2018_elections_in_India
2018 elections in India
Elections in India in 2018
Elections in the Republic of India in 2018 included by-elections to the Lok Sabha, elections to the Rajya Sabha, elections to of eight states and numerous other by-elections to state legislative assemblies, councils and local bodies.
The elections were widely considered crucial to the ruling National Democratic Alliance and the opposition United Progressive Alliance for the upcoming general elections in 2019. In seven of the eight states that went to polls this year, the Bharatiya Janata Party was in direct contest with the Indian National Congress. Further, the election results[1] in the states of Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana, Chhattisgarh, Mizoram and Rajasthan are considered a barometer of the pulse of the public before the general elections. Elections to the upper house where the ruling National Democratic Alliance does not command a majority are by kicking on the part of all the political leaders expected to strengthen its position.
Political System
According to the Constitution of India, elections should take place to the parliament and state legislative assemblies every five years, unless an emergency is under operation. Further, any vacancy caused by death or resignation must be filled through an election within six months of occurrence of such vacancy. The elections to the lower houses (in Parliament and in the states) use first past the post system - the candidate with a plurality of the votes wins the election.
Elections to one-third of the seats of the upper house of the Parliament - the Rajya Sabha are conducted every two years. The members of the upper house are elected indirectly by the state legislative assemblies on the basis of proportional representation. Members to the state legislative councils (in states which have an upper house) are elected indirectly through local bodies.[2]
All the elections at the central and state level are conducted by the Election Commission of India while local body elections are conducted by state election commissions.[3]
- Alwar (Lok Sabha constituency): Elections were held on 29 January to elect a new member of parliament after the death of the incumbent Mahant Chandnath of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Both the Bharatiya Janata Party and Indian National Congress fielded candidates from the yadav community. 61.77% of the total 18,27,936 voters participated in the election.[4] For the first time in the country, election commission has placed candidates' photos next to their name to help voters identify the candidates. In what was seen as a body blow to the state government, the INC wrested control of the seat from the BJP, with its candidate Karan Singh Yadav winning the seat by a margin of 1,96,496 votes.[5][6]
- Ajmer (Lok Sabha constituency): Elections were held on 29 January to elect a new member of parliament after the death of the incumbent Sanwar Lal Jat of the Bharatiya Janata Party. 65% of the total 18.43 lakh voters participated in the election.[4] For the first time in the country, the election commission has placed candidates' photos next to their name to help voters identify the candidates. In what was seen as a body blow to the state government, the INC wrested control of the seat from the BJP, its candidate Raghu Sharma won by a margin of 84,238 votes.[7]
- Uluberia (Lok Sabha constituency): Elections were held on 29 January to elect a new member of parliament after the death of Mohammedan Sporting Club's president and All India Trinamool Congress M.P Sultan Ahmed.[8] Trinamool Congress candidate Sajda Ahmed won Uluberia Lok Sabha seat by defeating BJP candidate Anupam Mallick by 4,74,023 votes.[9]
March
| 2018 Winner | 2014 Winner | State | Constituency | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP | BJP | Uttar Pradesh | Gorakhpur | Elections were held on March 11 to elect a new member of Parliament after the incumbent member Yogi Adityanath resigned from the post after he was appointed the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.[10][11] |
| SP | BJP | Uttar Pradesh | Phulpur | Elections were held on March 14 to elect a new member of Parliament after the incumbent member Keshav Prasad Maurya resigned from the post after he was appointed the Deputy Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.[10][12] |
| RJD | RJD | Bihar | Araria | The constituency fell vacant after the death of RJD MP Mohammed Taslimuddin.[10] |
May
4 parliamentary seats were contested on 28 May 2018.[13][14] The counting of votes took place on May 31.[13][15] This election saw the ruling BJP party lose their majority in the lower house of the Indian Parliament[16]
| 2018 Winner | 2014 Winner | State | Constituency | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RLD | BJP | Uttar Pradesh | Kairana | The constituency fell vacant after the death of BJP MP Hukum Singh. |
| NCP | BJP | Maharashtra | Bhandara-Gondiya | Nana Patole quit as the BJP MP and resigned from the ruling party to return to the Congress earlier this year, necessitating the by-election. |
| BJP | BJP | Maharashtra | Palghar | Palghar seat in north Konkan fell vacant after sitting BJP MP Chintaman Vanga died on 30 January following a heart attack. |
| NDPP | NPF | Nagaland | Nagaland | The by-election was necessitated after NDPP's Neiphiu Rio resigned to take on the role of Nagaland chief minister. |
November
3 parliamentary seats had been contested on 3 November 2018 in Karnataka. Results were declared on 6 November 2018.
