List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Europe
This list ranks metropolitan areas in Europe by their population according to three different sources; it includes metropolitan areas that have a population of over 1 million.
This is a list of metropolitan areas. For a list of urban areas, see List of urban areas in Europe. For a list of cities proper, see List of European cities by population within city limits. For a list of European cities by country, see List of cities in Europe.
 | This article is missing information about smaller metropolitan areas defined by OECD and Eurostat. (April 2023) |
List includes metropolitan areas according only to the studies of ESPON, Eurostat, and OECD. For European countries not covered by the three institutions, City Population is used as the population count source for the purpose of assessing the inclusion criteria. For this reason some metropolitan areas, like the Italian Genoa Metropolitan Area (with a population of 1,510,781 as of 2010[1]) or the Ukrainian Kryvyi Rih metropolitan area (with a population of 1,170,953 as of 2019[2]), are not included in this list, with data by other statistic survey institutes.
Figures in the first column come from the OECD Territorial Reviews and correspond to "metropolitan regions". Figures in the second column come from City Population and correspond to "metropolitan areas". Figures in the third and fourth column come from Eurostat's Urban Audit and correspond to Larger Urban Zones (LUZ). Figures in the fifth column come from the ESPON project, "Study on Urban Functions", which defines cities according to the concept of a Functional Urban area (core urban area defined morphologically on the basis of population density, plus the surrounding labour pool defined on the basis of commuting).
Further information on how the areas are defined can be found in the source documents. These figures should be seen as an interpretation, not as conclusive fact.
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More information Metropolitan area name, Country ...
| Metropolitan area name | Country | OECD Metropolitan areas (2020)[3] |
City Population Urban Agglomeration (2024)[4] |
Eurostat Metropolitan region (2019)[5] |
Eurostat Metropolitan region (2018)[5] |
ESPON Functional Urban Area (2006)[6] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Coruña metropolitan area |  Spain |
423,375 | <1,000,000 | 1,122,006 | 1,121,417 | 376,000 |
| Alicante-Elche | Spain |
475,402 | <1,000,000 | 1,862,780 | 1,845,470 | 645,000[lower-alpha 1] |
| Amsterdam metropolitan area |  Netherlands |
2,890,428 | 2,525,000 | 3,269,905 | 3,242,852 | 2,497,000[lower-alpha 2] |
| Antwerp |  Belgium |
1,146,565 | 1,240,000 | 1,053,033 | 1,047,030 | 1,406,000[lower-alpha 3] |
| Athens metropolitan area |  Greece |
3,526,887 | 3,575,000 | 3,561,750 | 3,576,590 | 3,761,000 |
| Baku[lower-alpha 4] |  Azerbaijan |
3,675,000 | ||||
| Barcelona metropolitan area | Spain |
5,105,991 | 4,875,000 | 5,575,204 | 5,514,881 | 4,082,000[lower-alpha 5] |
| Metropolitan City of Bari |  Italy |
726,049 | <1,000,000 | 1,234,997 | 1,257,520 | 584,000 |
| Belgrade |  Serbia |
— | 1,430,000 | — | — | — |
| Bergamo | Italy |
311,971 | 6,100,000[lower-alpha 6] | 1,107,159 | 1,111,035 | 662,000[lower-alpha 7] |
| Bergen Region |  Norway |
— | <1,000,000 | 1,000,149 | 996,064 | 335,000 |
| Berlin metropolitan area |  Germany |
5,342,958 | 4,850,000 | 5,303,846 | 5,259,363 | 4,016,000 |
| Bern |  Switzerland |
