Multi-source_hypothesis
Multi-source hypothesis
Proposed solution to the synoptic problem
The Multi-source hypothesis is a proposed solution to the synoptic problem, holding that Matthew, Mark, and Luke are not directly interdependent but have each drawn from a distinct combination of earlier documents. It encompasses a family of theories differing in the particulars of the nature and relationships of these earlier documents.
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An early form of the theory was proposed by Herbert Marsh over two centuries ago.[1] More recently, Marie-Émile Boismard proposed a structurally similar theory,[2] which was further developed by Philippe Rolland[3] and Delbert Burkett.[4]
According to these theories, the common material among the three synoptic gospels ultimately derives from a proto-gospel somewhat like Mark. This proto-gospel underwent two independent revisions, A and B. Mark was formed by recombining these two revisions. Matthew built upon A and Luke upon B. Both Matthew and Luke also drew from a common source Q, as well as other sources for their unique material.