Funding changes

A few months before the election, Bulgaria's National Assembly accepted a government bill, which cut public party subsidies from 11 down to just 1 lev per vote. The bill also permitted unlimited donations to political parties by private individuals or corporations for the first time in Bulgaria's history. The change was criticised by Bulgaria's opposition as a "hit by a bat" from the government in time for the local elections.^[12][13]

First round

The first round of the election took place on October 27. The electoral commission ordered the seizure of all preference vote ballots in the town of Pleven due to what it deemed a "technical error".^[26]

The ruling GERB party's campaign announced that it would ask Bulgaria's electoral authorities to punish television broadcaster BTV for airing footage which GERB deemed to have negatively affected their electoral result during the voting day. BTV stated that they would refuse to comment before they receive a copy of the complaint.^[27]

VMRO complained of what they deemed to be "vote buying, voter intimidation and harassment".^[28][29] VMRO's candidate in Plovdiv decried what he deemed to be "monsterous" electoral manipulation and stated that he would refer the matter to Bulgarian public prosecution.^[30]

Maya Manolova's campaign raised concerns over what they deemed to be "organized vote buying" in favour of Fandakova in three of Sofia's districts, pointing to large discrepancies between the candidates in several electoral sections, in which Fandakova has 10 times more votes than all other candidates combined, despite polling at around 30% in opinion polls and not being native to those districts.^[31] Manolova later alleged that the "entire Bulgarian underground was mobilized" to engage in widespread electoral fraud in favour of her opponent Yordanka Fandakova from the ruling GERB party. Fandakova denied the allegations and stated that it would be impossible for her to win the Sofia election via vote buying.^[32]

Three cases of major fraud were investigated in the town of Byala Slatina, in which undefined figures broke the secrecy of the ballot by observing which candidates voters were casting their ballot for. In addition, hundreds of voters voted in special mobile voting booths using allegedly fake medical documents. Some of these voters admitted that they were illiterate, that they had no real medical documents and that the voting booth officials "helped them secretly" to make a decision on whom to vote for. An illegally unsealed ballot box was also allegedly found to have been used during the voting process in the town.^[33]

Due to long waiting times during the counting of the ballots, the central electoral commission provided government-funded Sorry! board games, playing cards, Plasma TVs which play Bulgarian movies and various other tabletop games in an attempt to please the counters of the electoral vote. The commission also separated the entry points to the counting arena, in order to attempt to avoid a repeat of the 2015 elections, in which the counting authorities were locked in without food for over 3 days and wrote SOS messages on Arena Armeec's windows in what was described as analogous to a "hostage crisis".^[34] Despite these measures, two civilian counters and one policeman fell unconscious during the counting process.^[35][36]

Numerous errors were discovered during the ballot verification process. Bulgaria's electoral authorities refused to specify the amount of the errors.^[37]

ATAKA's Volen Siderov arrived at the ballot counting premises and insisted to be allowed in. He was denied entry by the policemen guarding the area and left by midnight after a long argument with the authorities, which stated that Bulgarian electoral law makes no provision for election candidates to observe the counting process.^[38]

The independent mayor of Nesebar, who was running for a new term, was arrested the day before the election and held in detention throughout the first round election. Several socialist party councillors were also arrested alongside him by police. Despite this, he managed to win the election while still under arrest by defeating GERB's candidate for the position. A local court later ordered that he continue to be held in detention, which rendered the newly re-elected mayor unable to attend the oath-taking ceremony at the local council, thus raising legal questions as to whether or not he would be eligible to take up the position for another mandate. The arrestees were accused by prosecutors of taking part in a vote buying ring, an allegation dubbed "hilarious" by the mayor's attorney, which stated that the prosecution had only summoned a single witness, which allegedly rambled on stories with an "unexpected" ending. The arrests came after a request by State Prosecutor Sotir Tsatsarov to the Central Electoral Commission for the removal of the legal immunity of the mayor, the socialist party councillors, as well as several candidates from the "21 Movement", was granted by the commission. The chairman of Nesebar's Municipal Assembly, himself hailing from the socialist party, stated that he believed the only explanation for these arrests were a "political order" as part of a "war" to seize power in the town.^[39][40][41]

Despite these events, Bulgaria's electoral authorities stated that the first round of the vote had taken place successfully "without major incidents".^[42]

Second round

Bulgaria's Central Electoral Commission stated that numerous reports were made about illegal vote buying and improper electoral agitation during the election day.^[47][48]

Maya Manolova's electoral campaign in Sofia stated that it allegedly had evidence of organized electoral fraud organized by the ruling GERB party. It stated that it had dozens of reports of vote buying, exit poll rigging and violations of Bulgaria's electoral law, adding that the electoral commission had refused access to any of her campaign's authorized representatives to the vote counting premises at Arena Armeec, despite them having the legal right to do so. For these reasons, her campaign declared that it did not recognize the election results and would attempt to have the Sofia election annulled and re-run.^[49] The Bulgarian Socialist Party stated that it did not have the legal right to ask for a re-run of the election, as Manolova had formally run as an independent, instead of a Socialist Party candidate. Despite this, the party declared that it would support her bid for a re-run, promising to "remain on the same team" as her and adding that it would "remain eternally loyal to Miss Manolova".^[50] Tomislav Donchev from the ruling GERB party denied that his party had been involved in electoral manipulation, stating that GERB's "various opponents had always complained of electoral fraud", adding that he was not concerned with them.^[51]

