The 1919 Spen Valley by-election was held on 20 December 1919. The by-election was held after the death of the incumbent Coalition Liberal MP, Thomas Whittaker. It was won by the Labour candidate, Tom Myers,^[1] who had contested the constituency at the 1918 general election. The 1918 contest had been a straight fight between Whittaker and Myers, and had seen the former emerge victorious with a majority of 2,156 votes (11.2% of votes cast).^[2]

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1919 Spen Valley by-election

← 1918 20 December 1919 1922 →

Candidate Myers Simon Fairfax Party Labour Liberal National Liberal Popular vote 11,962 10,244 8,134 Percentage 39.4% 33.8% 26.8%

MP before election Whittaker Liberal Elected MP Myers Labour

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The poll came at the same time as a serious split in the Liberal Party over continuing support for the coalition government: Colonel Bryan Fairfax was nominated as the Coalition Liberal candidate, and Sir John Simon stood as an Independent Liberal.^[3] The poll was held on 20 December 1919, but the votes were not counted until 3 January 1920.^[3] The result was seen as sensational,^[4] with The Times describing it as a "political event of great significance", with voters deserting the government candidate in "a humiliation which cannot be explained away".^[5]

In the view of Maurice Cowling, Simon's defeat by Labour marked the point at which Labour began to be seen as a serious threat by the older parties.

At the 1922 general election, Simon contested the seat as the sole Liberal candidate, although the Conservatives now fielded a candidate. However Simon emerged victorious with a majority of 787 votes over Myers. Myers would fight the seat again in 1923 and 1924, but Simon increased his majority on both occasions, most significantly to over 4,000 votes in 1924 when no Conservative opposed him.^[2] In the 1930s Simon broke from the Liberal Party, eventually forming his own Liberal National Party which worked in close alliance with the Conservatives. He would hold the Spen Valley seat until his elevation to the peerage in 1940, prompting the 1940 Spen Valley by-election.^[2]