National_Democratic_Alliance_(India)

National Democratic Alliance

National Democratic Alliance

Coalition of BJP and its political allies

For other organizations of the same name, see National Democratic Alliance (disambiguation).

The National Democratic Alliance (NDA) (ISO: Rāṣṭrīya Lokatāṁtrika Gaṭhabaṁdhana) is a right-wing conservative Indian political alliance led by the right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).[2] It was founded in 1998 and currently controls the government of India as well as the government of 19 Indian states and one Union territory.

Quick Facts Abbreviation, Chairman ...

Its first chairman was then Prime Minister of India Atal Bihari Vajpayee. L. K. Advani, the former Deputy Prime Minister, took over as chairman in 2004 and served until 2014, and Amit Shah has been the chairman since 2014. The coalition ruled from 1998 to 2004. The alliance returned to power in the 2014 general elections with a combined vote share of 38.5%.[3] Its leader Narendra Modi was sworn in as Prime Minister of India on 26 May 2014. In the 2019 general election, the alliance further increased its tally to 353 seats with combined vote share of 45.43%.[4] The alliance lost 60 seats in the 2024 general election, but enough to form a coalition government, a first in over 10 years. On 7 June 2024, Modi confirmed the support of 293 MPs to Droupadi Murmu, the President of India.[5] This marked Modi's third term as Prime Minister and his first time heading a coalition government,[6] with the Telugu Desam Party of Andhra Pradesh and Janata Dal (United) of Bihar emerging as two main allies.[7][8][9]

History

Atal Bihari Vajpayee, first Prime Minister from NDA
Narendra Modi, second and current Prime Minister from NDA

The NDA was formed in May 1998 as a coalition to contest the general elections. The main aim of the NDA was to form an anti-Indian National Congress coalition. It was led by the BJP, and included several regional parties, including the Samata Party and the AIADMK, as well as Shiv Sena, but Shiv Sena broke away from the alliance in 2019 to join the Maha Vikas Aghadi with Congress and the NCP. Samata Party also broke away from alliance in 2003 after formation of Janta Dal (United). The Shiv Sena was the only member which shared the Hindutva ideology of the BJP.[10][11] After the election, it was able to muster a slim majority with outside support from the Telugu Desam Party, allowing Atal Bihari Vajpayee to return as prime minister.[12]

The government collapsed within a year because the AIADMK withdrew its support. After the entry of a few more regional parties, the NDA proceeded to win the 1999 elections with a larger majority. Vajpayee became Prime Minister for a third time, and this time served a full five-year term.[13]

The NDA called elections in early 2004, six months ahead of schedule. Its campaign was based around the slogan of "India Shining" which attempted to depict the NDA government as responsible for a rapid economic transformation of the country. However, the NDA suffered a defeat, winning only a 186 seats in the Lok Sabha, compared to the 222 of the United Progressive Alliance led by the Congress, with Manmohan Singh succeeding Vajpayee as prime minister. Commentators have argued that the NDA's defeat was due to a failure to reach out to the rural masses.[14][15] The scenario however changed quickly with the rise of Gujarat CM Narendra Modi who went on to become India's PM from 2014 onwards. The NDA currently has a supermajority government in the Lok Sabha.

Structure

The National Democratic Alliance does not have a formal governing structure such as an executive board or politburo. It has been up to the leaders of the individual parties to make decisions on issues such as sharing of seats in elections, allocation of ministries and the issues that are raised in Parliament. Given the varied ideologies among the parties, there have been many cases of disagreement and split voting among the allies.

Owing to ill health, George Fernandes, who was the NDA convener until 2008, was discharged of his responsibility and replaced by Sharad Yadav, the then national president of the JD(U) political party. On 16 June 2013, the JD(U) left the coalition and Sharad Yadav resigned from the role of the NDA convener. Then the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh N. Chandrababu Naidu was made the NDA convener.[16] Later in 2018, after the withdrawal of TDP from NDA the post of convenor was vacant. However NDA allies like LJP demanded the appointment of a convenor in 2019 for better coordination of the allies.[17]

On 27 July 2017 JD(U) with the help of BJP formed the government in Bihar. Later, on 19 August 2017 JD(U) formally rejoined the NDA after 4 years.[18]

Strength in parliament

Main article: List of National Democratic Alliance members
More information Party, Lok Sabha ...

Governments

The BJP has previously been the sole party in power in Delhi and Jharkhand. It has also ruled Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh as part of coalition and alliance governments.

The NDA has never been in power in 3 states – Kerala, Telangana, (between 1999 and 2004 BJP in alliance with TDP ruled a United Andhra Pradesh) and West Bengal. But BJP led NDA has ruled many local governing institutions including corporations, municipalities, panchayats and has also been elected to many Lok Sabha constituencies, state assembly constituencies and local body divisions and wards in these 3 states.

