4007_Euryalos

4007 Euryalos

4007 Euryalos

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4007 Euryalos /jʊˈraɪələs/ is a larger Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately 48 kilometers (30 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 19 September 1973, by Dutch astronomers Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, and Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in California.[1] The likely spherical Jovian asteroid is the principal body of the proposed Euryalos family and has a rotation period of 6.4 hours.[7] It was named after the warrior Euryalus from Greek mythology.[1]

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Orbit and classification

Euryalos is a dark Jovian asteroid in a 1:1 orbital resonance with Jupiter. It is located in the leading Greek camp at the Gas Giant's L4 Lagrangian point, 60° ahead on its orbit (see Trojans in astronomy).[4] It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.9–5.5 AU once every 11 years and 9 months (4,301 days; semi-major axis of 5.18 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 11° with respect to the ecliptic.[3] The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Palomar in September 1976.[1]

Euryalos family

Fernando Roig and Ricardo Gil-Hutton identified Euryalos as the principal body of a small Jovian asteroid family, using the hierarchical clustering method (HCM), which looks for groupings of neighboring asteroids based on the smallest distances between them in the proper orbital element space. According to the astronomers, the Euryalos family belongs to the larger Menelaus clan, an aggregation of Jupiter trojans which is composed of several families, similar to the Flora family in the inner asteroid belt.[10]: 9, 10 

However this family is not included in David Nesvorný's HCM-analysis from 2014.[11] Instead, Euryalos is listed as a non-family asteroid of the Jovian background population on the Asteroids Dynamic Site (AstDyS) which based on another analysis by Milani and Knežević.[5]

Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey

Despite being discovered during the second Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey in 1973, Euryalos has not received a provisional survey designation prefixed with "T-2". The survey was a fruitful collaboration between the Palomar and Leiden observatories during the 1960s and 1970s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden Observatory where astrometry was carried out. The trio are credited with the discovery of several thousand asteroids.[12]

Naming

This minor planet was named from Greek mythology after the warrior Euryalos, the leader of the Greek contingent from Argos during the Trojan War.[1] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 11 March 1990 (M.P.C. 16042).[13]

Physical characteristics

Euryalos is an assumed C-type asteroid, while the majority of larger Jupiter trojans are D-type asteroids.[7]

Rotation period

In August 1995, a rotational lightcurve of Euryalos was obtained from photometric observations over four nights by Italian astronomer Stefano Mottola using the Bochum 0.61-metre Telescope at ESO's La Silla Observatory in Chile. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 6.391±0.005 hours with a low brightness amplitude of 0.07 magnitude (U=2), indicative of a spherical rather than elongated shape.[7][9]

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and the Japanese Akari satellite, Euryalos measures 45.52 and 53.89 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.065 and 0.061, respectively.[6][8] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a carbonaceous asteroid of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 48.48 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.3.[7]

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References

  1. [1]
    "4007 Euryalos (1973 SR)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  2. [2]
    'Euryale' in Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
  3. [3]
    "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 4007 Euryalos (1973 SR)" (2018-05-25 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  4. [4]
    "List of Jupiter Trojans". Minor Planet Center. 1 June 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  5. [5]
    "Asteroid (4007) Euryalos – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  6. [6]
    Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Masiero, J. R.; Nugent, C. R. (November 2012). "WISE/NEOWISE Observations of the Jovian Trojan Population: Taxonomy". The Astrophysical Journal. 759 (1): 10. arXiv:1209.1549. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759...49G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/49. S2CID 119101711. (online catalog)
  7. [7]
    "LCDB Data for (4007) Euryalos". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  8. [8]
    Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
  9. [9]
    Mottola, Stefano; Di Martino, Mario; Erikson, Anders; Gonano-Beurer, Maria; Carbognani, Albino; Carsenty, Uri; et al. (May 2011). "Rotational Properties of Jupiter Trojans. I. Light Curves of 80 Objects". The Astronomical Journal. 141 (5): 32. Bibcode:2011AJ....141..170M. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/141/5/170.
  10. [10]
    Roig, F.; Ribeiro, A. O.; Gil-Hutton, R. (June 2008). "Taxonomy of asteroid families among the Jupiter Trojans: comparison between spectroscopic data and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey colors". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 483 (3): 911–931. arXiv:0712.0046. Bibcode:2008A&A...483..911R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20079177. S2CID 118361725.
  11. [11]
    Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). "Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families". Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131. S2CID 119280014.
  12. [12]
    "Minor Planet Discoverers". Minor Planet Center. 31 May 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  13. [13]
    "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
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