Events from the year 1940 in Scotland.

• Secretary of State for Scotland and Keeper of the Great Seal – John Colville until 10 May; vacant until 14 May; then Ernest Brown

• 1 January – the Marriage (Scotland) Act 1939 outlawed "irregular" marriages ("marriage by declaration" or "handfasting") from this date, ending the practice of "anvil marriage" at Gretna Green.^[1]
• 17 January – World War II: German submarine U-25 sank SS Polzella and the neutral Norwegian ship Enid 10 miles north of Shetland.
• 9 February – World War II: A German aircraft was forced down on North Berwick Law.
• 3–9 March – RMS Queen Elizabeth made her maiden voyage on delivery from Clydebank to New York.
• 11 March – World War II: Scotland north and west of the Great Glen and Inverness became a restricted area.
• 16 March – World War II: First civilian casualty of bombing in the UK, on Orkney.^[2]
• 10 April – World War II: the German cruiser Königsberg was sunk at Bergen by British Fleet Air Arm Blackburn Skua dive bombers flying from RNAS Hatston in Orkney.
• 30 April – French destroyer Maillé Brézé was sunk by accidental explosion off Greenock.
• May – construction of Churchill Barriers on Orkney began.
• 9 May – Guy Lloyd won the East Renfrewshire by-election for the Unionist Party.
• 29 May – World War II: Requisitioned Clyde steamers Queen-Empress, Duchess of Fife, Oriole (called Eagle on the Clyde), Marmion and Waverley took part in the Dunkirk evacuation; Waverley was lost.^[3]
• 12 June – World War II: More than 10,000 soldiers of the 51st (Highland) Division under General Victor Fortune surrendered to General Erwin Rommel at Saint-Valery-en-Caux.^[4]
• 16 June – World War II: The troopships Andes, Aquitania, Empress of Britain, Empress of Canada, Mauretania and Queen Mary steamed in convoy into the River Clyde and anchored off Gourock with the first large contingent of Australian and New Zealand troops.^[5]
• 24 June–1 July – World War II: Operation Fish – Royal Navy cruiser HMS Emerald sails from Greenock in convoy to Halifax, Nova Scotia, carrying a large part of the gold reserves of the United Kingdom and securities for safe keeping in Canada. Another convoy sets sail on 5 July from the Clyde, including HMS Batory,^[6] carrying cargo worth $1.7 billion, the largest movement of wealth in history.^[7]
• 1 July – World War II: First Luftwaffe daylight bombing raid on mainland Britain at Bank Row, Wick: 15 civilians, 8 of them children, killed.^[8]
• 19 July – World War II: First Luftwaffe daylight raid on Glasgow; little damage was caused.^[9]
• 20 July – World War II: A Luftwaffe bomb largely destroyed the stand at King's Park F.C.'s Forthbank Park in Stirling, leading to the demise of the club.
• 16 September – World War II: British liner SS Aska was bombed by a German aircraft south of Gigha whilst carrying French troops from Gambia; 12 crew died but 75 survivors were picked up by trawlers.
• November – World War II: Building of No. 1 Military Port at Faslane on the Gare Loch^[10] and No. 2 Military Port at Cairnryan began.^[11] Garelochhead Training Camp is also established this year.
• Kilquhanity School near Castle Douglas was founded by John Aitkenhead.

• 6 January – John Byrne, playwright and artist
• 11 January – Sydney Devine, singer (died 2021)
• 18 January – Lindsay L. Cooper, jazz string player (died 2001)
• 24 February – Denis Law, international footballer
• 28 February – Jim Baikie, comics artist (died 2017)^[12]
• 2 March – Billy McNeill, Celtic footballer and manager (died 2019)
• 3 March – Patricia Gage, actress (died 2010 in Canada)
• 15 March – Jack Whyte, historical novelist (died 2021 in Canada)
• 19 April – Dougal Haston, mountaineer (killed 1977 in the Swiss Alps)
• 14 May
  • Chay Blyth, yachtsman and adventurer
  • Sir George Ross Mathewson, businessman
• 23 May – Giles Gordon, author and agent (died 2003)
• 8 June - Stanley Robertson, folk singer, ballad singer and piper (died 2009)
• 23 June
  • Derry Irvine, Baron Irvine of Lairg, Lord Chancellor
  • Stuart Sutcliffe, pop musician and artist (died 1962 in Hamburg)
• 28 June – Roderick Wright, Bishop of Argyll and the Isles (Catholic) (died 2005 in New Zealand)
• 29 June – Bill Napier, astronomer and science fiction author
• 1 July – Craig Brown, footballer and Scotland national football team manager (died 2023)
• 10 July – Tom Farmer, entrepreneur
• 28 July – Brigit Forsyth, actress, born in Yorkshire (died 2023)
• 4 August – Robin Harper, Green politician
• 20 August – Gus Macdonald, television journalist and Labour politician
• 3 November – Charlie Gallagher, footballer (died 2021)
• 4 November – Sally Baldwin, social sciences professor (died 2003 in Italy)^[13]
• 24 November – Donald Macleod, theologian
• 1 December – Mike Denness, international cricketer (died 2013)^[14]
• William Barr, Arctic historian
• Peter Kerr, travel writer

• 11 February – John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir, novelist, historian and Unionist politician (born 1875; died in Canada)
• 15 June – George Washington Browne, architect (born 1853)
• 18 June – Sir George Andreas Berry, ophthalmologist and Unionist politician (born 1853)
• 19 November – James Cromar Watt, artist, architect and jeweller (born 1862)
• 16 December – William Wallace, classical composer and ophthalmologist (born 1860; died in England)
• Dugald Campbell, doctor from the Isle of Arran, set up the national health service in Hawaii during the 1890s

• Publication of The Golden Treasury of Scottish Poetry edited by Hugh MacDiarmid.

• Timeline of Scottish history
• 1940 in Northern Ireland