The following lists events that happened during 1942 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

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← 1941 1940 1939 1942 in the Soviet Union → 1943 1944 1945
Decades:	1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s
See also:	History of the Soviet Union List of years in the Soviet Union

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• General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin
• Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union – Mikhail Kalinin
• Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin

• 7 January – Svetlana Savyolova, Russian actress
• 27 April – Valeri Polyakov, Russian cosmonaut
• 19 September – Indrek Toome, Estonian businessman and politician
• 21 November - Liudmyla Sheremet, Ukrainian anesthesiologist^[1]

• 14 February – Matvey Kuzmin
• 14 August – Sabina Spielrein

• 1942 in fine arts of the Soviet Union
• List of Soviet films of 1942