| 2018 Winner | 2014 Winner | State | Constituency | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| INC | BJP | Karnataka | Bellary | Bellary Lok Sabha constituency was vacated due to Sriramulu being elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly in May 2018. |
| JDS | JDS | Karnataka | Mandya | This seat was vacated after sitting MP had joined Karnataka Government as Minister for minor irrigation |
| BJP | BJP | Karnataka | Shivamogga | Shivamogga constituency was vacated B. S. Yeddyurappa has quit after being elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly in May 2018 |
Tripura
Elections were held in Tripura on 18 February 2018 in 59 out of 60 constituencies of the Legislative Assembly.[18] The Left Front led by Manik Sarkar sought re-election, having governed Tripura since the 1998 election. The region in general had been under the political control of the Communist Party for 25 years prior to the election, leading to the region being dubbed a "red holdout".[19] The incumbent Left Front government was defeated after 25 years of office, with the Bharatiya Janata Party and Indigenous Peoples Front of Tripura winning a large majority of seats. The Indian National Congress, which was the second largest party in the 2013 election, lost all its seats and most of its vote share.
| Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Won | +/− | ||
| Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) | 999,093 | 43.0 | 36 |  36 | ||
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM) | 992,575 | 42.7 | 16 |  33 | ||
| Indigenous Peoples Front of Tripura (IPFT) | 173,603 | 7.5 | 8 | 8 | ||
| Indian National Congress (INC) | 41,325 | 1.8 | 0 | 10 | ||
| Communist Party of India (CPI) | 19,352 | 0.8 | 0 | 1 | ||
| Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP) | 17,568 | 0.8 | 0 |  | ||
| Indigenous Nationalist Party of Twipra (INPT) | 16,255 | 0.7 | 0 | | ||
| All India Forward Bloc (AIFB) | 13,115 | 0.6 | 0 | | ||
| All India Trinamool Congress (AITC) | 6,989 | 0.3 | 0 | | ||
| Independents (IND) | 0 | | ||||
| Other parties and coalitions | 0 | | ||||
| None of the Above (NOTA) | ||||||
| Vacant seat | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Total | 100.00 | 60 | ±0 | |||
Meghalaya
Elections were held in Meghalaya on 27 February 2018 to elect 59 of 60 members to the Legislative Assembly. The incumbent Indian National Congress government controlled the state in a coalition with smaller parties prior to the election, and sought to retain office. The elections resulted in a hung assembly with no single party or alliance getting the requisite majority of 31 seats in the Vidhan Sabha.[20] Conrad Sangma, leader of the National People's Party, announced that he would form a government with the support of the United Democratic Party and other regional parties.[21][22] He was sworn in as the Chief Minister, along with eleven other ministers.[23]
| Party | Popular vote | Seats | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Contested | Won | +/− | ||
| Indian National Congress (INC) | 447,472 | 28.5 | 59 | 21 | 8 | ||
| National People's Party (NPP) | 323,500 | 20.6 | 52 | 19 | 17 | ||
| United Democratic Party (UDP) | 182,491 | 11.6 | 27 | 6 | 2 | ||
