Etlatongo is an archaeological site in Oaxaca, Mexico. Situated in the Nochixtlán Valley within the Mixteca Alta, Etlatongo encompasses both a Formative Period site, located between two rivers, and a Classic/Post-classic site, on a hill to the north.

Etlatongo experienced a sharp population growth beginning in roughly 1150 BCE and lasting for 300 years. It was during this period that trade goods, including figurines, ceramics, and obsidian, including artifacts identified with the Zapotecs, Olmecs, and the Valley of Mexico, enter the archaeological record.

Studies of Etlatongo artifacts, including obsidian and pottery, indicate that Etlatongo participated in a wide-ranging trade network. Etlatongo continued to be occupied through the Post-classic period.

In 2020, a ballcourt was discovered at Etlatongo, dating to 1374 BCE.^[1]

• San Mateo Etlatongo (town and municipality in Oaxaca)