Orders_of_magnitude_(acceleration)
Orders of magnitude (acceleration)
Comparison of a wide range of accelerations
This page lists examples of the acceleration occurring in various situations. They are grouped by orders of magnitude.
More information Factor [m/s2], Multiple ...
| Factor [m/s2] |
Multiple | Reference frame | Value | [g] | Item |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10−∞ | 0 m/s2 | inertial | 0 m/s2 | 0 g | The gyro rotors in Gravity Probe B and the free-floating proof masses in the TRIAD I navigation satellite[1] |
| inertial | ≈ 0 m/s2 | ≈ 0 g | Weightless parabola in a reduced-gravity aircraft | ||
| 10−14 | 10 fm/s2 | lab | 5×10−14 m/s2 | 5×10−15 g | Smallest acceleration in a scientific experiment[2] |
| 10−3 | 1 mm/s2 | Solar system | 5.93×10−3 m/s2 | 6.04×10−4 g | Acceleration of Earth toward the sun due to sun's gravitational attraction |
| 10−1 | 1 dm/s2 | lab | 0.25 m/s2 | 0.026 g | Train acceleration for SJ X2[citation needed] |
| 100 | 1 m/s2 | inertial | 1.62 m/s2 | 0.1654 g | Standing on the Moon at its equator[citation needed] |
| lab | 4.3 m/s2 | 0.44 g | Car acceleration 0–100 km/h in 6.4 s with a Saab 9-5 Hirsch[citation needed] | ||
| inertial | 9.80665 m/s2 | 1 g | Standard gravity, the gravity acceleration on Earth at sea level standard[3] | ||
| 101 | 1 dam/s2 | inertial | 11.2 m/s2 | 1.14 g | Saturn V Moon rocket just after launch[citation needed] |
| inertial | 15.2 m/s2 | 1.55 g | Bugatti Veyron from 0 to 100 km/h in 2.4 s (the net acceleration vector including gravitational acceleration is directed 40 degrees from horizontal[citation needed]) | ||
| inertial | 29 m/s2 | 3 g | Space Shuttle, maximum during launch and reentry[citation needed] | ||
| inertial | 29 m/s2 | 3 g | Sustainable for > 25 seconds, for a human[3] | ||
| inertial | 34 – 49 m/s2 | 3.5 – 5 g | High-G roller coasters[4]: 340 | ||
| lab? | 41 m/s2 | 4.2 g | Top Fuel drag racing world record of 4.4 s over 1/4 mile[citation needed] | ||
| inertial | 49 m/s2 | 5 g | Causes disorientation, dizziness and fainting in humans[3] | ||
| lab? | 49+ m/s2 | 5+ g | Formula One car, maximum under heavy braking[citation needed] | ||
| inertial? | 51 m/s2 | 5.2 g | Luge, maximum expected at the Whistler Sliding Centre[citation needed] | ||
| lab | 49 – 59 m/s2 | 5 – 6 g | Formula One car, peak lateral in turns[5] | ||
| inertial | 59 m/s2 | 6 g | Parachutist peak during normal opening of parachute[6] | ||
| inertial | +69 / -49 m/s2 | +7 / -5 g | Standard, full aerobatics certified glider[citation needed] | ||
| inertial | 70.6 m/s2 | 7.19 g | Apollo 16 on reentry[7] | ||
| inertial | 79 m/s2 | 8 g | F-16 aircraft pulling out of dive[citation needed] | ||
| inertial | 88 m/s2 | 9 g | Maximum for a fit, trained person with G-suit to keep consciousness, avoiding G-LOC[citation needed] | ||
| inertial | 88 – 118 m/s2 | 9 – 12 g | Typical maximum turn acceleration in an aerobatic plane or fighter jet[8] | ||
| 102 | 1 hm/s2 | inertial | 147 m/s2 | 15 g | Explosive seat ejection from aircraft[citation needed] |
| 177 m/s2 | 18 g | Physical damage in humans like broken capillaries[3] | |||
| 209 m/s2 | 21.3 g | Peak acceleration experienced by cosmonauts during the Soyuz 18a abort[9] | |||
| 333 m/s2 | 34 g | Peak deceleration of the Stardust Sample Return Capsule on reentry to Earth[10] | |||
| 454 m/s2 | 46.2 g | Maximum acceleration a human has survived on a rocket sled[3] | |||
| > 491 m/s2 | > 50 g | Death or serious injury likely[citation needed] | |||
| 982 m/s2 | 100 g | Sprint missile[11] | |||
| 982 m/s2 | 100 g | Automobile crash (100 km/h into wall)[12] | |||
| > 982 m/s2 | > 100 g | Brief human exposure survived in crash[13] | |||
| 982 m/s2 | 100 g | Deadly limit for most humans[citation needed] | |||
| 103 | 1 km/s2 | inertial ≈ lab |
1540 m/s2 | 157 g | Peak acceleration of fastest rocket sled run[14] |
| 1964 m/s2 | 200 g | 3.5" hard disc non-operating shock tolerance for 2 ms, weight 0.6 kg[15] | |||
