Satyrini

Satyrini

Satyrini

Tribe of butterflies

The Satyrini is one of the tribes of the subfamily Satyrinae. It includes about 2200 species and is therefore the largest tribe in the subfamily which comprises 2500 species.[2]

Quick Facts Scientific classification, Subtribes ...
Toothed satyr
Praepronophila petronius, Colombia

Distribution

Satyrini butterflies have a worldwide distribution, but the distribution pattern differs between subtribes. Some subtribes are almost restricted to a single biogeographic region, such as the Pronophilina, which is found only in Andean cloud forests from Venezuela to Bolivia.[2]

Biology

The larval food plants of many species in this tribe are grasses, i.e. Poaceae. It is considered that the Satyrini diversified at about the same time as the grasses did, and that the radiation of the tribe is therefore closely related to the evolution of the grasses.[2][3]

In contrast, the tribe has a few genera which show uncommon feeding preferences.[3] Three genera, Euptychia, Ragadia and Acrophtalmia, feed on Lycopsida, and moreover, some species of Euptychia have been reported to feed on mosses of Neckeraceae. This is interesting cases as these genera are not considered to be very closely related to each other.[4]

Taxonomy

See also: Elymniini
Pararge aegeria ♂, Portugal
Lethe europa pavida, Taiwan
Mycalesis francisca formosana, Taiwan
Coelites epiminthia, Malaysia
Ragadia makuta, Malaysia
Coenonympha oedippus, Japan
Euptychia westwoodi, Panama
Erebia ligea takanonis, Japan
Maniola telmessia, Turkey
Melanargia galathea, UK
Lasiophila sp., Peru
Ypthima baldus, India
Calisto herophile, Cuba

The taxonomy of the subfamily Satyrinae has recently undergone a significant revision. Peña et al. (2006) showed that most of the traditionally well known group are paraphyletic or polyphyletic and developed a new taxonomy, based on molecular phylogenetic. The classification scheme transferred many genera traditionally placed in the Elymniini to the Satyrini,[5] and later studies have largely followed this classification.[6][7] Thus, the Satyrini is now considered to include the genera previously placed in the Elymniini, such as Lethe, Pararge and Mycalesis.[1] However, the phylogenetic statuses of some subtribes within the tribe are still unclear and the revision of the classification is likely to continue.[7]

According to Wahlberg (2019), the Satyrini includes the following subtribes and genera:

Parargina Moore, 1893
Lethina Reuter, 1896
Mycalesina Reuter, 1896
  • Lohora Moore, 1880
  • Brakefieldia Aduse-Poku, Lees & Wahlberg, 2016
  • Telinga Moore, 1880
  • Heteropsis Westwood, 1850
  • Culapa Moore, 1879
  • Mydosama Moore, 1880
  • Mycalesis Hübner, 1818
  • Devyatkinia Monastyrskii & Uémura, 2016
  • Hallelesis Condamin, 1961
  • Bicyclus Kirby, 1871
Eritina Miller, 1968
Ragadiina Herrich-Schäffer, 1864
Coenonymphina Tutt, 1896
Euptychiina Reuter, 1896
Erebiina Tutt, 1896
Maniolina Grote, 1897
Melanargiina Wheeler, 1903
Pronophilina Reuter, 1896
  • Altopedaliodes Forster, 1964
  • Antopedaliodes Forster, 1964
  • Apexacuta Pyrcz, 2004
  • Arhuaco Adams & Bernard, 1977
  • Cheimas Thieme, 1907
  • Corades Doubleday, 1849
  • Corderopedaliodes Forster, 1964
  • Daedalma Hewitson, 1858
  • Dangond Adams & Bernard, 1979
  • Drucina Butler, 1872
  • Druphila Pyrcz, 2004
  • Eretris Thieme, 1905
  • Eteona Doubleday, 1848
  • Foetterleia Viloria, 2004
  • Junea Hemming, 1964
  • Lasiophila Felder & Felder, 1859
  • Lymanopoda Westwood, 1851
  • Mygona Thieme, 1907
  • Neopedaliodes Viloria, Miller & Miller 2004
  • Oxeoschistus Butler, 1867
  • Panyapedaliodes Forster, 1964
  • Paramo Adams & Bernard, 1977
  • Parapedaliodes Forster, 1964
  • Pedaliodes Butler, 1867
  • Pherepedaliodes Forster, 1964
  • Physcopedaliodes Forster, 1964
  • Praepedaliodes Forster, 1964
  • Praepronophila Forster, 1964
  • Proboscis Thieme, 1907
  • Pronophila Doubleday, 1849
  • Protopedaliodes Viloria & Pyrcz, 1994
  • Pseudomaniola Röber, 1889
  • Punapedaliodes Forster, 1964
  • Steremnia Thieme, 1905
  • Steroma Westwood, 1850
  • Steromapedaliodes Forster, 1964
  • Thiemeia Weymer, 1912
  • Diaphanos Adams & Bernard, 1981
  • Ianussiusa Pyrcz & Viloria, 2004
  • Idioneurula Strand, 1932
  • Manerebia Staudinger, 1897
  • Neomaniola Hayward, 1949
  • Argyrophorus Blanchard, 1852
  • Auca Hayward, 1953
  • Chillanella Herrera, 1966
  • Cosmosatyrus Felder & Felder, 1867
  • Elina Blanchard, 1852
  • Faunula Felder & Felder, 1867
  • Haywardella Herrera, 1966
  • Homoeonympha Felder & Felder, 1867
  • Nelia Hayward, 1953
  • Neomaenas Wallengren, 1858
  • Neosatyrus Wallengren, 1858
  • Pampasatyrus Hayward, 1953
  • Quilaphoestosus Herrera, 1966
  • Spinantenna Hayward, 1953
  • Tetraphlebia Felder & Felder, 1867
  • Gyrocheilus Butler, 1867
Satyrina Boisduval, 1833
Ypthimina Reuter, 1896
subtribe uncertain
  • Calisto Hübner, 1823
  • Paralasa Moore, 1893
  • Callerebia Butler, 1867
  • Proterebia Roos & Amschied, 1980
  • Loxerebia Watkins, 1925
  • Dyndirus Capronnier, 1874
More information Miller (1968), Harvey (1991) ...

Notes

  1. Lamas (2004) was excluded because it only listed genera distributed in the Neotropics. Also, note that the table does not include all subtribes of this tribe (e.g. there are not subtribes Eritina, Ragadiina and tribe Dirini), and some genera have been further reclassified (e.g. Aeropetes and Paralethe from Melanitini to Dirini, Orsotriaena and Zipaetis from Coenonymphina to Eritina) or synonymized (e.g. Satyrodes was synonymized with Lethe), since Peña et al. (2006).[1]

References

Citations

  1. [1]
    Wahlberg 2019.
  2. [2]
    PEÑA, NYLIN & WAHLBERG 2011.
  3. [3]
    Peña & Wahlberg 2008.
  4. [4]
    Freitas et al. 2019.
  5. [5]
    Peña et al. 2006.
  6. [6]
    Chen et al. 2020.
  7. [7]
    Marín et al. 2011.

Sources
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