Thallide

Thallide

Thallide

Class of chemical compounds

Not to be confused with Thalidomide.

Thallides are compounds containing anions composed of thallium. There are several thallium atoms in a cluster, and it does not occur as a single Tl− in thallides.[1][2] They are a subclass of trielides,[2] which also includes gallides and indides.[3] A more general classification is polar intermetallics, as clusters contain delocalized multicentre bonds.[4] Thallides were discovered by Eduard Zintl in 1932.[5]

Mixed anion compounds with thallides include halides (bromides and chlorides),[6] oxides,[7] and tetrelates (silicate, germanate).[8]

Production

Thallide compounds can be produced by melting metals together in a tantalum crucible under an inert argon atmosphere.[3] However if arsenic is included in the mix, it can react with the crucible wall.[9]

A low temperature production route, is to dissolve an alkali metal in liquid ammonia, and use that to reduce a thallium salt, like thallium iodide.[10]

Properties

Thallide compounds are dense, dense to X-rays and usually metallic grey or black in appearance.

Thallide clusters mostly do not follow Wade-Mingos rules or the Zintl–Klemm concept, as they have too small a negative charge. They can be called "hypoelectronic".[11]

Reactions

In liquid ammonia, oxidation occurs yielding metal amides, and thallium metal.[2]

Thallides react with water and air.[2]

List

More information formula, system ...

References

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