1952_Quebec_general_election
The 1952 Quebec general election was held on July 16, 1952, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. The incumbent Union Nationale, led by Maurice Duplessis, won re-election, defeating the Quebec Liberal Party, led by Georges-Émile Lapalme.
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Quick Facts 92 seats in the 24th Legislative Assembly of Quebec 47 seats were needed for a majority, First party ...
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92 seats in the 24th Legislative Assembly of Quebec 47 seats were needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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This was the fourth time (and the third in a row) that Duplessis led his party to a general election victory.
The number of seats won by the Liberals, and their share of the popular vote, were considerably increased over the previous election in 1948.
Thérèse Casgrain became the first female leader of a Quebec political party, heading the CCF.
Of the 92 races, 56 were two-way contests between the two major parties:
More information Candidates, Total ...
| Candidates | UN | Lib | CCF | I-UN | I-Lib | Ind | Lab-Pr | Lbr | PN | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 56 | 56 | 112 | |||||||
| 3 | 23 | 24 | 11 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 72 | |
| 4 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 32 | ||
| 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 20 | |||
| Total | 91 | 92 | 23 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 236 |
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Henri Groulx (Montréal-Outremont) was the first candidate to learn that he had been reelected, but he died within an hour of hearing the news.[2] Georges-Émile Lapalme, who had lost his campaign to take Joliette,[3] would subsequently win the Outremont byelection held on July 9, 1953.[4]
There were two notable results that arose from the election:
- From 1952 until the 1966 election, Frank Hanley (Montréal–Sainte-Anne) would be the only candidate outside the UN and Liberals to win a seat in the Legislature.
- For the first time since the 1936 election, no party other than the UN and the Liberals received more than 1% of the popular vote. This would continue until 1966.
More information Political party, Party leader ...
| Political party | Party leader | MPPs | Votes | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candidates | 1948 | 1952 | ± | # | ± | % | ± (pp) | |||
| Union Nationale | Maurice Duplessis | 91 | 82 | 68 | 14 | 847,983 | 72,236 | 50.50% | 0.75 | |
| Liberal | Georges-Émile Lapalme | 92 | 8 | 23 | 15 | 768,539 | 221,061 | 45.77% | 9.61 | |
| Co-operative Commonwealth | Thérèse Casgrain | 23 | – | – | – | 16,039 | 7,023 | 0.96% | 0.36 | |
| Union des électeurs | did not campaign | |||||||||
| Other candidates | ||||||||||
| █ Independent | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 13,846 | 10,110 | 0.82% | 0.76 | ||
| █ Independent-Unionist | 10 | – | – | – | 13,197 | 4,548 | 0.79% | 0.22 | ||
| Parti National[a 1] | 1 | – | – | – | 9,734 | New | 0.58% | New | ||
| █ Independent-Liberal | 8 | – | – | – | 4,966 | 1,998 | 0.30% | 0.10 | ||
| █ Labor–Progressive | 4 | – | – | – | 3,932 | 967 | 0.23% | 0.09 | ||
| █ Labour | 3 | – | – | – | 1,027 | 71 | 0.06% | 0.01 | ||
| Total | 236 | 92 | 92 | 1,679,263 | 100% | |||||
| Rejected ballots | 25,648 | 7,720 |
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| Voter turnout | 1,704,911 | 173,012 |
75.88 | 0.66 | ||||||
| Registered electors | 2,246,998 | 210,422 |
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- contested by René Chaloult (Québec-Comté), who had previously won as an Independent in 1948. This was the only riding in which the UN did not field a candidate but Léopold Larochelle did campaign as an Independent Unionist.
More information Party, Seats ...
| Party | Seats | Votes | Change (pp) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| █ Union Nationale | 68 / 92 | 50.50% | -0.75 | ||
| █ Liberal | 23 / 92 | 45.77% | 9.61 | 9.61 | |
| █ Independent | 1 / 92 | 0.82% | -0.76 | ||
| █ Other | 0 / 92 | 2.91% | -8.10 | ||
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Synopsis of results
More information Riding, Winning party ...
