Tracheoesophageal_septum

Tracheoesophageal septum

Tracheoesophageal septum

Embryological structure dividing the trachea from the oesophagus

The tracheoesophageal septum is an embryological structure. It is formed from the tracheoesophageal folds or ridges which fuse in the midline. It divides the oesophagus from the trachea during prenatal development. Developmental abnormalities can lead to a tracheoesophageal fistula.

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Structure

The tracheoesophageal septum is formed from the tracheoesophageal folds laterally (longitudinal ridges), which fuse in the midline.[2][3] It divides the oesophagus from the trachea.[4] This is complete by 6 weeks of gestation.[3] It divides the foregut tube: the laryngotracheal tube ventrally and oesophagus dorsally.[5]

Function

The tracheoesophageal septum divides the oesophagus from the trachea during prenatal development.[4]

Clinical significance

Developmental abnormalities of the tracheoesophageal septum can lead to a tracheoesophageal fistula.[6] This may be caused by certain mutations of genes involved in its development.[4] Other theories for the origin of tracheoesophageal fistula have been suggested.[7][8] A laryngotracheal cleft is a related abnormality.[9]

References

  1. [1]
    Respiratory System
  2. [2]
    Bax, Klaas (2010). "27 - Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Malformations". Ashcraft's Pediatric Surgery (5th ed.). Saunders. pp. 345–361. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4160-6127-4.00027-6. ISBN 978-1-4160-6127-4.
  3. [3]
    Sylvester, Karl G.; Ghole, Saif; Albanese, Craig T. (2010). "22 - Congenital Bronchopulmonary Malformations". Ashcraft's Pediatric Surgery (5th ed.). Saunders. pp. 279–289. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4160-6127-4.00022-7. ISBN 978-1-4160-6127-4.
  4. [4]
    Shojaie, Sharareh; Post, Martin (2017). "64 - Molecular Mechanisms of Lung Development and Lung Branching Morphogenesis". Fetal and Neonatal Physiology. Vol. 1 (5th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 658–666. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-35214-7.00064-0. ISBN 978-0-323-35214-7.
  5. [5]
    Development of the Digestive System Archived 2007-11-23 at the Wayback Machine
  6. [6]
    "Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula - February 15, 1999 - American Academy of Family Physicians". Archived from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
  7. [7]
    Kulungowski, Ann M. (2018). "89 - Tracheoesophageal Malformations". Abernathy's Surgical Secrets (7th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 409–411. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-47873-1.00089-9. ISBN 978-0-323-47873-1.
  8. [8]
    Gulati, Reema; Radhakrishnan, Kadakkal; Thomson, Mike A. (2011). "20 - Developmental Anatomy and Physiology of the Esophagus". Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease (4th ed.). Saunders. pp. 207–220. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4377-0774-8.10020-X. ISBN 978-1-4377-0774-8.
  9. [9]
    Kumar, S.; Salib, R. (2006). "Upper Airway Obstruction". Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine. Academic Press. pp. 375–385. doi:10.1016/B0-12-370879-6/00415-4. ISBN 978-0-12-370879-3.
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