The year 580 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as year 174 Ab urbe condita . The denomination 580 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

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• Gorgon Medusa, detail of sculpture from the west pediment of the Temple of Artemis, Korkyra, is made (approximate date).^[1] It is now at the Archaeological Museum of Corfu.
• The Hecatompedon, a temple dedicated to Athena in Athens, was built at the site later used for the Parthenon (estimated year)^[2]
• Standing Youth (Kouros) is made (approximate date). It is now at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.
• Cambyses I succeeds his father Cyrus I as king of Anshan and head of the Achaemenid Dynasty.

• Hystaspes, son of Teispes (estimated)^[3]