The 2002 West Bengal cyclone (JTWC designation: 03B, officially known as Severe Cyclonic Storm BOB 03) was a deadly tropical cyclone that affected India and Bangladesh in November2002. The sixth tropical cyclone and fourth cyclonic storm of the 2002 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, it developed in the Bay of Bengal northeast of Sri Lanka on November10, as a tropical depression. After tracking northeast, the system strengthened into a cyclonic storm on November11, as maximum sustained winds exceeded 65km/h (40mph). On November12, it further intensified into a severe cyclonic storm. Later that day, the storm made landfall on Sagar Island in West Bengal with winds of 100km/h (60mph). After moving inland, it rapidly weakened and dissipated over Bangladesh on November12.
Rough seas offshore Odisha caused two fishing trawlers to collide, resulting in 18fatalities, while two additional trawlers were reported missing. In West Bengal, the storm uprooted trees and dropped heavy rainfall. Throughout India, 124deaths were confirmed. Strong winds and heavy rainfall in Bangladesh impacted many cities and villages, including the capital city of Dhaka, forcing thousands to evacuate. Ten wooden trawlers carrying 150men sank offshore Bangladesh, with only 11reaching safety. Eight additional boats with 60occupants were reported missing. One death was reported in Bangladesh after a man attempted to cross a swollen river. Overall, there were 49fatalities in Bangladesh. The storm was attributed to at least 173fatalities in India, Bangladesh, and offshore areas.
Meteorological history
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Around 0300UTC on November10, a depression developed in the southwestern Bay of Bengal.[1] Three hours later, a bulletin from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) indicated that BOB 03 formed about 265km (165mi) east-southeast of Chennai, India. The system steadily intensified and headed northeastward.[2] At 1200UTC on November11, the depression reached gale force and was upgraded to Cyclonic Storm BOB 03. At that time, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) initiated warnings on Tropical Cyclone 03B. Further strengthening briefly slowed later on November11. However, early on the following day, the storm resumed intensification.[1]
At 0600UTC on November12, BOB 03 became a severe cyclonic storm and reached its maximum sustained wind speed of 100km/h (60mph),[1][nb 1] in addition to an estimated minimum barometric pressure of 984mbar (29.1inHg). However, the Regional Meteorological Centre (RMC) in Kolkata, India bulletin at 0530UTC on November12, reported maximum sustained winds of only 55–75km/h (35–45mph). At 0900UTC on November12, it made landfall near Sagar Island, West Bengal with winds of 100km/h (60mph). Shortly after moving inland, the storm rapidly weakened to a depression. The JTWC issued their final advisory on the storm at 1200UTC on November12, while it was centered about 200km (125mi) northeast of Kolkata.[2] However, the IMD tracked the cyclone until about six hours later, at which time it dissipated over eastern India.[4]
Impact
As the storm approached, residents of low-lying areas were advised to seek shelter. According to the Odisha State Disaster Management Authority, the communication system had been activated and collectors in coastal districts were given satellite telephones. Additionally, district authorities collected food, water, and other essential emergency supplies.[5] Offshore Odisha, rough seas caused two trawlers to collide, resulting in 18fatalities; their bodies were later found floating Dhamra Port in the Bhadrak district of Odisha. Two additional trawlers were reported missing.[1] Nine fishing trawlers sank offshore West Bengal, with only 66fishermen accounted for.[2] Initially, as many as 600were estimated to have been missing, though 250people swam back to Digha, where most of them received treatment at either a medical clinic or a hospital. According to the Chief Minister of West Bengal, 111people were still missing offshore West Bengal by late on November12. Forty-nine fatalities were confirmed offshore India,[6] while two deaths occurred inland in West Bengal.[1] Later, the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters raised the death toll to 124.[7]
Prime Minister of BangladeshKhaleda Zia urged senior officials in Dhaka and coastal districts to prepare for the storm. Officials in Chittagong asked that all 24ships be moved out of the harbor and river channel. In coastal areas, thousands of Red Crescent volunteers reported for duty in order to assist vulnerable villages in preparation of the storm.[8] Winds destroyed bamboo huts, uprooted trees, and disrupted road transport between towns and villages on the shore of the Bay of Bengal.[2] Torrential rainfall in the area flooded dozens of villages, forcing thousands to evacuate.[9] Heavy precipitation also lashed the capital city of Dhaka, inundating streets, which caused a shutdown of electricity and interrupting public transportation.[2] One death was reported after a man drowned while attempting to cross a river in southern Bhola Island.[10] Ten wooden trawlers carrying 150men sank near Cox's Bazar; only 11 of them were known to have survived. An additional eight fishing boats transporting 60people was reported missing off of Barisal Division.[9] By November15, 47fishing vessels were still unaccounted for.[2] A navy motor boat also sunk near Kutubdia, though its six crew members swam ashore.[9] In the aftermath of the storm, the number of deaths in Bangladesh rose to 49.[7]
Overall, the storm resulted in 173confirmed fatalities.[7] Officials in West Bengal accused the meteorological offices of issuing warnings too late, as most of the fishermen were already in deep sea areas.[6] Immediately following the storm, the Indian Red Cross Society and the Participating National Societies began to assess the situation and plan. At a warehouse in Salt Lake City, Kolkata, the Indian Red Cross Society prepared to distribute 2,000tarpaulins, 2,000blankets, 200kitchen sets, and 20,000mosquito nets.[11]
Kenneth R. Knapp; Michael C. Kruk; David H. Levinson; Howard J. Diamond; Charles J. Neumann (2010). "2002 MISSING (2002314N12083)". The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data. University of North Carolina. Archived from the original on July 7, 2016. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
Disaster List. Université Catholique de Louvain (Report). EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database. Archived from the original on February 3, 2014. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