| Riding | Winning party | Turnout [a 1] |
Votes | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | 1948 | Party | Votes | Share | Margin # |
Margin % |
UN | Lib | CCF | Ind | PN | I-UN | I-Lib | Lab-Pr | Lab | Total | |||
| Abitibi-Est | UN | UN | 12,497 | 57.01% | 3,074 | 14.02% | 77.64% | 12,497 | 9,423 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 21,920 | ||
| Abitibi-Ouest | UN | UN | 6,713 | 55.15% | 1,254 | 10.30% | 87.83% | 6,713 | 5,459 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12,172 | ||
| Argenteuil | UN | UN | 8,248 | 67.92% | 4,352 | 35.84% | 83.18% | 8,248 | 3,896 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12,144 | ||
| Arthabaska | UN | UN | 9,003 | 53.31% | 1,119 | 6.63% | 91.17% | 9,003 | 7,884 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 16,887 | ||
| Bagot | UN | UN | 5,126 | 57.78% | 1,381 | 15.57% | 89.35% | 5,126 | 3,745 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8,871 | ||
| Beauce | UN | UN | 12,939 | 58.21% | 3,649 | 16.42% | 88.09% | 12,939 | 9,290 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 22,229 | ||
| Beauharnois | UN | UN | 10,968 | 61.25% | 4,030 | 22.51% | 82.95% | 10,968 | 6,938 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 17,906 | ||
| Bellechasse | UN | UN | 5,814 | 54.65% | 989 | 9.30% | 81.31% | 5,814 | 4,825 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10,639 | ||
| Berthier | UN | UN | 6,225 | 51.14% | 277 | 2.28% | 89.17% | 6,225 | 5,948 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12,173 | ||
| Bonaventure | UN | UN | 8,875 | 52.14% | 730 | 4.29% | 87.00% | 8,875 | 8,145 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 17,020 | ||
| Brome | UN | UN | 3,982 | 60.57% | 1,550 | 23.58% | 83.84% | 3,982 | 2,432 | 160 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6,574 | ||
| Chambly | UN | UN | 18,486 | 56.54% | 5,120 | 15.66% | 74.16% | 18,486 | 13,366 | 846 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 32,698 | ||
| Champlain | UN | UN | 11,634 | 59.94% | 3,860 | 19.89% | 88.79% | 11,634 | 7,774 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 19,408 | ||
| Charlevoix | UN | UN | 7,454 | 62.64% | 3,133 | 26.33% | 83.20% | 7,454 | 4,321 | – | – | – | 125 | – | – | – | 11,900 | ||
| Châteauguay | UN | UN | 4,691 | 53.70% | 647 | 7.41% | 84.19% | 4,691 | 4,044 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8,735 | ||
| Chicoutimi | UN | UN | 29,572 | 65.66% | 14,106 | 31.32% | 83.35% | 29,572 | 15,466 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 45,038 | ||
| Compton | UN | UN | 6,349 | 59.58% | 2,140 | 20.08% | 83.85% | 6,349 | 4,209 | 98 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10,656 | ||
| Deux-Montagnes | UN | UN | 7,257 | 74.97% | 4,991 | 51.56% | 81.47% | 7,257 | 2,266 | 157 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9,680 | ||
| Dorchester | UN | UN | 9,764 | 61.92% | 3,758 | 23.83% | 85.58% | 9,764 | 6,006 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 15,770 | ||
| Drummond | UN | Lib | 11,873 | 50.25% | 118 | 0.50% | 88.97% | 11,755 | 11,873 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 23,628 | ||
| Frontenac | UN | Lib | 6,464 | 51.13% | 286 | 2.26% | 91.07% | 6,178 | 6,464 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12,642 | ||
| Gaspé-Nord | Lib | UN | 4,364 | 52.45% | 438 | 5.26% | 89.43% | 4,364 | 3,926 | – | – | – | 30 | – | – | – | 8,320 | ||
| Gaspé-Sud | UN | UN | 8,473 | 61.41% | 3,148 | 22.81% | 84.66% | 8,473 | 5,325 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 13,798 | ||
| Gatineau | UN | UN | 8,268 | 60.04% | 3,251 | 23.61% | 77.36% | 8,268 | 5,017 | – | – | – | 486 | – | – | – | 13,771 | ||
| Hull | UN | UN | 12,354 | 60.73% | 5,043 | 24.79% | 79.08% | 12,354 | 7,311 | 679 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 20,344 | ||
