Supreme Soviet elections were held in the Russian SFSR on 18 February 1951,^[1][2] as part of regional elections across the Soviet Union.

The elections took place amidst a series of purges of figures disliked by the government, including the anti-cosmopolitan campaign, the Trophy Affair [ru], as well as deportations (including the deportation of the Soviet Greeks) and persecution of religions (including Operation North). The Cold War had also begun, including incidents such as the Berlin Blockade, Battle of Korea Strait and the Tito–Stalin split.

The elections were held in accordance with the Regulations on Elections to the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, which had been approved by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR on 11 December 1950.^[3]

Soviet propaganda actively covered the elections in news publications, emphasising their supposed transparency and fairness and contrasting them with the elections of Western Europe and North America.^[1][2]

Soviet elections began to be a ritual to show loyalty to the government and some voters attended as early as possible to demonstrate their loyalty, with some queueing up early in the night, as the first person to vote was included in the report for the regional committee. The elections were classed as a holiday, with buffets with sandwiches, sweets and scarce goods provided, while there were also concerts, including jazz.^[4]