| 2098 m/s2 | 214 g | Highest recorded amount of g-force exposed and survived by a human (Peak deceleration experienced by Kenny Bräck in a crash at the 2003 Chevy 500)[16][17] | |||
| 2256 m/s2 | 230 g | Peak acceleration experience by the Galileo probe during descent into Jupiter's atmosphere[18] | |||
| 2490 m/s2 | 254 g | Peak deceleration experienced by Jules Bianchi in crash of Marussia MR03, 2014 Japanese Grand Prix[19] | |||
| 2946 m/s2 | 300 g | Soccer ball struck by foot[citation needed] | |||
| 3200 m/s2 | 320 g | A jumping human flea[20] | |||
| 3800 m/s2 | 380 g | A jumping click beetle[21] | |||
| 4944 m/s2 | 504 g | Clothes on washing machine, during dry spinning (46 cm drum / 1400 rpm) | |||
| 104 | 10 km/s2 | 11 768 m/s2 | 1200 g | Deceleration of the head of a woodpecker[22] | |
| 17 680 m/s2 | 1800 g | Space gun with a barrel length of 1 km and a muzzle velocity of 6 km/s, as proposed by Quicklaunch (assuming constant acceleration) | |||
| 29460 m/s2 | 3000 g | Baseball struck by bat[12] | |||
| ~33 000 m/s2 | 3400 g | Standard requirement for decelerative crashworthiness in certified flight recorders (such as a Boeing 737 'black box') | |||
| >49 100 m/s2 | >5000 g | Shock capability of mechanical wrist watches[23] | |||
| 84 450 m/s2 | 8600 g | Current Formula One engines, maximum piston acceleration (up to 10,000 g before rev limits)[24] | |||
| 105 | 100 km/s2 | 102 000 m/s2 | 10 400 g | A mantis shrimp punch[25] | |
| 152 210 m/s2 | 15 500 g | Rating of electronics built into military artillery shells[26] | |||
| 196 400 m/s2 | 20 000 g | Spore acceleration of the Pilobolus fungi[27] | |||
| 304 420 m/s2 | 31 000 g | 9×19mm Parabellum handgun bullet (average along the length of the barrel)[citation needed][28] | |||
| 106 | 1 Mm/s2 | 1 000 000 m/s2 | 100 000 g | Closing jaws of a trap-jaw ant[29] | |
| 1 865 800 m/s2 | 190 000 g | 9×19mm Parabellum handgun bullet, peak[citation needed][30] | |||
| 3 800 000 m/s2 | 390 000 g | Surface gravity of white dwarf Sirius B[31] | |||
| 3 900 000 m/s2 | slightly below 400 000 g | Ultracentrifuge[32] | |||
| 107 | 10 Mm/s2 | 53 000 000 m/s2 | 5 400 000 g | Jellyfish stinger[33] | |
| 109 | 1 Gm/s2 | 1×109 m/s2 | ~100 000 000 g | The record peak acceleration of a projectile in a coilgun, a 2 gram projectile accelerated in 1 cm from rest to 5 km/sec.[34] | |
| 1012 | 1 Tm/s2 | 7×1012 m/s2 | 7×1011 g | Max surface gravity of a neutron star[citation needed] | |
| 2.1×1013 m/s2 | 2.1×1012 g | Protons in the Large Hadron Collider[35] | |||
| 1021 | 1 Zm/s2 | 9.149×1021 m/s2 | 9.33×1020 g | Classical (Bohr model) acceleration of an electron around a 1H nucleus. | |
| 176×1021 m/s2 | 1.79×1022 g | Electrons in a 1 TV/m wakefield accelerator[36] | |||
| 1051 | 1 QZm/s2 | 5.5608×1051 m/s2 | 5.5719×1050 g | Coherent Planck unit of acceleration | |
Close
- Stanford University: Gravity Probe B, Payload & Spacecraft, and NASA: Investigation of Drag-Free Control Technology for Earth Science Constellation Missions. The TRIAD 1 satellite was a later, more advanced navigation satellite that was part of the U.S. Navy’s Transit, or NAVSAT system.
- Gundlach, J. H; Schlamminger, S; Spitzer, C. D; Choi, K. -Y; Woodahl, B. A; Coy, J. J; Fischbach, E (2007). "Laboratory Test of Newton's Second Law for Small Accelerations". Physical Review Letters. 98 (15): 150801. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..98o0801G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.150801. PMID 17501332.
- George Bibel. Beyond the Black Box: the Forensics of Airplane Crashes. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008. ISBN 0-8018-8631-7.
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-12-28. Retrieved 2014-12-14.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - "Maxed out: How many gs can you pull?". New Scientist. Retrieved 2017-11-19.
- Hall, Rex; David Shayler (2003). Soyuz, A Universal Spacecraft. Springer Praxis. p. 193. ISBN 978-1-85233-657-8.