503,213 | <1,000,000 | 1,034,977 | 1,031,126 | 376,000 |
| Bilbao | Spain |
1,014,366 | <1,000,000 | 1,137,191 | 1,134,848 | 947,000 |
| Bologna metropolitan area | Italy |
790,044 | <1,000,000 | 1,017,551 | 1,011,291 | 690,000 |
| Bordeaux |  France |
1,290,068 | 1,140,000 | 1,619,190 | 1,601,845 | 918,000 |
| Brescia | Italy |
477,611 | <1,000,000 | 1,254,419 | 1,262,402 | 384,000 |
| Greater Bristol |  United Kingdom |
969,256 | <1,000,000 | 1,157,937 | 1,147,017 | 1,041,000 |
| Brno |  Czech Republic |
735,652 | <1,000,000 | 1,187,667 | 1,183,207 | 535,000 |
| Brussels metropolitan area | Belgium |
2,500,251 | 2,750,000 | 2,548,941 | 2,528,996 | 2,639,000[lower-alpha 3] |
| Bucharest metropolitan area |  Romania |
2,219,341 | 2,200,000 | 2,315,173 | 2,302,291 | 2,064,000 |
| Budapest metropolitan area |  Hungary |
3,012,001 | 2,500,000 | 3,031,160 | 3,011,598 | 2,523,000 |
| Cádiz | Spain |
252,140 | <1,000,000 | 1,249,739 | 1,249,245 | 400,000 |
| Metropolitan City of Catania | Italy |
634,134 | <1,000,000 | 1,077,270 | 1,109,888 | 707,000 |
| Cardiff | United Kingdom |
928,101 | <1,000,000 | 1,140,165 | 1,135,795 | 1,097,000 |
| Copenhagen metropolitan area |  Denmark |
1,945,157 | 1,770,000 | 2,045,259 | 2,030,718 | 1,881,000[lower-alpha 8] |
| Donetsk |  Ukraine |
— | 1,410,000[lower-alpha 9] | — | — | — |
| Dnipro | Ukraine |
— | 1,330,000[lower-alpha 10] | — | — | — |
| Dresden | Germany |
1,343,747 | <1,000,000 | 1,343,305 | 1,341,986 | 882,000 |
| Dublin Metropolitan Area |  Ireland |
2,110,459 | 1,530,000 | 2,107,749 | 2,069,386 | 1,477,000 |
| Metropolitan City of Florence | Italy |
791,543 | <1,000,000 | 998,976 | 1,013,260 | 645,000[lower-alpha 11] |
| Frankfurt Rhine-Main | Germany |
2,729,936 | 3,300,000 | 2,710,127 | 2,693,115 | 2,764,000[lower-alpha 12] |
| Gdańsk (Tricity) |  Poland |
1,170,990 | <1,000,000 | 1,328,350 | 1,317,517 | 993,000 |
| Greater Glasgow | United Kingdom |
1,847,200 | 1,700,000 | 1,861,315 | 1,854,866 | 1,395,000 |
| Gothenburg |  Sweden |
1,051,345 | <1,000,000 | 1,709,814 | 1,690,782 | 759,000 |
| Grenoble metropolitan area | France |
717,469[lower-alpha 13] | <1,000,000 | 1,266,669 | 1,263,563 | 555,000 |
| The Hague | Netherlands |
1,116,798 | 3,400,000[lower-alpha 14] | 1,103,368 | 1,093,212 | 1,404,000[lower-alpha 2] |
| Hamburg Metropolitan Region | Germany |
3,328,679 | 2,925,000 | 3,327,940 | 3,309,215 | 2,983,000 |
| Hannover | Germany |
1,316,006 | 1,150,000 | 1,315,405 | 1,310,558 | 997,000[lower-alpha 15] |
| Helsinki Metropolitan Area |  Finland |
1,526,778 | 1,530,000 | 1,671,024 | 1,655,624 | 1,285,000 |
| Istanbul[lower-alpha 16] |  Turkey |
13,719,061 | 15,900,000 | — | — | — |
| Katowice metropolitan area | Poland |
2,486,510 | 2,225,000 | 2,695,148 | 2,705,106 | 3,029,000[lower-alpha 17] |
| Kazan metropolitan area |  Russia |
— | 1,590,000 | — | — | — |
| Kharkiv | Ukraine |
— | 1,600,000[lower-alpha 10] | — | — | — |
| Kyiv metropolitan area | Ukraine |
— | 3,475,000[lower-alpha 10] | — | — | — |
| Kraków metropolitan area | Poland |
1,423,235 | <1,000,000 | 1,491,811 | 1,480,803 | 1,236,000 |
| Leicester | United Kingdom |
910,918 | <1,000,000 | 1,443,399 | 1,432,212 | 745,000 |
| Leipzig | Germany |
1,049,342 | <1,000,000 | 1,043,293 | 1,037,782 | 842,000 |
| Lille | France |
1,505,093 | 1,320,000 | 2,603,999 | 2,606,234 | 1,161,000[lower-alpha 18] |
| Lisbon metropolitan area |  Portugal |
3,035,487 | 2,500,000 | 2,846,332 | 2,833,679 | 2,591,000 |
| Łódź metropolitan area | Poland |
