Marcin_Knackfus

Marcin Knackfus

Marcin Knackfus

Polish–Lithuanian architect, professor and military captain

Marcin Knackfus (Lithuanian: Martynas Knakfusas; c. 1740 – c. 1821), was an architect, professor, and military captain from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.[1]

Quick Facts Born, Died ...

He was first person to introduce Neoclassical architecture in Lithuania.[2] He designed several important buildings in Vilnius, the capital and largest city of Lithuania.

Biography

Marcin Knackfus was born c. 1740 in Wólka Ostrożeńska, Kingdom of Poland, near the city of Garwolin.[1] His date of birth is not known but is estimated based on the assumption that he was around 25 years old in 1767 when his first child was born and when he joined the army of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as construction engineer. He held the rank of captain.[3] Knackfus first moved to Vilnius around 1768.[4]

Knackfus studied architecture in Warsaw and was influenced by other local architects of late Baroque (Ephraim Schröger and Szymon Bogumił Zug) and early Neoclassicism (Domenico Merlini and Johann Christian Kammsetzer).[5][6] Knackfus taught at the Lithuanian Engineering Corps military school from 1769 until 1773[1] before becoming the first professor of architecture at Vilnius University until 1777.[7]

In April 1771, Bishop of Vilnius Ignacy Jakub Massalski ordered Knackfus to survey a corner of the Vilnius Cathedral that had been damaged after a front tower of the cathedral collapsed in 1769. He drew up blueprints of the reconstruction, and after five reconstruction attempts, the cathedral was rebuilt in 1777 under the supervision of famous Lithuanian architect and former student of Knackfus, Laurynas Gucevičius.[8][9]

In 1773, Knackfus became an architect of the Commission of National Education and prepared projects for schools.[10] From 1788 on, Knackfus mostly designed reconstruction projects for the city of Vilnius as well as residences for Lithuanian nobles. These include the homes of Heinrich de Reuss LXIII, the Łopaciński family, Andrzej Abramowicz, and Antoni Tyzenhaus. Knackfus worked with numerous nobles, including Vilnius bishops Ignacy Jakub Massalski and Ignacy Krasicki, Field Hetman Ludwik Tyszkiewicz, voivode Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł, Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski, and Grand Marshal Stanisław Lubomirski.[11]

Works

Vilnius University Observatory, one of the best examples of early Neoclassicism in Lithuan
Marcin Knackfus's plaque at Vilnius Academy of Arts

Personal life

Knackfus married Agnieszka Pawłowska in 1767. They had two children, Joachim and Katarzyna.[1]

Knackfus was a freemason and was a member of three Masonic lodges in Vilnius. Through his masonic connections, he became a supporter of Tadeusz Kościuszko and the 1794 Kościuszko Uprising. Upon the failure of the uprising, Russian forces stormed Vilnius and burnt down many buildings in the Sereikiškės area of Vilnius where Knackfus lived. Fearing retribution for his involvement, Knackfus moved to the Suwałki Region on the Lithuania–Poland border.[1]

He died in Vilnius c. 1821.[26]

References

  1. [1]
    Balbus, Tomasz. "Marcin Knackfus, architekt Jego Królewskiej Mości". Wilnoteka (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-03-23.
  2. [2]
    "Paežeriai Manor Palace". Travel Lithuania. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
  3. [3]
    Etin 2021, p. 11.
  4. [4]
    Čerbulėnas 1986, p. 346.
  5. [5]
    Čerbulėnas 1994, pp. 275–276.
  6. [6]
    Etin 2021, p. 10.
  7. [7]
    Čerbulėnas 1994, p. 273.
  8. [8]
    ldkistorija.lt, Eligijus Raila |. "Vilnius Cathedral as a shrine erected in the Classical style". DELFI. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
  9. [9]
    Čerbulėnas 1994, p. 295.
  10. [10]
    Etin 2021, p. 12.
  11. [11]
    Čerbulėnas 1994, p. 487.
  12. [12]
    Drėma 1991, p. 383.
  13. [13]
    Čerbulėnas 1994, p. 276.
  14. [14]
    Drėma 1991, p. 324.
  15. [15]
    Klimka 2003, p. 651.
  16. [16]
    Etin 2021, p. 13.
  17. [17]
    Drėma 1991, p. 358.
  18. [18]
    Drėma 1991, p. 376.
  19. [19]
    "Trakai Basilica of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Lithuania". City of Mercy. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
  20. [20]
    Drėma 1991, p. 371.
  21. [21]
    Drėma 1991, p. 120.
  22. [22]
    Samavičius, Romaldas; Manelis, Eugenijus (2001). "Vilniaus miesto istorijos chronologija" (PDF). Vilniaus miesto istorijos dokumentai (in Lithuanian). Vilniaus knyga. p. 655. ISBN 9955-490-03-9.
  23. [23]
    Čerbulėnas 1994, p. 279.
  24. [24]
    Čerbulėnas 1986, p. 279.
  25. [25]
    Čerbulėnas 1994, p. 208.
  26. [26]
    Etin 2021, p. 15.

Bibliography
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