Abdera,_Spain
Abdera was an ancient Carthaginian and Roman port on a hill above the modern Adra on the southeastern Mediterranean coast of Spain.[1] It was located between Malaca (now Málaga) and Carthago Nova (now Cartagena) in the district inhabited by the Bastuli.[2]
Abdera shares its name with a city in Thrace and another in North Africa. Its coins bore the inscription ʾBDRT (Punic: 𐤏𐤁𐤃𐤓𐤕).[lower-alpha 1] The first element in the name appears to be the Punic word for "servant" or "slave"; the second element seems shared by the Phoenician names for Gadir (now Cadiz) and Cythera but of unclear meaning.[3]
It appears in Greek sources as tà Ábdēra (Greek: τὰ Ἄβδηρα) and Aúdēra (Αὔδηρα),[4] Ábdara (Ἄβδαρα),[5] and tò Ábdēron (τὸ Ἄβδηρον).[6]
Abdera was founded in the 8th century BCE as a Phoenician colony.[7][8][9] It became a Carthaginian trading station and, after a period of decline, became one of the more important towns in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica.[2] Tiberius seems to have made the place a Roman colony.
The most ancient coins bear its name with the head of Melqart and a tuna. Coins from the time of Tiberius show the town's main temple with two erect tunas as its columns.[2] Early Roman coins were bilingual with Latin inscriptions on one side stating the name of the emperor and the town and with Punic text on the other side simply stating the name of the town.
- Coins bearing only the first four letters appear to have been badly struck. A single example attested in 19th-century sources bore the six letters ʾBDRʾT (𐤀𐤁𐤃𐤓𐤀𐤕) but can no longer be found at the Cabinet des Médailles.[3]
Citations
- Amorós, Maila García; Papadopoulou, Panagiota (2021). "Byzantine Studies in Spain. The Specific Case of Granada". Konštantínove listy. 14 (1): 178. doi:10.17846/CL.2021.14.1.177-183. ISSN 1337-8740. S2CID 237758834.
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Abdera". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 33.- Graham (1992), p. 45.
- Sagona, Claudia (2015-08-25). The Archaeology of Malta. Cambridge University Press. p. 193. ISBN 978-1-107-00669-0.
- Howgego, C. J.; Heuchert, Volker; Burnett, Andrew M. (2005). Coinage and Identity in the Roman Provinces. Oxford University Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-19-926526-8.
- Gitin, Seymour (Sy) (2002-06-23). The Phoenicians in Spain: An Archaeological Review of the Eighth-Sixth Centuries B.C.E. -- A Collection of Articles Translated from Spanish. Penn State Press. p. 80. ISBN 978-1-57506-529-8.
Bibliography
- Graham, A.J. (1992), "Abdera and Teos", The Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. CXII, Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies, pp. 44–73, doi:10.2307/632152, JSTOR 632152, S2CID 162718165.
- Smith, William, ed. (1854). "Abdera" . Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. Vol. 1. London: John Murray. p. 2.