This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1954.

• Charlotte Jay (pseudonym of Geraldine Halls) won the inaugural Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Novel for Beat Not the Bones

• James Aldridge – Heroes of the Empty View
• Jon Cleary – The Climate of Courage
• Miles Franklin – Cockatoos : A Story of Youth and Exodists
• Catherine Gaskin – Sara Dane
• T. A. G. Hungerford – Sowers of the Wind : A Novel of the Occupation of Japan
• Eric Lambert
  • The Five Bright Stars
  • The Veterans
• Eve Langley – White Topee
• Kenneth Mackenzie – The Refuge
• Alan Moorehead – A Summer Night
• E. V. Timms – The Fury
• Judah Waten – The Unbending

• Charlotte Jay — Beat Not the Bones
• Arthur Upfield
  • Death of a Lake
  • Sinister Stones

• A. Bertram Chandler – "Shadow Before"
• David Martin – "Where a Man Belongs"
• John Morrison – "The Incense-Burner"
• Dal Stivens – "In the Depths"
• Judah Waten – "Well, What Do You Say to My Boy?"

• Nan Chauncy – A Fortune for the Brave
• Joan Phipson – Six and Silver
• Norman B. Tindale & Harold Arthur Lindsay – The First Walkabout, illustrated by Madeleine Boyce

• Thea Astley – "Droving Man"
• Dorothy Auchterlonie – "The Tree"
• John Blight
  • "The Anchor"
  • "Death of a Whale"
  • "Nor'-Easter"
  • "Rope"
  • The Two Suns Met : Poems
• Dorothea Dowling – Twenty-One Poems
• R. D. Fitzgerald
  • "Beginnings"
  • "Edge"
• Mary Gilmore – Fourteen Men : Verses
• A. D. Hope – "The Return of Persephone"
• Christopher Koch – "The Boy Who Dreamed the Country Night"
• James McAuley
  • "An Art of Poetry"
  • "New Guinea"
  • "To the Holy Spirit"
• Kenneth Mackenzie – "An Old Inmate"
• David Rowbotham – "Mullabinda"
• Douglas Stewart – "Spider-Gums"
• Colin Thiele – "The Mushroomer"
• John Thompson – Thirty Poems
• Judith Wright
  • "At Cooloolah"
  • "Flying Fox on Barbed Wire"

• Nevil Shute – Slide Rule : The Autobiography of an Engineer^[1]
• David Unaipon – My Life Story^[2]

• Vance Palmer – The Legend of the Nineties^[3]

A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1954 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.

• 12 January
  • Brian Caswell, writer for children^[7]
  • Lee Tulloch, novelist^[8]
• 26 March – Dorothy Porter, poet (died 2008)^[9]
• 21 May – Paul Collins, author and editor^[10]
• 17 June – Kerry Greenwood, novelist^[11]
• 5 July – Kevin Hart, poet^[12]
• 20 September – James Moloney, writer for children^[13]
• 1 November – Andrew Lansdown, poet^[14]

Unknown date

• Russell Blackford, novelist and critic^[15]
• Rory Harris, poet^[16]
• Shane McCauley, poet^[17]
• Rosemary Sorensen, journalist, editor and critic^[18]

A list, ordered by date of death (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of deaths in 1954 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of birth.

• 16 May — Jack McLaren, novelist (born 1884)^[19]
• 28 June — Nancy Francis, poet, journalist and short story writer (born 1873)^[20]
• 19 September – Miles Franklin, novelist (born 1879)^[21]
• 2 November – Malcolm Afford, playwright and novelist (born 1906)^[22]

• 1954 in Australia
• 1954 in literature
• 1954 in poetry
• List of years in Australian literature
• List of years in literature