Abortion_on_demand
Abortion law
Laws that allow, prohibit, or regulate abortion
Abortion laws vary widely among countries and territories, and have changed over time. Such laws range from abortion being freely available on request, to regulation or restrictions of various kinds, to outright prohibition in all circumstances. Many countries and territories that allow abortion have gestational limits for the procedure depending on the reason; with the majority being up to 12 weeks for abortion on request, up to 24 weeks for rape, incest, or socioeconomic reasons, and more for fetal impairment or risk to the woman's health or life. As of 2022, countries that legally allow abortion on request or for socioeconomic reasons comprise about 60% of the world's population. In 2024, France became the first country to explicitly protect abortion rights in its constitution.[1]
Legality of abortion by country or territory
| Legal on request: | |
| No gestational limit | |
| Gestational limit after the first 17 weeks | |
| Gestational limit in the first 17 weeks | |
| Unclear gestational limit | |
| Legally restricted to cases of: | |
| Risk to woman's life, to her health*, rape*, fetal impairment*, or socioeconomic factors | |
| Risk to woman's life, to her health*, rape, or fetal impairment | |
| Risk to woman's life, to her health*, or fetal impairment | |
| Risk to woman's life*, to her health*, or rape | |
| Risk to woman's life or to her health | |
| Risk to woman's life | |
| Illegal with no exceptions | |
| No information | |
| * Does not apply to some countries or territories in that category | |
Abortion continues to be a controversial subject in many societies on religious, moral, ethical, practical, and political grounds. Though it has been banned and otherwise limited by law in many jurisdictions, abortions continue to be common in many areas, even where they are illegal. According to a 2007 study conducted by the Guttmacher Institute and the World Health Organization, abortion rates are similar in countries where the procedure is legal and in countries where it is not,[2][3] due to unavailability of modern contraceptives in areas where abortion is illegal.[4] Also according to the study, the number of abortions worldwide is declining due to increased access to contraception.[2][3]
Main articles: History of abortion and History of abortion law debate
 | This section needs additional citations for verification. (July 2017) |
Abortion has existed since ancient times, with natural abortifacients being found amongst a wide variety of tribal people and in most written sources. The earliest known records of abortion techniques and general reproductive regulation date as far back as 2700 BC in China, and 1550 BC in Egypt.[5] Early texts contain little mention of abortion or abortion law. When it does appear, it is entailed in concerns about male property rights, preservation of social order, and the duty to produce fit citizens for the state or community. The harshest penalties were generally reserved for a woman who procured an abortion against her husband's wishes, and for slaves who produced abortion in a woman of high status. Religious texts often contained severe condemnations of abortion, recommending penance but seldom enforcing secular punishment. As a matter of common law in England and the United States, abortion was illegal anytime after quickening—when the movements of the fetus could first be felt by the woman. Under the born alive rule, the fetus was not considered a "reasonable being" in rerum natura; and abortion was not treated as murder in English law.
In the 19th century, many Western countries began to codify abortion laws or place further restrictions on the practice. Anti-abortion movements were led by a combination of groups opposed to abortion on moral grounds, and by medical professionals who were concerned about the danger presented by the procedure and the regular involvement of non-medical personnel in performing abortions. Nevertheless, it became clear that illegal abortions continued to take place in large numbers even where abortions were rigorously restricted. It was difficult to obtain sufficient evidence to prosecute the women and abortion doctors, and judges and juries were often reluctant to convict. For example, Henry Morgentaler, a Canadian pro-choice advocate, was never convicted by a jury. He was acquitted by a jury in the 1973 court case, but the acquittal was overturned by five judges on the Quebec Court of Appeal in 1974. He went to prison, appealed, and was again acquitted. In total, he served 10 months, suffering a heart attack while in solitary confinement. Many were also outraged at the invasion of privacy and the medical problems resulting from abortions taking place illegally in medically dangerous circumstances. Political movements soon coalesced around the legalization of abortion and liberalization of existing laws.
