General elections were held in Romania on 20 May 1990 to elect the President and members of Parliament.^[1] They were the first elections held after the overthrow of the communist regime six months earlier and the first free elections held in the country since 1937.^[2] It was also the first time the president had been directly elected,^[1] the position having been previously elected by the legislature since it was introduced in 1974.^[3]

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1990 Romanian general election

20 May 1990

Presidential election

← 1985 1992 →

Nominee Ion Iliescu Radu Câmpeanu Ion Rațiu Party FSN PNL PNȚCD Popular vote 12,232,498 1,529,188 617,007 Percentage 85.07% 10.64% 4.29%

Iliescu:   60–70%   70–80%   80–90%   >90% Câmpeanu:   60–70%   70–80%

President before election Ion Iliescu FSN Elected President Ion Iliescu FSN

Parliamentary election

← 1985 1992 →

All 119 seats in the Senate All 396 seats in the Assembly of Deputies

Party Leader % Seats Assembly of Deputies FSN Ion Iliescu 66.31 263 UDMR Géza Domokos 7.23 29 PNL Radu Câmpeanu 6.41 29 MER Toma George Maiorescu 2.62 12 PNȚCD Corneliu Coposu 2.56 12 AUR 2.12 9 PDAR Victor Surdu 1.83 9 PER Otto Weber 1.69 8 PSDR (Socialist) Cornel Nica 1.05 5 PSDR (Social) Sergiu Cunescu 0.53 2 GDC 0.48 2 PDM 0.38 1 PLS Ștefan Cazimir 0.34 1 PRN 0.32 1 PTLDR 0.32 1 UL–B 0.27 1 Minority parties 0.99 11 Senate FSN Ion Iliescu 67.02 91 UDMR Géza Domokos 7.20 12 PNL Radu Câmpeanu 7.06 10 PNȚCD Corneliu Coposu 2.50 1 MER Toma George Maiorescu 2.45 1 AUR 2.15 2 PER Otto Weber 1.38 1 Independents Antonie Iorgovan 3.06 1 This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. The results for the Assembly of Deputies and for the Senate Prime Minister before Prime Minister-designate Petre Roman FSN Petre Roman FSN

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The National Salvation Front (FSN), which had headed the interim government that took power after the overthrow of Nicolae Ceaușescu, won a decisive victory. Opposition parties performed well below expectations; none of them had the time or resources to present themselves as alternatives to the FSN.^[4] Interim President and FSN leader Ion Iliescu was elected for a full term with 85 percent of the vote. The 1990 Romanian presidential election was the first of its kind held in post-1989 Romania. The FSN also won large majorities in both houses of Parliament, with 263 of the 395 seats in the Assembly of Deputies and 91 of the 118 seats in the Senate.

The United States State Department expressed concerns about organised violence and polling irregularities, but concluded that they had had no effect on the outcome and pronounced the elections free and fair.^[5]

To date, this is the only time since direct presidential elections were introduced that a president has been elected without the need for a runoff. Iliescu's 85 percent vote share also remains the highest for a direct presidential election.