903,719 | <1,000,000 | 1,070,544 | 1,074,374 | 1,165,000 |
| London metropolitan area | United Kingdom |
12,451,423 | 14,900,000 | 14,372,596 | 14,257,962 | 11,203,000 |
| Lyon | France |
2,129,101 | 2,025,000 | 1,871,364 | 1,859,524 | 1,669,000 |
| Madrid metropolitan area | Spain |
7,005,286 | 6,650,000 | 6,641,649 | 6,549,520 | 5,263,000 |
| Málaga-Marbella | Spain |
1,211,770[lower-alpha 19] | 1,090,000 | 1,660,985 | 1,651,506 | 775,000[lower-alpha 20] |
| Malmö | Sweden |
690,334 | <1,000,000 | 1,362,164 | 1,344,689 | 667,000[lower-alpha 8] |
| Greater Manchester | United Kingdom |
3,399,018 | 3,150,000 | 3,712,997 | 3,695,071 | 2,556,000 |
| Mannheim-Ludwigshafen | Germany |
1,191,766 | 1,590,000 | 1,189,073 | 1,184,343 | 1,136,000[lower-alpha 21] |
| Marseille | France |
1,278,124[lower-alpha 22] | 1,700,000 | 3,112,990 | 3,102,054 | 1,530,000 |
| Merseyside (Liverpool/Birkenhead) | United Kingdom |
1,548,752 | 1,890,000 | 1,784,475 | 1,777,603 | 2,241,000 |
| Milan metropolitan area | Italy |
4,985,668 | 6,100,000[lower-alpha 6] | 4,344,411 | 4,336,121 | 4,136,000[lower-alpha 7] |
| Minsk metropolitan area |  Belarus |
— | 2,100,000 | — | — | — |
| Montpellier | France |
801,595[lower-alpha 13] | <1,000,000 | 1,171,739 | 1,159,220 | 460,000 |
| Moscow metropolitan area | Russia |
— | 19,100,000 | — | — | — |
| Murcia-Cartagena | Spain |
882,745[lower-alpha 23] | <1,000,000 | 1,487,663 | 1,475,569 | 854,000[lower-alpha 24] |
| Munich | Germany |
2,926,802 | 2,300,000 | 2,908,664 | 2,883,373 | 2,665,000[lower-alpha 25] |
| Nantes | France |
1,003,395 | <1,000,000 | 1,427,913 | 1,412,502 | 708,000 |
| Naples metropolitan area | Italy |
3,349,233 | 4,050,000[lower-alpha 26] | 3,048,194 | 3,101,002 | 2,905,000[lower-alpha 27] |
| Nice | France |
1,020,879 | <1,000,000 | 1,087,266 | 1,086,219 | 1,082,000 |
| Nizhny Novgorod | Russia |
— | 1,660,000 | — | — | — |
| Nottingham-Derby | United Kingdom |
935,049[lower-alpha 28] | 1,380,000 | 590,043[lower-alpha 29] | 587,596[lower-alpha 30] | 1,534,000 |
| Northwest Metropolitan Region (Bremen) | Germany |
1,274,429 | 1,000,000 | 1,277,609 | 1,274,611 | 1,077,000 |
| Nuremberg Metropolitan Region | Germany |
1,352,002 | 1,210,000 | 1,349,848 | 1,340,886 | 1,443,000 |
| Odesa | Ukraine |
— | 1,100,000[lower-alpha 10] | — | — | — |
| Greater Oslo Region | Norway |
1,420,926 | 1,260,000 | 1,305,122 | 1,287,495 | 1,037,000 |
| Ostrava metropolitan area | Czech Republic |
709,768 | <1,000,000 | 1,203,299 | 1,205,886 | 1,046,000[lower-alpha 17] |
| Oviedo-Gijón | Spain |
604,802[lower-alpha 31] | <1,000,000 | 1,022,205 | 1,027,624 | 706,000[lower-alpha 32] |
| Palermo metropolitan area | Italy |
995,821 | <1,000,000 | 1,231,602 | 1,260,193 | 861,000 |
| Paris metropolitan area | France |
12,997,058 | 11,500,000 | 12,252,917 | 12,213,447 | 11,175,000 |
| Perm | Russia |
— | 1,090,000 | — | — | — |
| Porto Metropolitan Area | Portugal |
1,785,248 | 1,550,000 | 1,722,374 | 1,719,702 | 1,245,000[lower-alpha 33] |
| Portsmouth-Southampton | United Kingdom |
695,204[lower-alpha 34] | 1,150,000 | 1,482,547[lower-alpha 35] | 1,475,984[lower-alpha 36] | 1,547,000 |
| Poznań metropolitan area | Poland |
993,656 | <1,000,000 | 1,194,454 | 1,186,164 | 919,000 |
| Prague metropolitan area | Czech Republic |
2,267,817 | 1,470,000 | 2,677,964 | 2,647,308 | 1,669,000 |
| Rennes Métropole | France |
755,668[lower-alpha 13] | <1,000,000 | 1,077,412 | 1,069,228 | 517,000 |
| Rhein-Nord[lower-alpha 37] (Düsseldorf - Neuss) | Germany |