By the first half of the 20th century, many countries had begun to liberalize abortion laws, at least when performed to protect the woman's life and in some cases on the woman's request. Under Vladimir Lenin, the Soviet Union became the first modern state in legalizing abortions on request—the law was first introduced in the Russian SFSR in 1920, in the Ukrainian SSR in July 1921, and then in the whole country.[6][7] The Bolsheviks saw abortion as a social evil created by the capitalist system, which left women without the economic means to raise children, forcing them to perform abortions. The Soviet state initially preserved the tsarist ban on abortion, which treated the practice as premeditated murder. However, abortion had been practiced by Russian women for decades and its incidence skyrocketed further as a result of the Russian Civil War, which had left the country economically devastated and made it extremely difficult for many people to have children. The Soviet state recognized that banning abortion would not stop the practice because women would continue using the services of private abortionists. In rural areas, these were often old women who had no medical training, which made their services very dangerous to women's health. In November 1920, the Soviet government legalized abortion in state hospitals. The state considered abortion as a temporary necessary evil, which would disappear in the future communist society, which would be able to provide for all the children conceived.[8][page needed] In 1936, Joseph Stalin placed prohibitions on abortions, which restricted them to medically recommended cases only, in order to increase population growth after the enormous loss of life in World War I and the Russian Civil War.[9][10][7] In the 1930s, several countries (Poland, Turkey, Denmark, Sweden, Iceland, Mexico) legalized abortion in some special cases (pregnancy from rape, threat to mother's health, fetal malformation). In Japan, abortion was legalized in 1948 by the Eugenic Protection Law,[11] amended in May 1949 to allow abortions for economic reasons.[12] Abortion was legalized in 1952 in Yugoslavia (on a limited basis[which?]), and again in 1955 in the Soviet Union on request. Some Soviet allies (Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Romania) legalized abortion in the late 1950s under pressure from the Soviets.[how?][13][additional citation(s) needed]
In the United Kingdom, the Abortion Act of 1967 clarified and prescribed abortions as legal up to 28 weeks (later reduced to 24 weeks). Other countries soon followed, including Canada (1969), the United States (1973 in most states, pursuant to Roe v. Wade—the U.S. Supreme Court decision which legalized abortion nationwide), Tunisia and Denmark (1973), Austria (1974), France and Sweden (1975), New Zealand (1977), Italy (1978), the Netherlands (1984), and Belgium (1990). However, these countries vary greatly in the circumstances under which abortion was to be permitted. In 1975, the West German Supreme Court struck down a law legalizing abortion, holding that they contradict the constitution's human rights guarantees. In 1976, a law was adopted which enabled abortions up to 12 weeks. After Germany's reunification, despite the legal status of abortion in former East Germany, a compromise was reached which deemed most abortions up to 12 weeks legal, but this law was struck down by the Federal Constitutional Court and amended to only remove the punishment in such cases, without any statement to legality. In jurisdictions governed under sharia law, abortion after the 120th day from conception (19 weeks from LMP) is illegal, especially for those who follow the recommendations of the Hanafi legal school, while most jurists of the Maliki legal school "believe that ensoulment occurs at the moment of conception, and they tend to forbid abortion at any point [similar to the Roman Catholic Church]. The other schools hold intermediate positions. [...] The penalty prescribed for an illegal abortion varies according to particular circumstances involved. According to sharia, it should be limited to a fine that is paid to the father or heirs of the fetus."[14]
The table below lists in chronological order the United Nations member states that have legalized abortion on request in at least some initial part of the pregnancy, or that have fully decriminalized abortion. As of 2023, 67 countries have legalized or decriminalized abortion on request.
- Notes
Where a country has legalized abortion on request, prohibited it, and legalized it again (e.g., former Soviet Union, Romania), only the later year is included. Countries that result from the merger of states where abortion on request was legal at the moment of unification show the year when it became legal across the whole national territory (e.g., Germany, Vietnam). Similarly, countries where not all subnational jurisdictions have legalized abortion on request are not included, leading to the exclusion of Australia, Mexico, and the United Kingdom. Countries where abortion on request was once legalized nationwide but has since been prohibited in at least part of the country, such as the United States and Poland, are also excluded. Countries are counted even if they were not yet independent at the time. The year refers to when the relevant law or judicial decision came into force, which may be different from the year when it was approved.
More information Year legalized, Countries ...
Close
There are no international or multinational treaties that deal directly with abortion but human rights law and International criminal law touch on the issues.