On the nationwide scale, the Socialist Party's leader Korneliya Ninova stated that the elections were skewed by "vote buying" and an "atmosphere of fear" among voters. She lamented both the conduct of the elections and the recent changes to Bulgaria's electoral code and raised concerns over the election over the mayorship of the Shumen Province, where the candidate supported by GERB defeated the Socialist Party's nominee by just 77 votes, while the electoral authorities declared over 400 ballots as 'invalid'. She also stated that the socialist party's candidate in the Lovech Province had also lost the election to GERB's nominee by just 347 votes and alleged that in that case the number of invalidated ballots was also "huge". She finished by stating that her party was considering filing a petition before the Bulgarian courts for the annulment and rerunning of the elections in these provinces.^[52]

A newly elected mayor hailing from the Alternative for Bulgarian Revival stated that a fellow local councillor and party member in the city of Strelcha was ambushed and badly beaten during the dark hours of the day due to his local political activities in favour of the party. He further alleged that the party had been targeted with "pressure" during the elections, which he described as a "swamp".^[53]

Large irregularities during the verification of ballots in several villages in Varna Province led to a case being filed with the Bulgarian Administrative Court, as a third of all ballots cast were declared to be "blank".^[54]

Several political analysts asserted that the elections in several provinces and localities were allegedly won by illegal vote buying.^[55] A sociologist further called the elections "the most corrupt elections in the country" and alleged that one of the political parties had even announced a campaign, where it would pay 50 lev to any citizen, which signs up as a party member.^[56]

The former mayor of Garmen was arrested by police for alleged illegal vote buying. A candidate for the Blagoevgrad municipal council was also interrogated by Bulgarian police over vote buying allegations.^[57]

Bulgarian President Rumen Radev stated that he believed the electoral process had been "compromised" and called on all citizens to vote in order to dilute the effect of the alleged mass vote buying campaigns. He further stated, that he would invite the Bulgarian Police, Central Electoral Commission and Parliamentary parties to a discussion on what should be the response to what he deemed to be the "retreat of fairness from the electoral process".^[58]

First round

Following the first round on 27 October, the ruling GERB party remained Bulgaria's strongest political party. It won 90 localities in the first round, compared to 65 in the 2015 elections. Despite this increase, GERB's overall support had actually decreased, in what some political scientists described as an "erosion", a "serious challenge" for the party, and a "heavy hit".^{[63][64][65][29]} On the provincial level, the party obtained a plurality of Bulgaria's provinces, winning the mayoral elections on the first round in 8 regions, and qualifying for a runoff in all but three other regions.^[66]

The Bulgarian Socialist Party won 35 localities in the first round and qualified for the runoff election in 50 more. The party is going to compete against GERB in a runoff election in 9 major cities, compared to the zero it had during the previous election. The party enjoyed a considerable overall increase in support, but still lagged behind GERB by a non-negligible margin.^{[63][64][65][29]} On the provincial level, while the party didn't win any mayoral positions in the first round, it qualified to the runoff election in 13 of Bulgaria's regions.^[67]

The Movement for Rights and Freedoms won the Kardzhali mayoral election on the provincial level in the first round and qualified for the runoff in the Targovishte Province.^[66]

VMRO, the Union of Democratic Forces, the Bulgaria for Citizens Movement, the "Direct Democracy" movement and two Independent candidates didn't win any mayoral positions on the provincial level in the first round of the election, but qualified for one runoff election each.^[66]

The nationwide electoral turnout was around 42%.^[68]

Second round

GERB managed to win the majority of Mayoral positions on the provincial level after the second round, thus securing its position in first place, despite obtaining a noticeably poorer result than in the previous election and losing several regions. GERB's largest success in the election, however, was managing to narrowly secure their control of Sofia City Province and Plovdiv Province, which were strongly contested by the Socialist Party and VMRO respectively.^[69][47][70]

The Socialist Party marked a major increase in support, managing to secure 4 mayoral positions, including the very hotly contested Pernik Province.^[69][47][70] On the local level, the socialist party won the runoff in 26 localities, thus bringing the total number of local settlements under the party's control up to 61 - more than double the party's result from the previous local election.^[52]

Two independent candidates won mayoral positions by defeating the two main parties' candidates in the second round - one in Pazardzhik Province^{[lower-alpha 5]} and the other in Pleven Province.^{[lower-alpha 6][69][47][70]}

The UDF managed to avoid being taken off the Bulgarian provincial map by winning the Vidin Province.^[69][47][70]

The Bulgaria for Citizens Movement defeated GERB's candidate and won the election in the Dobrich Province.^[69][47][70]

The "Direct Democracy" movement entered the Bulgarian local scene by securing the Yambol Province.^[69][47][70]

Bulgaria's central electoral commission reported that total voter turnout was at 42,1%.^[71][72]