Temiar_language
Temiar language
Austroasiatic language spoken in Malaysia
Temiar is a Central Aslian (Mon–Khmer) language spoken in Western Malaysia by the Temiar people. The Temiar are one of the most numerous Aslian-speaking peoples, numbering around 30,000 in 2017.[2]
Etymologically, the word "Temiar" means "edge" or "side". This meaning reflects the way in which Temiars describe themselves as "people of the edge, outside, [i.e. jungle]."[3]
Vowels
Consonants
Noun Phrase
The noun phrase is (pro)noun initial followed by modifiers and demonstratives or possessor pronouns. Pronouns may not be modified by another pronoun.[4] There are three allomorphic classes of pronouns (stressed unstressed, and bound). Stressed third person pronouns must occur with a demonstrative (and hence only occur as unstressed or as bound morphemes on the demonstrative (e.g. na-doh 'he-here' or ʔun-tu:y 'they-elsewhere.'[4]
| Person | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inclusive | Exclusive | Inclusive | Exclusive | ||
| 1 | ye:ʔ | ʔa:r | ya:r | ʔɛ:ʔ | kanɛ:ʔ |
| 2 | ha:ʔ | kəʔan | ɲɔb | ||
| Person | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inclusive | Exclusive | Inclusive | Exclusive | ||
| 1 | yeh | ʔah | yah | ʔɛh | kanɛh |
| 2 | hah | kəʔan | ɲɔb | ||
| 3 | ʔəh | weh wɛh | ʔun ʔən | ||
| Person | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inclusive | Exclusive | Inclusive | Exclusive | ||
| 1 | ʔi- | ʔa- | ya- | ʔɛ- | kanɛ-
ki- kɛ- |
| 2 | ha- | kəʔa- | ɲɔ(b)- | ||
| 3 | na- ʔə- | we- wɛ- | ʔun- | ||
Verb Phrase
The verb phrase is ordered as sentential negation, auxiliary verb and main verb. The verb phrase precedes the subject.[4]
- Temiar at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- Benjamin, Geoffrey (November 2013). "Aesthetic elements in Temiar grammar". In Williams, Jeffrey P (ed.). The Aesthetics of Grammar: Sound and Meaning in the Languages of Mainland Southeast Asia. pp. 36–60. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139030489.004. ISBN 9781139030489. Retrieved 2019-10-14.
- Benjamin, Geoffrey (2012). "The Peculiar History of the Ethnonym "Temiar"". Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia. 27 (2): 205–233. doi:10.1355/sj27-2a.
- Benjamin, Geoffrey. 2011. "Deponent verbs and middle-voice nouns in Temiar." In: Sophana Srichampa & Paul Sidwell (eds), Austroasiatic Studies: Papers from ICAAL4 (=Mon-Khmer Studies, Special Issue no. 2), Canberra: Pacific Linguistics E-8, pp. 11–37. ISBN 9780858836419 (electronic document)
- Benjamin, Geoffrey. 2012. "The Temiar causative (and related features)." Mon-Khmer Studies 41: 32–45. ISSN 0147-5207 (online).
- Benjamin, Geoffrey. 2014. "Aesthetic elements in Temiar grammar." In: Jeffrey Williams (ed.), The Aesthetics of Grammar: Sound and Meaning in the Languages of Mainland Southeast Asia, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 36–60. ISBN 9781107007123 (print, hard cover), ISBN 9781107496309 (eBook, 2013). doi:10.1017/CBO9781139030489.004
- http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)
- http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-D44A-D@view Temiar in RWAAI Digital Archive