| Huntingdon | UN | UN | 3,162 | 52.11% | 256 | 4.22% | 82.87% | 3,162 | 2,906 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6,068 | ||
| Iberville | UN | UN | 3,597 | 58.49% | 1,044 | 16.98% | 85.98% | 3,597 | 2,553 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6,150 | ||
| Îles-de-la-Madeleine | UN | UN | 2,463 | 57.99% | 679 | 15.99% | 89.86% | 2,463 | 1,784 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4,247 | ||
| Jacques-Cartier | Lib | Lib | 22,847 | 53.70% | 4,795 | 11.27% | 68.73% | 18,052 | 22,847 | 1,645 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 42,544 | ||
| Joliette | UN | UN | 10,281 | 57.88% | 2,799 | 15.76% | 89.29% | 10,281 | 7,482 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 17,763 | ||
| Kamouraska | UN | UN | 6,723 | 59.65% | 2,175 | 19.30% | 82.79% | 6,723 | 4,548 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11,271 | ||
| L'Assomption | UN | UN | 6,169 | 55.44% | 1,211 | 10.88% | 88.55% | 6,169 | 4,958 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11,127 | ||
| L'Islet | UN | UN | 5,718 | 57.10% | 1,422 | 14.20% | 85.27% | 5,718 | 4,296 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10,014 | ||
| Labelle | UN | UN | 6,394 | 58.97% | 1,945 | 17.94% | 87.78% | 6,394 | 4,449 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10,843 | ||
| Lac-Saint-Jean | UN | UN | 8,180 | 57.87% | 2,385 | 16.87% | 85.78% | 8,180 | 5,795 | – | – | – | 161 | – | – | – | 14,136 | ||
| Laval | UN | UN | 34,656 | 52.40% | 5,972 | 9.03% | 66.97% | 34,656 | 28,684 | 771 | – | – | 2,031 | – | – | – | 66,142 | ||
| Laviolette | UN | UN | 9,598 | 52.67% | 972 | 5.33% | 82.44% | 9,598 | 8,626 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 18,224 | ||
| Lévis | UN | Lib | 9,725 | 50.26% | 99 | 0.51% | 85.35% | 9,626 | 9,725 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 19,351 | ||
| Lotbinière | UN | UN | 6,702 | 54.51% | 1,108 | 9.01% | 89.61% | 6,702 | 5,594 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12,296 | ||
| Maisonneuve | UN | Lib | 18,393 | 49.93% | 672 | 1.82% | 67.51% | 17,721 | 18,393 | 723 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 36,837 | ||
| Maskinongé | UN | UN | 5,074 | 53.82% | 721 | 7.65% | 92.72% | 5,074 | 4,353 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9,427 | ||
| Matane | UN | UN | 10,241 | 58.89% | 3,093 | 17.79% | 86.76% | 10,241 | 7,148 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 17,389 | ||
| Matapédia | UN | UN | 6,797 | 51.16% | 427 | 3.21% | 87.46% | 6,797 | 6,370 | – | 118 | – | – | – | – | – | 13,285 | ||
| Mégantic | UN | UN | 10,710 | 51.38% | 577 | 2.77% | 91.04% | 10,710 | 10,133 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 20,843 | ||
| Missisquoi | UN | UN | 7,191 | 61.42% | 2,675 | 22.85% | 82.40% | 7,191 | 4,516 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11,707 | ||
| Montcalm | UN | UN | 4,141 | 52.72% | 428 | 5.45% | 88.19% | 4,141 | 3,713 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7,854 | ||
| Montmagny | UN | UN | 6,409 | 59.49% | 2,045 | 18.98% | 83.13% | 6,409 | 4,364 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10,773 | ||
| Montmorency | UN | UN | 5,894 | 60.17% | 1,992 | 20.33% | 86.92% | 5,894 | 3,902 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9,796 | ||
| Montréal–Jeanne-Mance | UN | Lib | 22,666 | 48.48% | 2,618 | 5.60% | 62.83% | 20,048 | 22,666 | 1,849 | – | – | 2,194 | – | – | – | 46,757 | ||
| Montréal-Laurier | UN | UN | 14,595 | 49.67% | 1,791 | 6.10% | 67.20% | 14,595 | 12,804 | 436 | – | – | – | 1,549 | – | – | 29,384 | ||
| Montréal-Mercier | UN | UN | 16,280 | 51.88% | 3,211 | 10.23% | 64.15% | 16,280 | 13,069 | 1,044 | – | – | – | 986 | – | – | 31,379 | ||
| Montréal–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce | Lib | Lib | 18,489 | 64.83% | 11,516 | 40.38% | 47.80% | 6,973 | 18,489 | 634 | 2,066 | – | – | 359 | – | – | 28,521 | ||
