Mid_back_rounded_vowel

Mid back rounded vowel

Mid back rounded vowel

Vowel sound represented by ⟨o̞⟩ or ⟨ɔ̝⟩ in IPA

The mid back rounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. While there is no dedicated symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the exact mid back rounded vowel between close-mid [o] and open-mid [ɔ], it is normally written ⟨o⟩. If precision is desired, diacritics may be used, such as ⟨o̞⟩ or ⟨ɔ̝⟩, the former being more common. There was an alternative IPA symbol for this sound, ⟨ꭥ⟩. A non-IPA letter ⟨ⱺ⟩ is also found.

Quick Facts o̞, ɔ̝ ...
More information IPA: Vowels, Front ...

Just because a language has only one non-close non-open back vowel, it still may not be a true-mid vowel. Tukang Besi is a language in Sulawesi, Indonesia, with a close-mid [o]. Taba, another language in Indonesia, in the Maluku Islands, has an open-mid [ɔ]. In both languages, there is no contrast with another mid (true-mid or close-mid) vowel.

Kensiu, in Malaysia and Thailand, is highly unusual in that it contrasts true-mid vowels with close-mid and open-mid vowels without any difference in other parameters, such as backness or roundedness.

Features

  • Its vowel height is mid, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a close vowel and an open vowel.
  • Its vowel backness is back, which means the tongue is positioned back in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
  • Its roundedness is protruded, which means that the corners of the lips are drawn together, and the inner surfaces exposed.

Occurrence

More information Language, Word ...

Notes

  1. [1]
    Wissing (2016), section "The rounded mid-high back vowel /ɔ/".
  2. [2]
    Abdoh (2010:84)
  3. [3]
    Ternes (1992), p. 433.
  4. [4]
    Lee & Zee (2003), p. 110.
  5. [5]
    Chen & Gussenhoven (2015), p. 328.
  6. [6]
    Dankovičová (1999), p. 72.
  7. [7]
    Šimáčková, Podlipský & Chládková (2012), pp. 228–230.
  8. [8]
    Grønnum (1998), p. 100.
  9. [9]
    Basbøll (2005), p. 47.
  10. [10]
    Collins & Mees (2003), p. 132.
  11. [11]
    Peters (2010), p. 241.
  12. [12]
    Lass (2002), p. 116.
  13. [13]
    Warren & Bauer (2004), p. 617.
  14. [14]
    Hay, Maclagan & Gordon (2008), pp. 21–22.
  15. [15]
    Watson (2007), p. 357.
  16. [16]
    Collins & Mees (1990), p. 95.
  17. [17]
    Wells (1982), p. 487.
  18. [18]
    Roca & Johnson (1999), p. 180.
  19. [19]
    Peterson (2000), cited in Árnason (2011:76)
  20. [20]
    Iivonen & Harnud (2005), pp. 60, 66.
  21. [21]
    Suomi, Toivanen & Ylitalo (2008), p. 21.
  22. [22]
    Collins & Mees (2013), p. 226.
  23. [23]
    Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015), p. 64.
  24. [24]
    Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015), pp. 34, 64.
  25. [25]
    Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015), p. 65.
  26. [26]
    Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015), pp. 34, 65.
  27. [27]
    Arvaniti (2007), p. 28.
  28. [28]
    Trudgill (2009), p. 81.
  29. [29]
    Laufer (1999), p. 98.
  30. [30]
    Urua (2004), p. 106.
  31. [31]
    Brodersen (2011).
  32. [32]
    Árnason (2011), pp. 57–60.
  33. [33]
    Fortescue (1990), p. 317.
  34. [34]
    Bertinetto & Loporcaro (2005), pp. 137–138.
  35. [35]
    Bertinetto & Loporcaro (2005), p. 137.
  36. [36]
    Okada (1999), p. 117.
  37. [37]
    Lee (1999), p. 121.
  38. [38]
    Peters (2006), p. 119.
  39. [39]
    Vanvik (1979), pp. 13, 17.
  40. [40]
    Kvifte & Gude-Husken (2005), p. 4.
  41. [41]
    Kristoffersen (2000), pp. 16–17.
  42. [42]
    Sarlin (2014), p. 18.
  43. [43]
    Jones & Ward (1969), p. 56.
  44. [44]
    Kordić (2006), p. 4.
  45. [45]
    Landau et al. (1999), p. 67.
  46. [46]
    Valenzuela, Márquez Pinedo & Maddieson (2001), p. 282.
  47. [47]
    Tatjana Srebot-Rejec. "On the vowel system in present-day Slovene" (PDF).
  48. [48]
    Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999), p. 138.
  49. [49]
    Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003), p. 256.
  50. [50]
    Tench (2007), p. 230.
  51. [51]
    Zimmer & Orgun (1999), p. 155.
  52. [52]
    Göksel & Kerslake (2005), p. 11.
  53. [53]
    Merrill (2008), p. 109.

References
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