1,557,269 | 5,000,000[lower-alpha 38] | 2,171,821[lower-alpha 39] | 2,167,875[lower-alpha 40] | 3,073,000[lower-alpha 41][lower-alpha 42] |
| Rhein-Süd[lower-alpha 37] (Cologne - Bonn) | Germany |
2,004,984 | 5,000,000[lower-alpha 38] | 2,930,084[lower-alpha 43] | 2,919,070[lower-alpha 44] | 3,070,000[lower-alpha 42] |
| Riga metropolitan area |  Latvia |
927,924 | <1,000,000 | 1,003,203 | 1,005,237 | 1,195,000 |
| Rome metropolitan area | Italy |
4,325,591 | 3,425,000 | 4,263,542 | 4,355,725 | 5,190,000 |
| Rostov-on-Don | Russia |
— | 1,410,000 | — | — | — |
| Rotterdam | Netherlands |
1,876,165 | 3,400,000[lower-alpha 14] | 1,846,933 | 1,835,354 | 1,904,000[lower-alpha 2] |
| Rouen | France |
705,627[lower-alpha 13] | <1,000,000 | 1,254,436 | 1,255,883 | 599,000 |
| Ruhr[lower-alpha 37] | Germany |
5,115,617 | 5,650,000 | 5,111,530 | 5,113,487 | 5,376,000[lower-alpha 45][lower-alpha 42] |
| Saarbrücken - Forbach | Germany/ France |
797,110 | <1,000,000 | 799,746 | 802,664 | 1,102,000 |
| Saint Petersburg metropolitan area | Russia |
— | 6,500,000 | — | — | — |
| Samara | Russia |
— | 1,370,000 | — | — | — |
| Saratov | Russia |
— | 1,210,000 | — | — | — |
| Seville | Spain |
1,558,006 | 1,300,000 | 1,949,640 | 1,945,236 | 1,180,000[lower-alpha 46] |
| Stoke-on-Trent | United Kingdom |
484,659 | <1,000,000 | 1,130,317 | 1,126,654 | 456,000 |
| Strasbourg | France |
853,110[lower-alpha 13] | <1,000,000 | 1,138,467 | 1,133,552 | 661,000[lower-alpha 47] |
| Sofia |  Bulgaria |
1,551,056 | 1,240,000 | 1,678,041 | 1,679,413 | 1,174,000 |
| Metropolitan Stockholm | Sweden |
2,377,081 | 2,275,000 | 2,344,124 | 2,308,143 | 2,171,000 |
| South Yorkshire (Sheffield-Doncaster) | United Kingdom |
1,204,485 | 1,540,000 | 1,404,971[lower-alpha 48] | 1,397,266[lower-alpha 49] | 1,869,000 |
| Stuttgart Metropolitan Region | Germany |
2,794,283 | 2,400,000 | 2,787,724 | 2,778,591 | 2,289,000 |
| Tbilisi[lower-alpha 4] |  Georgia |
1,420,000 | ||||
| Thessaloniki metropolitan area | Greece |
1,049,937 | <1,000,000 | 1,104,690 | 1,105,663 | 1,052,000 |
| Toulouse | France |
1,445,789 | 1,130,000 | 1,395,382 | 1,380,672 | 832,000 |
| Turin metropolitan area | Italy |
1,728,714 | 1,580,000 | 2,238,663 | 2,269,120 | 1,601,000[lower-alpha 50] |
| Tyne and Wear (Newcastle-Sunderland) | United Kingdom |
1,192,598 | 1,470,000 | 1,177,704 | 1,172,580 | 1,599,000 |
| Ufa | Russia |
— | 1,230,000 | — | — | — |
| Utrecht | Netherlands |
887,420 | <1,000,000 | 1,306,912 | 1,295,484 | 982,000[lower-alpha 2] |
| Valencia | Spain |
1,768,205 | 1,920,000 | 2,540,588 | 2,531,187 | 1,398,000[lower-alpha 51] |
| Vienna |  Austria |
3,004,660 | 2,350,000 | 2,853,903 | 2,838,558 | 2,584,000 |
| Volgograd | Russia |
— | 1,090,000 | — | — | — |
| Voronezh | Russia |
— | 1,170,000 | — | — | — |
| Warsaw metropolitan area | Poland |
3,209,784 | 2,500,000 | 3,053,104 | 3,025,034 | 2,785,000 |
| West Midlands conurbation (Birmingham) | United Kingdom |
3,122,915 | 3,250,000 | 2,558,916 | 2,545,475 | 3,683,000 |
| West Yorkshire Built-up Area (Leeds - Bradford) | United Kingdom |
2,655,815 | 2,225,000 | 1,750,276 | 1,741,298 | 2,302,000 |
| Yerevan[lower-alpha 4] |  Armenia |
1,520,000 | ||||
| Zagreb metropolitan area |  Croatia |
1,219,858 | <1,000,000 | 1,240,433 | 1,240,310 | — |
| Zürich metropolitan area | Switzerland |
1,401,783 | 1,490,000 | 1,520,968 | 1,504,346 | 1,615,000 |
Close
Polycentric metropolitan areas in the European Union
More information Rank, Area ...