| Montréal-Outremont | Lib | Lib | 18,794 | 61.01% | 8,482 | 27.53% | 51.62% | 10,312 | 18,794 | 581 | – | – | – | – | 1,119 | – | 30,806 | ||
| Montréal–Saint-Henri | UN | Lib | 19,254 | 56.01% | 5,153 | 14.99% | 72.54% | 14,101 | 19,254 | 562 | – | – | – | – | – | 460 | 34,377 | ||
| Montréal–Saint-Jacques | UN | UN | 11,049 | 54.08% | 2,178 | 10.66% | 60.43% | 11,049 | 8,871 | 230 | – | – | – | – | 282 | – | 20,432 | ||
| Montréal–Saint-Louis | Lib | Lib | 15,226 | 50.36% | 3,759 | 12.43% | 50.94% | 11,467 | 15,226 | 526 | – | – | – | 707 | 2,311 | – | 30,237 | ||
| Montréal–Sainte-Anne | Ind | Ind | 11,210 | 62.87% | 5,621 | 31.52% | 55.29% | 410 | 5,589 | 445 | 11,210 | – | – | 177 | – | – | 17,831 | ||
| Montréal–Sainte-Marie | UN | Lib | 15,019 | 50.90% | 1,773 | 6.01% | 66.85% | 13,246 | 15,019 | 218 | – | – | – | 806 | 220 | – | 29,509 | ||
| Montréal-Verdun | Lib | Lib | 17,219 | 62.17% | 10,040 | 36.25% | 61.09% | 7,179 | 17,219 | 2,857 | – | – | – | – | – | 443 | 27,698 | ||
| Napierville-Laprairie | UN | UN | 7,094 | 57.29% | 1,806 | 14.59% | 88.47% | 7,094 | 5,288 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12,382 | ||
| Nicolet | UN | UN | 7,191 | 50.86% | 242 | 1.71% | 85.60% | 7,191 | 6,949 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 14,140 | ||
| Papineau | UN | UN | 11,707 | 64.97% | 5,794 | 32.15% | 84.33% | 11,707 | 5,913 | 400 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 18,020 | ||
| Pontiac | UN | UN | 5,792 | 61.22% | 2,247 | 23.75% | 83.90% | 5,792 | 3,545 | 124 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 9,461 | ||
| Portneuf | UN | UN | 10,665 | 52.90% | 1,676 | 8.31% | 85.94% | 10,665 | 8,989 | – | – | – | 508 | – | – | – | 20,162 | ||
| Québec-Centre | UN | UN | 9,593 | 54.50% | 1,585 | 9.01% | 76.09% | 9,593 | 8,008 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 17,601 | ||
| Québec-Comté | Ind | Lib | 11,230 | 39.67% | 1,496 | 5.28% | 83.11% | – | 11,230 | – | – | 9,734 | 7,344 | – | – | – | 28,308 | ||
| Québec-Est | UN | Lib | 15,778 | 51.12% | 860 | 2.79% | 81.22% | 14,918 | 15,778 | – | – | – | – | 167 | – | – | 30,863 | ||
| Québec-Ouest | UN | Lib | 8,787 | 50.53% | 183 | 1.05% | 79.16% | 8,604 | 8,787 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 17,391 | ||
| Richelieu | UN | Lib | 8,751 | 52.88% | 954 | 5.77% | 89.91% | 7,797 | 8,751 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 16,548 | ||
| Richmond | UN | Lib | 8,156 | 51.07% | 341 | 2.14% | 87.33% | 7,815 | 8,156 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 15,971 | ||
| Rimouski | UN | UN | 9,210 | 52.05% | 981 | 5.54% | 83.69% | 9,210 | 8,229 | – | – | – | 256 | – | – | – | 17,695 | ||
| Rivière-du-Loup | UN | UN | 8,689 | 51.15% | 453 | 2.67% | 89.38% | 8,689 | 8,236 | – | – | – | 62 | – | – | – | 16,987 | ||
| Roberval | UN | UN | 11,478 | 59.24% | 3,579 | 18.47% | 87.64% | 11,478 | 7,899 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 19,377 | ||
| Rouville | UN | UN | 5,263 | 58.77% | 1,571 | 17.54% | 81.70% | 5,263 | 3,692 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8,955 | ||
| Rouyn-Noranda | UN | UN | 6,998 | 52.55% | 678 | 5.09% | 79.08% | 6,998 | 6,320 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 13,318 | ||
| Saguenay | UN | UN | 8,977 | 62.55% | 4,054 | 28.25% | 75.34% | 8,977 | 4,923 | – | 452 | – | – | – | – | – | 14,352 | ||
| Saint-Hyacinthe | UN | UN | 9,542 | 55.15% | 1,783 | 10.31% | 78.19% | 9,542 | 7,759 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 17,301 | ||
| Saint-Jean | UN | UN | 7,901 | 60.64% | 2,772 | 21.27% | 83.44% | 7,901 | 5,129 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 13,030 | ||
| Saint-Maurice | UN | Lib | 14,489 | 57.91% | 3,960 | 15.83% | 87.70% | 10,529 | 14,489 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 25,018 | ||
