Janet Susan McCalman, AC, FAHA, FASSA (born 5 December 1948) is an Australian social historian, population researcher and author at the Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne.^[1][2] McCalman won the Ernest Scott Prize in 1984 and 2022 (shared); the second woman to have won and one of eight historians to have won the prize twice.^[3]

McCalman was born in Richmond, Victoria, the daughter of industrial officer Laurie Brian McCalman and Hélène Ulrich. Her parents were members of the Communist Party of Australia. She won a scholarship to Methodist Ladies' College, Kew.^[4] At school, McCalman was head of the debate team and on the choir and yearbook committees.^[5] McCalman wrote polemics for the school yearbook in her final year (1966).^[6] One was in support of A. A. Phillips saying, 'We can only despair at the complacency of our politicians, for Australia does not educate her "democracy" and is severely inhibiting the flowering of her elite.' In another McCalman said, 'We are poised on the edge of our age of abundance, which through automation could free the human spirit from the shackles of material necessity and solve the problems of world poverty and illiteracy, yet the system is preparing us for subordination, selfishness, irrationality and meaninglessness.'

McCalman received a Bachelor of Arts with Honours from the University of Melbourne in 1970 and a Doctor of Philosophy in 1976 from the Australian National University for her thesis, "Respectability and Working-Class Radicalism in Victorian London: 1850–1890: A Contribution to the Debate".^[1][7] She did not commence a full-time professional academic career until 1993, when she took up a Fellowship at Melbourne University. McCalman became Reader in History in 2000 and then Head of the History and Philosophy department in 2001.^[8]

McCalman returned to the University of Melbourne in 1993 on a four-year Australian Research Council Fellowship. Since then she has fulfilled many roles within that university. Firstly she became a Senior Lecturer in the Centre for Health and Society. In 2000 she was appointed Reader in the History and Philosophy of Science at the same centre. She was appointed Professor in Public Health in 2003. Her work since 2011 has been at the Centre for Health and Society, in the Melbourne School of Population and Global Health.^[1]

McCalman gave the third Sir John Quick Bendigo Lecture in 1996. She spoke on "Towns and Gowns : The Humanities and the Community".^[9] La Trobe University established this annual lecture in recognition of Quick's work towards Federation and election as Bendigo's first Federal Member of Parliament.^[10]

Frank Moorhouse, in his 2004 Griffith Review essay, "Welcome back Bakunin – Life chances in Australia: some notes of discomfort", referred to McCalman's 1993 book, Journeyings as "classic study of privilege". By analysing the individuals in the Australian Who's Who 1998, McCalman showed that private schools dominated, that the "old boys club" prevailed.^[11]

McCalman received her PhD at ANU in 1976 and married the publisher Al Knight (1924-2013) on 15 December 1978, with whom she had two children.^[12][13] Knight's first book at Hyland House was Wendy Lowenstein's significant work of social history, Weevils in the Flour.^[14][15]

• Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities, 1993^[16]
• Walkley Awards for Journalism, short-listed for Editorial and Opinion category, 1997
• Media Award from the College of Educational Administration (Vic), for outstanding contribution to public discourse on education, 1999
• Centenary Medal, 2001, "for service to Australian society and the humanities in the study of the history of health"^[17]
• Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia, 2005^[18]
• Appointed honorary doctor by Umeå University, Sweden, 2015^[19]
• Awarded title, Redmond Barry Distinguished Professor, University of Melbourne, 2016.^[20]
• Companion of the Order of Australia (AC), 2018 Australia Day Honours, "for eminent service to education, particularly in the field of social history, as a leading academic, researcher and author, as a contributor to multi-disciplinary curriculum development, and through the promotion of history to the wider community."^[21]