The Nuremberg Military Tribunal decided the case of United States v Greifelt and Others (1948) on the basis that abortion was a crime within its jurisdiction according to the law defining crimes against humanity and thus within its definition of murder and extermination.[36]
The Catholic Church remains highly influential in Latin America, and opposes the legalisation of abortion.[37] The American Convention on Human Rights, which in 2013 had 23 Latin American parties, declares human life as commencing with conception. In Latin America, abortion on request is only legal in Cuba (1965), Uruguay (2012),[38] Argentina (2021),[35] Colombia (2022)[39] and in parts of Mexico.[40][41] Abortions are completely banned in the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua, and only allowed in certain restricted circumstances in most other Latin American nations.[37]
In the 2010 case of A, B and C v Ireland, the European Court of Human Rights found that the European Convention on Human Rights did not include a right to an abortion.
In 2005, the United Nations Human Rights Committee (UN HRC) ordered Peru to compensate a woman (known as K.L.) for denying her a medically indicated abortion; this was the first time a United Nations Committee had held any country accountable for not ensuring access to safe, legal abortion, and the first time the committee affirmed that abortion is a human right.[42] K.L. received the compensation in 2016.[42] In the 2016 case of Mellet v Ireland, the UN HRC found Ireland's abortion laws violated International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights because Irish law banned abortion in cases of fatal fetal abnormalities.
While abortions are legal at least under certain conditions in almost all countries, these conditions vary widely. According to a United Nations (UN) report with data gathered up to 2019,[43] abortion is allowed in 98% of countries in order to save a woman's life. Other commonly-accepted reasons are preserving physical (72%) or mental health (69%), in cases of rape or incest (61%), and in cases of fetal impairment (61%). Performing an abortion because of economic or social reasons is accepted in 37% of countries. Performing abortion only on the basis of a woman's request is allowed in 34% of countries, including in Canada, most European countries and China.[43]
The exact scope of each legal ground also varies. For example, the laws of some countries cite health risks and fetal impairment as general grounds for abortion and allow a broad interpretation of such terms in practice, while other countries restrict them to a specific list of medical conditions or subcategories. Many countries that allow abortion have gestational limits for the procedure depending on the reason; with the majority being up to 12 weeks for abortion on request, up to 24 weeks for social, economic, rape, or incest reasons, and more for fetal impairment or threats to the woman's health or life.[43]: 26
In some countries, additional procedures must be followed before the abortion can be carried out even if the basic grounds for it are met. How strictly all of the procedures dictated in the legislation are followed in practice is another matter. For example, in the United Kingdom, a Care Quality Commission's report in 2012 found that several NHS clinics were circumventing the law, using forms pre-signed by one doctor, thus allowing abortions to patients who only met with one doctor.[44]
Roe V. Wade has been established in the US for almost 50 years, put into motion in 1973, before its overturn in 2022 due to Dobbs v. Jackson. This ruling made abortion access not a constitutional right. The decision, most of which was leaked in early May, means that abortion rights will be rolled back in nearly half of the states immediately, with more restrictions likely to follow. For all practical purposes, abortion will not be available in large swaths of the country. 13 States, Arkansas, Idaho, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming enacted a trigger law which placed an immediate but varying statewide abortion ban immediately following the overturning. These trigger laws were designed specifically to take effect immediately upon the fall of the Roe precedent. Other states, were bans are in effect after 6 weeks gestation, including Idaho, Tennessee, and Texas – have similar laws, which would take effect after 30 days of the overturning.[45]
Pill abortion access is legal in 36 states. However, a lawsuit in Texas is currently against the production and distribution of this Abortion pill, misoprostol. The ban would affect millions of women in the US who cannot access a medical procedural abortion due to a state ban. The group suing the FDA has asked for a preliminary injunction to take one of the two drugs used in a medication abortion, mifepristone, off the market while the case plays out. This will effectively cause a nationwide ban of pill abortion if granted.[46]
Summary tables
| permitted | In many cases, abortion is permitted only up to a certain gestational age. If this limit is known and does not vary by subdivision, it is shown instead of "permitted". |
| permitted, with complex legality or practice | |
| varies by subdivision | |
| prohibited, with complex legality or practice | |
| prohibited | |
| unknown or unclear |
Countries
The table below summarizes the legal grounds for abortion in all United Nations member states and United Nations General Assembly observer states and some countries with limited recognition. This table is mostly based on data compiled by the United Nations up to 2019,[47] with some updates, additions and clarifications citing other sources.