- ReVelle, D. O.; Edwards, W. N. (2007). "Stardust—An artificial, low-velocity "meteor" fall and recovery: 15 January 2006". Meteoritics and Planetary Science. 42 (2): 271. Bibcode:2007M&PS...42..271R. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2007.tb00232.x.
- tomshardware.co.uk - Hard Drive Shock Tolerance - Hard-Disks - Storage Archived 2012-06-17 at the Wayback Machine, Physics, by O'hanian, 1989, 2007-01-03
- “Several Indy car drivers have withstood impacts in excess of 100 G without serious injuries.” Dennis F. Shanahan, M.D., M.P.H.: ”Human Tolerance and Crash Survivability [dead link], citing Society of Automotive Engineers. Indy racecar crash analysis. Automotive Engineering International, June 1999, 87–90. And National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Recording Automotive Crash Event Data Archived 2010-04-05 at the Wayback Machine
- "Holloman Air Force Base - Fact Sheet (Printable) : 846 TS HYPERSONIC UPGRADE PROGRAM". Archived from the original on 2012-05-17. Retrieved 2015-04-19.
- wdc.com - Legacy Product Specifications : WD600BB Archived 2011-02-27 at the Wayback Machine, read 2012-01-11
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-07-18. Retrieved 2013-07-23.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - Feel the G's: The Science of Gravity and G-Forces - by Suzanne Slade (page 37)
- Woodfill, Jerry. "What Did Galileo Find at Jupipter?". er.jsc.nasa.gov. NASA. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
- "Formula 1 - Bianchi crash impact was 254g". uk.eurosport.yahoo.com. 23 July 2015. Archived from the original on 23 July 2015.
- Evans, M. E. G (2009). "The jump of the click beetle (Coleoptera, Elateridae)—a preliminary study". Journal of Zoology. 167 (3): 319–336. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1972.tb03115.x.
- "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2015-04-19.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - S-H Yoon; S Park (17 January 2011). "A mechanical analysis of woodpecker drumming and its application to shock-absorbing systems" (PDF). Bioinspiration & Biomimetics. 6 (1): 12. Bibcode:2011BiBi....6a6003Y. doi:10.1088/1748-3182/6/1/016003. PMID 21245520. S2CID 2510221. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
- Omega , Ball Watch Technology
- S. N. Patek, W. L. Korff & R. L. Caldwell (2004). "Deadly strike mechanism of a mantis shrimp" (PDF). Nature. 428 (6985): 819–820. Bibcode:2004Natur.428..819P. doi:10.1038/428819a. PMID 15103366. S2CID 4324997.[permanent dead link]
- "L-3 Communication's IEC Awarded Contract with Raytheon for Common Air Launched Navigation System". Archived from the original on 2016-12-24. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
- bu.edu - Rockets in Horse Poop, 2010-12-10
- Assuming an 8.04 gram bullet, a muzzle velocity of 350 metres per second (1,100 ft/s), and a 102 mm barrel.
- Patek SN, Baio JE, Fisher BL, Suarez AV (22 August 2006). "Multifunctionality and mechanical origins: Ballistic jaw propulsion in trap-jaw ants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (34): 12787–12792. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10312787P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604290103. PMC 1568925. PMID 16924120.
- Assuming an 8.04 gram bullet, a peak pressure of 240 MPa (35,000 psi) and 440 N of friction.
- Holberg, J. B.; Barstow, M. A.; Bruhweiler, F. C.; Cruise, A. M.; Penny, A. J. (1998). "Sirius B: A New, More Accurate View". The Astrophysical Journal. 497 (2): 935–942. Bibcode:1998ApJ...497..935H. doi:10.1086/305489.
- Berkeley Physics Course, vol. 1, Mechanics, fig. 4.1 (authors Kittel-Knight-Ruderman, 1973 edition)
- Tibballs, J; Yanagihara, A. A; Turner, H. C; Winkel, K (2011). "Immunological and Toxinological Responses to Jellyfish Stings". Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets. 10 (5): 438–446. doi:10.2174/187152811797200650. PMC 3773479. PMID 21824077.
- K. McKinney and P. Mongeau, "Multiple stage pulsed induction acceleration," in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 239-242, March 1984, doi: 10.1109/TMAG.1984.1063089.
- Calculated from their speed and radius, approximating the LHC as a circle.
- Rosenzweig, J. B; Andonian, G; Bucksbaum, P; Ferrario, M; Full, S; Fukusawa, A; Hemsing, E; Hidding, B; Hogan, M; Krejcik, P; Muggli, P; Marcus, G; Marinelli, A; Musumeci, P; O'Shea, B; Pellegrini, C; Schiller, D; Travish, G (2011). "Teravolt-per-meter beam and plasma fields from low-charge femtosecond electron beams". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A. 653 (1): 98. arXiv:1002.1976. Bibcode:2011NIMPA.653...98R. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2011.01.073. S2CID 118384500.