Former_Liberation_Movements_of_Southern_Africa

Former Liberation Movements of Southern Africa

Former Liberation Movements of Southern Africa

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The Former Liberation Movements of Southern Africa (FLMSA) is a loosely organized regional political international of seven political parties which were involved in the African nationalist movements against colonialism and white-minority rule in Southern Africa. It has its roots in the Frontline States, a loose coalition of African countries from the 1960s to the early 1990s committed to ending apartheid and white minority rule in South Africa and Rhodesia.[1] Its original members are the African National Congress (South Africa), Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Tanzania), FRELIMO (Mozambique), the MPLA (Angola), SWAPO (Namibia), and ZAPU and ZANU–PF (Zimbabwe).[2] In 2019, the Botswana Democratic Party, the ruling party of Botswana, joined the FLMSA.[2][3]

Members

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Summits

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See also

References

  1. [1]
    "President in SA for former liberation movements meeting". The Herald. 7 March 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  2. [2]
    Matanda, Dennis (19 March 2021). "Decoding China's Africa Strategy beyond 2021: A Discussion with Paul Nantulya". The Habari Network. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  3. [3]
    "Obert Mpofu attends Botswana Democratic Party congress". Bulawayo24 News. 29 August 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  4. [4]
    Tendi, Blessing-Miles (2010). Making History in Mugabe's Zimbabwe: Politics, Intellectuals, and the Media. Bern: Peter Lang. p. 102. ISBN 978-3-03911-989-9.
  5. [5]
    "Meeting of Former Liberation Movements: 06-09 March 2013". African National Congress. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
  6. [6]
    "Summit for Liberation Movements Begins". The Herald. 5 May 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2023 – via allAfrica.
  7. [7]
    "NLMs commend Zanu-PF for its leadership". Politicsweb. 10 March 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  8. [8]
    Robi, Anne (10 October 2013). "African govts urged to embrace people's interests". Daily News. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  9. [9]
    Mataire, Lovemore Ranga (5 December 2015). "Ex-liberation movements rule Southern Africa". The Southern Times. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  10. [10]
    "Former liberation movements stress economic cooperation". The Zimbabwean. 22 November 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  11. [11]
    Fabricius, Peter (1 February 2018). "A wind of change blows through Southern Africa". Institute for Security Studies. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  12. [12]
    Fabricius, Peter (15 December 2017). "When 'democracy' becomes 'regime change'". Institute for Security Studies. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  13. [13]
    Nantulya, Paul (30 August 2018). "Grand Strategy and China's Soft Power Push in Africa". WATHI. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  14. [14]
    "Namibia to host SADC liberation movements summit | nbc". NBC. 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  15. [15]
    "Ramaphosa, Magufuli, Masisi, Geingob, Nyusi, Lourenço and Mnangagwa to attend FLM summit in Vitoria Falls, Zimbabwe". Club of Mozambique. 4 September 2019. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
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