| Independents (IND) | 170,249 | 10.8 | 3 | 10 | |||
| Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) | 151,217 | 9.6 | 47 | 2 | 2 | ||
| People's Democratic Front (PDF) | 128,413 | 8.2 | 8 | 4 | 4 | ||
| Hill State People's Democratic Party (HSPDP) | 84,011 | 5.3 | 15 | 2 | 1 | ||
| Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) | 25,247 | 1.6 | 6 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Garo National Council (GNC) | 21,679 | 1.4 | 7 | 0 | 1 | ||
| Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement (KHNAM) | 14,164 | 0.9 | 6 | 1 | 1 | ||
| All India Trinamool Congress (AITC) | 5,544 | 0.4 | 0 | | |||
| None of the Above (NOTA) | 14,631 | 0.9 | |||||
| Vacant seat | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Total | 100.00 | 297 | 60 | ±0 | |||
Nagaland
Elections were held in Nagaland on 27 February 2018 in 59 out of 60 constituencies of the Legislative Assembly. The scheduled election in Northern Angami II constituency did not take place as only incumbent MLA Neiphiu Rio was nominated and was therefore declared elected unopposed.[24][25] The ruling Naga People's Front was challenged by the newly established Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party (NDPP), an ally of the Bharatiya Janata Party. The NDPP and its allies won a majority, with former Chief Minister Neiphiu Rio returning to government.
| Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Candidates | Won | +/− | ||
| Nagaland People's Front (NPF) | 389,912 | 38.8 | 58 | 26 | 12 | ||
| Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party (NDPP) | 253,090 | 25.2 | 40 | 18 | 18 | ||
| Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) | 153,864 | 15.3 | 20 | 12 | 11 | ||
| National People's Party (NPP) | 69,506 | 6.9 | 25 | 2 | 2 | ||
| Janata Dal (United) (JD(U)) | 45,089 | 4.5 | 13 | 1 | | ||
| Independents (IND) | 43,008 | 4.3 | 11 | 1 | 7 | ||
| Indian National Congress (INC) | 20,752 | 2.1 | 18 | 0 | 8 | ||
| Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) | 10,693 | 1.1 | 6 | 0 | 4 | ||
| Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) | 7,491 | 0.7 | 3 | 0 | | ||
| Lok Janshakti Party (LJP) | 2,765 | 0.3 | 2 | 0 | | ||
| None of the Above (NOTA) | |||||||
| Total | 100.00 | 196 | 60 | ±0 | |||
Karnataka
Elections were held in Karnataka on 12 May 2018 in 222 out of 224 constituencies of the Legislative Assembly. The incumbent Indian National Congress (INC) was seeking re-election, having governed the state since elections in 2013.[26] The opposition Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Janata Dal (Secular) (JD(S)) sought to regain office. The election led to a hung assembly, with the Bharatiya Janata Party emerging as the single largest party, with 104 seats, but failing to win a majority of seats and popular votes. The Indian National Congress (INC) won the popular vote.[27] Following the election, B. S. Yeddyurappa was appointed Chief Minister and tasked with forming a minority BJP government, but resigned two days later on being unable to prove majority in the assembly. Thereafter the INC and JD(S) which had entered into a post-poll agreement formed a majority coalition government. H.D. Kumaraswamy of Janata Dal (Secular) was subsequently appointed Chief Minister.
| Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Won | +/− | ||
| Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) | 1,31,85,384 | 36.2 | 16.3 |
104 | 64 | |
| Indian National Congress (INC) | 1,39,32,069 | 38.0 | 1.4 |
80 | 44 | |
| Janata Dal (Secular) (JDS) | 66,66,307 | 18.3 | 1.9 |
37 | 3 | |
| Independents (IND) | 14,37,045 | 3.9 | 3.5 |
1 | 8 | |
| Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) | 1,08,592 | 0.3 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party (KPJP) | 74,229 | 0.2 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Other parties and candidates | 6,83,632 | 2.2 | 0 | 13 | ||
| None of the Above (NOTA) | 3,22,841 | 0.9 | ||||
| Total | 100.00 | 224 | ±0 | |||
Madhya Pradesh
| Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Won | +/− | ||
| INC + | 15,595,153 | 40.9% | 4.59% |
114 | 56 | |
| BJP | 15,642,980 | 41% | 3.88% |
109 | 56 | |
| BSP | 1,911,642 | 5% | 1.29% |
2 | 2 | |
| SP | 496,025 | 1.3% | 0.1% |
1 | 1 | |
| Independents | 2,218,230 | 5.8% | 0.42% |
4 | 1 | |
| None of the Above | 542,295 | 1.4% | ||||
| Total | 100.00 | 230 | ±0 | |||
Chhatishgarh
| Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Won | +/− | ||
| Indian National Congress (INC) | 61,36,429 | 43.0% | 2.71% |
68 | 29 | |
| Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) | 47,01,530 | 33.0% | 8.04% |
15 | 34 | |
| Janta Congress Chhattisgarh (JCC) | 10,81,760 | 7.6% | 7.6% |
5 | 5 | |
| Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) | 5,51,687 | 3.9% | 0.37% |
2 | 1 | |
| None of the Above (NOTA) | 2,82,588 | 2.0% | ||||
| Total | 90 | ±0 | ||||
Mizoram
| Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Won | +/− | ||
| Mizo National Front | 237,305 | 37.6% | 8.9pp |
26 | 21 | |
| Indian National Congress | 190,412 | 30.1% | 14.5pp |
5 | 29 | |
| Zoram People's Movement | 144,925 | 22.9% | 1.5pp |
8 | 5 | |
| Bharatiya Janata Party | 50,744 | 8% | 7.6pp |
1 | 1 | |
| Others | 8,211 | 1.3% | 0.7pp |
0 | 0 | |
| Total | 631,597 | 100.00 | 40 | ±0 | ||
Rajasthan
The seat and vote share was as follows:[28][29]
| Parties and coalitions | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Won | +/− | ||
| Indian National Congress | 1,39,35,201 | 39.3% | 6.23 |
100 | 79 | |
| Bharatiya Janata Party | 1,37,57,502 | 38.8% | 6.37 |
73 | 92 | |
| Bahujan Samaj Party | 14,10,995 | 4.0% | 0.63 |
6 | 3 | |
| Independents | 33,72,206 | 9.5% | 1.29 |
13 | 6 | |
| Rashtriya Loktantrik Party | 8,56,038 | 2.4% | New | 3 | New | |
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 4,34,210 | 1.2% | 0.33 |
2 | 2 | |
| Bharatiya Tribal Party | 2,55,100 | 0.7% | New | 2 | New | |
| Rashtriya Lok Dal | 1,16,320 | 0.3% | 0.29 |
1 | 1 | |
| Other parties and candidates (OTH) | 8,87,317 | 2.5% | 0.00 |
0 | 0 | |
| None of the Above | 4,67,781 | 1.3% | ||||
| Total | 3,54,92,670 | 100.00 | 199 | ±0 | ||
Telangana
| Parties and coalitions | 2018 Votes & Seats | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Won | +/- | |||
| Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) | 9,700,749 | 46.9% | 88 | 25 | ||
| Indian National Congress (INC) | 5,883,111 | 28.4% | 19 | 2 | ||
| All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen (AIMIM) | 561,089 | 2.7% | 7 | | ||
| Telugu Desam Party (TDP) | 725,845 | 3.5% | 2 | 13 | ||
| Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) | 1,450,456 | 7.1% | 1 | 4 | ||
| All India Forward Bloc (AIFB) | 159,141 | 1.8% | 1 | 1 | ||
| Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) | 428,430 | 2.1% | 0 | 2 | ||
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM) | 91,099 | 0.4% | 0 | 1 | ||
| Communist Party of India (CPI) | 83,215 | 0.4% | 0 | 1 | ||
| Independents (IND) | 673,694 | 3.3% | 1 | | ||
| None of the above (India) (NOTA) | 224,709 | 1.1% | ||||
| Total | 119 | |||||
Bihar
| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 11 March 2018 | Bhabua | Anand Bhushan Pandey | Bharatiya Janata Party | Rinki Rani Pandey | Bharatiya Janata Party | ||
