1977–78_South_Pacific_cyclone_season
1977–78 South Pacific cyclone season
Tropical cyclone season
The 1977–78 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was a near-average season, with eight tropical cyclones forming.
| 1977–78 South Pacific cyclone season | |
|---|---|
Season summary map | |
| Seasonal boundaries | |
| First system formed | November 24, 1977 |
| Last system dissipated | April 22, 1978 |
| Strongest storm | |
| Name | Bob and Charles |
| • Maximum winds | 155 km/h (100 mph) (10-minute sustained) |
| • Lowest pressure | 945 hPa (mbar) |
| Seasonal statistics | |
| Total depressions | 8 |
| Tropical cyclones | 8 |
| Severe tropical cyclones | 3 |
| Total fatalities | Unknown |
| Total damage | Unknown |
| Related articles | |
| South Pacific tropical cyclone seasons 1975–76, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1979–80 | |
Tropical Cyclone Steve
Tropical Cyclone Tessa
| Category 1 tropical cyclone (Australian scale) | |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
| Duration | December 5 – December 11 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min); 990 hPa (mbar) |
Tessa precursor tropical depression was first noted on December 5, while it was located in the southern Line Islands of Kiribati.[1][2] Over the next couple of days, the system moved southeastwards and gradually intensified, before it was named Tessa by the FMS during December 7.[1]
During December 9, the system moved in between Puka Puka and Reao as it continued to weaken and move south-eastwards towards the Gambier Islands.[1] The system was last noted during December 11, while it was located about 590 km (365 mi) to the northeast of Adams Town in the Pitcarn Islands.[2] As the system moved through the Tuamotu Islands of French Polynesia, Tessa caused significant precipitation over the islands, with the Puka Puka weather station recording a 24-hour rainfall total of 154.2 mm (6.07 in) during December 8.[1]
Tropical Cyclone Anne
| Category 2 tropical cyclone (Australian scale) | |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
| Duration | December 23 – December 31 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 100 km/h (65 mph) (10-min); 980 hPa (mbar) |
For several days during the week building up to Christmas 1977, a tropical disturbance persisted about 925 km (575 mi) to the northeast of Fiji and to the northwest of Samoa.[3] A distinct cyclonic circulation subsequently started to develop during December 23, while it was located about 740 km (460 mi) to the northeast of Vanua Levu. Over the next day the system moved south-westwards and passed within 75 km (45 mi) of Futuna, before it was named Anne by the FMS during December 24, as satellite pictures showed that a tropical cyclone was developing. During December 25, the winds were indirectly estimated to be off gale-force, as it passed south-westwards through the Fijian Islands.
Severe Tropical Cyclone Bob
Severe Tropical Cyclone Charles
Tropical Cyclone Diana
| Category 2 tropical cyclone (Australian scale) | |
| Duration | February 15 – February 22 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 100 km/h (65 mph) (10-min); 980 hPa (mbar) |
During February 15, a tropical depression developed within the South Pacific Convergence Zone, to the west of French Polynesia's Society Islands.[1][4] Over the next couple of days, the system moved eastwards towards Mopelia while gradually developing further, before it was named Diana by the FMS during February 16.[1]
Tropical Cyclone Ernie
| Category 2 tropical cyclone (Australian scale) | |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
| Duration | February 17 – February 23 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 100 km/h (65 mph) (10-min); 980 hPa (mbar) |
During February 17, the FMS started to monitor a tropical depression that had developed, about 560 km (350 mi) to the northwest of Udu Point in Fiji.[3] During that day, the system deepened as it moved south-eastwards towards Fiji before the FMS named it Ernie.[3]
Severe Tropical Cyclone Hal
| Category 3 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale) | |
| Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
| Duration | April 13 (entered basin) – April 22 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 130 km/h (80 mph) (10-min); 965 hPa (mbar) |
| Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
| Steve | November 24 – December 4 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | ||||
| Tessa | December 5 – 11 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | [1][2] | |||
| Anne | December 23 – 31 | Category 1 tropical cyclone | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | ||||
| Bob | December 31 – January 12 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | ||||
| Charles | February 13 – March 1 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | ||||
| Diana | February 15 – 22 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | ||||
| Ernie | February 17 – 23 | Category 2 tropical cyclone | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | ||||
| Hal | April 13 – 22 | Category 3 severe tropical cyclone | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | ||||
| Season aggregates | ||||||||
| 8 systems | November 24 – April 22 | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | |||||
- Laurent, Victoire; Varney, Patrick (2014). Historique des Cyclones de Polynesie Francaise [History of Cyclones in French Polynesia] (in French). Meteo France. pp. 113–114. ISBN 978-2-9522946-1-4.
- "1977 Tropical Cyclone TESSA (1977339S11204)". The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved September 25, 2021.
- Krishna, Ram (January 4, 1981). Publication No. 2: Tropical Cyclones in Fiji: November 1969 – April 1980 (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. pp. 3–5.
- "1978 Tropical Cyclone Diana (1978047S13197)". The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved September 25, 2021.