| Rank | Area | State | Population[7] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region | Germany |
12,190,000 |
| 2 | Randstad | Netherlands |
6,787,000 |
| 3 | Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area | Poland/ Czech Republic |
5,294,000 |
| 4 | Flemish Diamond | Belgium |
5,103,000 |
| 5 | Vienna-Bratislava metropolitan region | Austria/  Slovakia |
4,600,000 |
Close
- List of European cities by population within city limits
- List of urban areas in Europe
- List of European city regions
- Lists of cities in Europe
- List of largest cities in the European Union by population within city limits
- List of urban areas in the European Union
- List of European Union cities proper by population density
- List of metropolitan areas by population for the world
- World's largest cities
Regional and country-specific lists
- Largest metropolitan areas in the Nordic countries
- List of metropolitan areas in Belgium
- List of metropolitan areas in France
- List of metropolitan areas in Germany
- List of metropolitan areas in Italy
- List of metropolitan areas in Poland
- List of metropolitan areas in Romania
- List of metropolitan areas in Spain
- List of metropolitan areas in Sweden
- List of metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom
- Total population is 793,000 if the metropolitan area of Elda (148,000) is included.
- Part of the Randstad polycentric urban region consisting of the metropolitan areas of Amsterdam (2,497,000), Rotterdam (1,904,000), The Hague (1,404,000), and Utrecht (982,000). The total population of the region is 6,787,000.
- Continental placement may vary depending on geographic convention being followed.
- Total population is 4,251,000 if the metropolitan area of Mataro (169,000) is included.
- Part of the wider Öresund region, which includes the Danish metropolitan area of Copenhagen (1,881,000) and the Swedish metropolitan areas of Malmö (667,000) and Helsingborg (294,000). The total regional population is 2,842,000.
- Combined total population of Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area.
- Part of the polycentric Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area with a total population of 5,294,000. The region includes the metropolitan areas of Katowice (3,029,000) Ostrava (1,046,000), Bielsko-Biała (584,000), Rybnik (526,000) and Racibórz (109,000).
- Total population is 844,000 if the metropolitan area of Vélez-Málaga (69,000) is included.
- Does not include Aix-en-Provence, which OECD, unlike INSEE, considers as a separate metropolitan area, with a population of 352,097 in 2020.
- Total population is 3,271,000 if the metropolitan area of Augsburg (606,000) is included.
- Total population is 844,000 if the metropolitan area of Aviles (139,000) is included.
- Does not include Portsmouth, which OECD considers as a separate metropolitan area, with a population of 542,048 in 2020.
- Includes Duisburg metropolitan area of Ruhr.
- Part of the polycentric urban region of Rhein-Ruhr, which has a total population of 12,190,000.
- Does not include Duisburg metropolitan area.
- Total population is 1,262,000 if the metropolitan area of Utrera (82,000) is included.
- Total population is 807,000 if the metropolitan area of Offenburg (146,000) is included.
- Total population is 1,716,000 if the metropolitan area of Pinerolo (115,000) is included.
- Total population is 1,499,000 if the metropolitan area of Sagunto (101,000) is included.
- "Urbanismi, Cluster urbani e aree metropolitane – volume primo, Italia" (PDF) (in Italian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
- "Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2019" (PDF).(in Ukrainian)
- "OECD Data Explorer - Population by age and sex - Cities and FUAs". OECD. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
- Brinkhoff, Thomas (1 January 2024). "Major Agglomerations of The World". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
- "Database". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 23 May 2024. click General and regional statistics / Regional statistics by typology / Metropolitan regions / Demography statistics by metropolitan regions / Population on 1 January by broad age group, sex and metropolitan regions (met_pjanaggr3)
- "Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3)]" (PDF). European Spatial Planning Observation Network. March 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015., Final Report, Chapter 3
- European Spatial Planning Observation Network, Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3) Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine, Final Report, Chapter 3, (ESPON, 2007) page 241-243
- Geopolis: research group, university of Paris-Diderot, France - Population of urban areas of 10,000 or more