| Saint-Sauveur | UN | UN | 12,877 | 57.02% | 3,293 | 14.58% | 85.54% | 12,877 | 9,584 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 124 | 22,585 | ||
| Shefford | UN | Lib | 9,792 | 50.59% | 230 | 1.19% | 83.05% | 9,562 | 9,792 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 19,354 | ||
| Sherbrooke | UN | UN | 14,905 | 55.77% | 3,480 | 13.02% | 74.15% | 14,905 | 11,425 | 395 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 26,725 | ||
| Stanstead | UN | UN | 7,047 | 50.32% | 91 | 0.65% | 75.60% | 7,047 | 6,956 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 14,003 | ||
| Témiscamingue | UN | Lib | 4,284 | 52.72% | 442 | 5.44% | 85.17% | 3,842 | 4,284 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8,126 | ||
| Témiscouata | UN | UN | 5,776 | 52.92% | 638 | 5.85% | 86.65% | 5,776 | 5,138 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10,914 | ||
| Terrebonne | UN | UN | 17,763 | 55.91% | 3,970 | 12.50% | 85.41% | 17,763 | 13,793 | – | – | – | – | 215 | – | – | 31,771 | ||
| Trois-Rivières | UN | UN | 15,493 | 60.64% | 5,435 | 21.27% | 90.65% | 15,493 | 10,058 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 25,551 | ||
| Vaudreuil-Soulanges | UN | UN | 7,235 | 55.44% | 1,420 | 10.88% | 83.14% | 7,235 | 5,815 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 13,050 | ||
| Verchères | Lib | Lib | 4,673 | 53.97% | 688 | 7.95% | 88.13% | 3,985 | 4,673 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8,658 | ||
| Westmount–Saint-Georges | Lib | Lib | 12,455 | 75.99% | 9,179 | 56.00% | 46.48% | 3,276 | 12,455 | 659 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 16,390 | ||
| Wolfe | UN | Lib | 3,995 | 50.42% | 66 | 0.83% | 92.33% | 3,929 | 3,995 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7,924 | ||
| Yamaska | UN | UN | 4,382 | 59.29% | 1,373 | 18.58% | 88.59% | 4,382 | 3,009 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 7,391 | ||
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- including spoilt ballots
- = open seat
- = turnout is above provincial average
- = winning candidate was in previous Legislature
- = incumbent had switched allegiance
- = other incumbents renominated
Analysis
More information Party in 1st place, Party in 2nd place ...
| Party in 1st place | Party in 2nd place | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UN | Lib | Nat | |||
| Union Nationale | 68 | 68 | |||
| Liberal | 22 | 1 | 23 | ||
| Independent | 1 | 1 | |||
| Total | 22 | 69 | 1 | 92 | |
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More information Parties, 1st ...
| Parties | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| █ Union Nationale | 68 | 22 | 1 | 91 | ||
| █ Liberal | 23 | 69 | 92 | |||
| █ Independent | 1 | 3 | 4 | |||
| █ Parti National | 1 | 1 | ||||
| █ Co-operative Commonwealth | 15 | 6 | 2 | 23 | ||
| █ Independent UN | 10 | 10 | ||||
| █ Independent Liberal | 4 | 2 | 2 | 8 | ||
| █ Labor–Progressive | 3 | 1 | 4 | |||
| █ Labour | 1 | 2 | 3 |
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More information Source, Party ...
| Source | Party | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UN | Lib | Ind | Total | ||
| Seats retained | Incumbents returned | 62 | 7 | 1 | 70 |
| Open seats held | 5 | 5 | |||
| Seats changing hands | Incumbents defeated | 1 | 16 | 17 | |
| Total | 68 | 23 | 1 | 92 | |
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- Drouilly, Pierre (December 4, 2017). "Élections québécoises de 1952". donneesquebec.ca. Atlas des élections au Québec.
- "Groulx Dies Suddenly". Montreal Gazette. July 17, 1952. p. 1.
- "National Union Again Sweeps Province". Montreal Gazette. July 17, 1952. p. 1.
- "Party Standing in Quebec Unchanged by By-elections". Montreal Gazette. July 10, 1953. p. 1.
- "Les membres de l'Assemblée nationale par circonscription" [National Assembly members by riding] (in French). National Assembly of Quebec. Retrieved September 9, 2023.