| 2 | Jehanabad | Mudrika Singh Yadav | Rashtriya Janata Dal | Suday Yadav | Rashtriya Janata Dal | |||
| 3 | 28 May 2018 | Jokihat | Sarfaraz Alam | Janata Dal (United) | Shahnawaz Alam | Rashtriya Janata Dal | ||
Gujarat
| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 20 December 2018 | Jasdan | Kunwarjibhai Bavaliya | Indian National Congress | Kunwarjibhai Bavaliya | Bharatiya Janata Party | ||
Jharkhand
| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 28 May 2018 | Gomia | Yogendra Prasad | Jharkhand Mukti Morcha | Babita Devi | Jharkhand Mukti Morcha | ||
| 2 | Silli | Amit Kumar | Jharkhand Mukti Morcha | Seema Devi | Jharkhand Mukti Morcha | |||
| 3 | 20 December 2018 | Kolebira | Anosh Ekka | Jharkhand Party | Naman Bixal Kongari | Indian National Congress | ||
Karnataka
| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 November 2018 | Ramanagara | H. D. Kumaraswamy | Janata Dal (Secular) | Anitha Kumaraswamy | Janata Dal (Secular) | ||
| 2 | Jamkhandi | Siddu Nyamagouda | Indian National Congress | Anand Nyamagouda | Indian National Congress | |||
Kerala
| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 28 May 2018 | Chengannur | K. K. Ramachandran Nair | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | Saji Cherian | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | ||
Madhya Pradesh
| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 24 February 2018 | Kolaras | Ram Singh Yadav | Indian National Congress | Mahendra Singh Yadav | Indian National Congress | ||
| 2 | Mungaoli | Mahendra Singh Kalukheda | Indian National Congress | Brajendra Singh Yadav | Indian National Congress | |||
Maharashtra
| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 28 May 2018 | Palus-Kadegaon | Patangrao Kadam | Indian National Congress | Vishwajeet Kadam | Indian National Congress | ||
Meghalaya
| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 23 August 2018 | South Tura | Agatha Sangma | National People's Party | Conrad Sangma | National People's Party | ||
| 2 | Ranikor | Martin Danggo | Indian National Congress | Piyus Marwein | United Democratic Party | |||
Odisha
| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 24 February 2018 | Bijepur | Subal Sahu | Indian National Congress | Rita Sahu | Biju Janata Dal | ||
Punjab
| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 28 May 2018 | Shahkot | Ajit Singh Kohar | Shiromani Akali Dal | Hardev Singh Ladi | Indian National Congress | ||
Rajasthan
| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 29 January 2018 | Mandalgarh | Kirti Kumari | Bharatiya Janata Party | Vivek Dhakar | Indian National Congress | ||
Uttar Pradesh
| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 28 May 2018 | Noorpur | Lokendra Singh | Bharatiya Janata Party | Naim Ul Hasan | Samajwadi Party | ||
Uttarakhand
| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 28 May 2018 | Tharali | Maganlal Shah | Bharatiya Janata Party | Munni Devi Shah | Bharatiya Janata Party | ||
West Bengal
| S.No | Date | Constituency | MLA before election | Party before election | Elected MLA | Party after election | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 29 January 2018 | Noapara | Madhusudan Ghose | Indian National Congress | Sunil Singh | All India Trinamool Congress | ||
| 2 | 28 May 2018 | Maheshtala | Kasturi Das | All India Trinamool Congress | Dulal Chandra Da | All India Trinamool Congress | ||
Jammu and Kashmir
Panchayat elections and municipal elections were held in Jammu and Kashmir in 2018 from October 8 till December 11.[30] The last time Panchayat elections were held in the state were in 2011 and the last time municipal elections were held were in 2005.[31][32]
Uttarakhand
On 18 November, elections to the local bodies were held in Uttarakhand.
Assam
West Bengal
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