List of current NDA governments

See also: List of chief ministers from the Bharatiya Janata Party
More information S.No, State/UT ...

Strength in legislative assemblies

Strength in state legislative assemblies

More information State/UT, Seats ...

List of presidents and vice presidents

Note that it refers to nomination by alliance, as the offices of President and Vice President are apolitical.

Presidents

More information No., Portrait ...

Vice presidents

More information No., Portrait ...

List of prime ministers

Further information: List of prime ministers of India
More information No., Prime ministers ...

List of deputy prime ministers

Further information: List of deputy prime ministers of India
More information No., Deputy Prime minister ...

List of chief ministers

See also: List of chief ministers from the Bharatiya Janata Party
More information S.No, State ...

List of deputy chief ministers

More information S.No, State ...

Member parties

Further information: List of National Democratic Alliance members

As of March 2024, there are 39 political parties that are members of the alliance. The Bharatiya Janata Party and the National People's Party are the only two political parties being recognised by the Election Commission of India as national parties.[57] Other parties in the alliance are either recognised as state level parties or unrecognised parties.

Candidates in elections

Lok Sabha general elections

List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 1998 Indian general election
List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 1999 Indian general election
List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2004 Indian general election
List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2009 Indian general election
List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election
List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2019 Indian general election
List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2024 Indian general election

Electoral history

Lok Sabha 1998 general election

More information No., Party ...

Lok Sabha 1999 general election

More information No., Party ...

Lok Sabha 2004 general election

More information No., Party ...

Lok Sabha 2009 general election

More information No., Party ...

Lok Sabha 2014 general election

More information No., Party ...

Contested on BJP symbol lotus

Lok Sabha 2019 general election

More information No., Party ...

Contested on AIADMK two leaves symbol

Lok Sabha 2024 general election

More information No., Party ...

Contested by BJP symbol lotus

Electoral performance

More information Election, Seats won ...

Timeline

2009

2011

2012

Presidential election
Main article: 2012 Indian presidential election
Vice-Presidential election
Main article: 2012 Indian vice presidential election

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

  • On 7 January 2019, the AGP withdrew from the NDA and also from the Assam Government on the issue of citizenship amendment bill.
  • On 21 January 2019, the GJM withdrew from the NDA and extended the support to Mamata Banerjee .
  • On 19 February 2019, AIADMK and PMK rejoined NDA and BJP announced that "They will contest 5 Lok sabha seats in Tamil Nadu".
  • On 19 February 2019, Pattali Makkal Katchi rejoined NDA
  • BJP announced that "They will contest 5 Lok sabha seats in Tamil Nadu".
  • On 10 March 2019, DMDK rejoined NDA.
  • On 8 March 2019 in Sikkim, BJP joined hands with opposition party SKM
  • On 12 March 2019 in Assam, BJP joined hands with old ally AGP[90]
  • On 12 March 2019 in Maharashtra, Rayat Kranti Sanghatana is a part of NDA[91]
  • On 25 March 2019 in Tamil Nadu, Puthiya Needhi Katchi is a part of Alliance[92]
  • On 4 April 2019 in Rajasthan, BJP joined hands with the RLP[93]
  • On 5 April 2019 in Uttar Pradesh, Nishad Party joined hands with NDA[94]
  • On 23 May 2019 NDA won the 2019 Indian General election with record breaking 352 seats with its allys
  • In May 2019, NDA lost state elections of Andhra Pradesh & Odisha
  • In May 2019, NDA won the state elections of Arunachal Pradesh & Sikkim.
  • On 25 October 2019 in Haryana,

JJP joined hands with NDA to forming a stable government at Haryana with BJP[95]

Shiv Sena exited from the NDA, as BJP was not willing to agree for Sharing CM Post with Shiv Sena to form government in Maharashtra.[96]

  • In November 2019, NDA won the state election of Haryana
  • In November 2019, NDA lost the state election of Maharashtra
  • On 15 November 2019 in Jharkhand,

BJP, AJSU sever ties in Jharkhand days before Assembly elections 2019.[97]

  • On 23 November 2019 in Maharashtra, NCP (Ajit Pawar Faction) joined NDA, Ajit Pawar took oath as Maharashtra's Deputy Chief Minister.
  • On 26 November 2019 in Maharashtra, Ajit Pawar resigns as Maharashtra's Deputy Chief Minister. With immediate effect Devendra Fadnvis also resigns from the post of CM of Maharashtra. His term becomes the shortest term as Maharashtra's Chief Minister.
  • In December 2019, NDA lost the state election of Jharkhand.

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

See also

Notes

  1. Most member parties are centre-right or right-wing,[1] but a minority of them are centre to left-wing.

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