)
• Ergun City Shangkuli Primary School (额尔古纳市上库力小学)
• Ergun City Shiwei Primary School (额尔古纳市室韦小学)
• Ergun City Suqin Primary School (额尔古纳市苏沁小学)

As of 2019, Ergun's medical institutions have 414 beds, and are staffed by 597 personnel.^{[4]: 20–37}

Ergun hosts 2,430 kilometres (1,510 mi) of highway as of 2019.^{[4]: 20–37} Inner Mongolia Provincial Highway 201 and Inner Mongolia Provincial Highway 301 both run through Ergun.^[3]

Ergun has two international border crossings: one in Shiwei, and another in Heishantou [zh].^[7]