More information Country, Risk to life ...
| Country | Risk to life | Risk to health | Rape | Fetal impairment | Economic or social | On request |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Abkhazia[48] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Afghanistan | permitted[lower-alpha 15] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited[lower-alpha 15] | prohibited[lower-alpha 15] | prohibited |
 Albania[31] | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | no limit | 22 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Algeria[55] | permitted | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Andorra | prohibited[lower-alpha 16] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Angola[lower-alpha 17] | permitted | permitted | 16 weeks | permitted | prohibited | prohibited |
 Antigua and Barbuda[60] | permitted[lower-alpha 18] | prohibited[lower-alpha 19] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Argentina[35] | no limit | no limit | no limit | 14 weeks | 14 weeks | 14 weeks |
 Armenia[63] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 22 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Australia [subdivisions] | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | varies[lower-alpha 20] |
 Australian Capital Territory[66][67] | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit |
 Christmas Island[lower-alpha 21] | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | 23 weeks |
 Cocos Islands[lower-alpha 22] | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | 23 weeks |
| Jervis Bay Territory[lower-alpha 23] | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit |
 New South Wales[71] | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | 22 weeks |
 Norfolk Island[lower-alpha 24] | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit |
 Northern Territory[75] | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | prohibited[lower-alpha 25] |
 Queensland[76] | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | 22 weeks |
 South Australia[77] | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | 22 weeks and 6 days |
 Tasmania[78] | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | 16 weeks |
 Victoria[79] | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | 24 weeks |
 Western Australia[80] | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | 23 weeks |
 Austria[81] | no limit | no limit | 3 months[lower-alpha 26] | no limit | 3 months[lower-alpha 26] | 3 months[lower-alpha 26] |
 Azerbaijan[82] | no limit | no limit | permitted | permitted | 22 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Bahamas[83] | permitted | permitted[lower-alpha 27] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Bahrain | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 28] | prohibited[lower-alpha 28] | prohibited[lower-alpha 28] | prohibited[lower-alpha 28] | prohibited[lower-alpha 28] |
 Bangladesh | no limit | prohibited[lower-alpha 29] | prohibited[lower-alpha 29] | prohibited[lower-alpha 29] | prohibited[lower-alpha 29] | prohibited[lower-alpha 29] |
 Barbados[86] | no limit | no limit | 12 weeks | no limit | 12 weeks | prohibited |
 Belarus[lower-alpha 30] | no limit | no limit | 22 weeks | no limit | 22 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Belgium[90] | no limit | no limit | 14 weeks[lower-alpha 31] | no limit | 14 weeks[lower-alpha 31] | 14 weeks[lower-alpha 31] |
 Belize | no limit | no limit | prohibited | no limit | permitted | prohibited |
| Country | Risk to life | Risk to health | Rape | Fetal impairment | Economic or social | On request |
 Benin[92] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 12 weeks | prohibited |
 Bhutan[lower-alpha 32] |
180 days | 180 days[lower-alpha 33] | 180 days | 180 days[lower-alpha 33] | prohibited | prohibited |
 Bolivia | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 22 weeks[lower-alpha 34] | prohibited | prohibited |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina [subdivisions] | no limit | no limit | permitted | permitted | permitted | 10 weeks |
| Brčko District[lower-alpha 35] | no limit | no limit | 20 weeks | 20 weeks | 10 weeks | 10 weeks |
| Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina[lower-alpha 35] | no limit | no limit | 20 weeks | 20 weeks | 10 weeks | 10 weeks |
 Republika Srpska[98] | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | 10 weeks |
 Botswana[99] | 16 weeks | 16 weeks | 16 weeks | 16 weeks | prohibited | prohibited |
 Brazil | 22 weeks[lower-alpha 36] | prohibited | 22 weeks[lower-alpha 36] | prohibited[lower-alpha 36] | prohibited | prohibited |
 Brunei[104] | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Bulgaria[105] | no limit | 20 weeks | permitted | no limit | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Burkina Faso[106] | no limit | no limit | 14 weeks | no limit | prohibited | prohibited |
 Burundi | permitted | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited[lower-alpha 37] | prohibited |
 Cambodia[108] | no limit | 12 weeks | no limit | no limit | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Cameroon[109] | permitted | 28 weeks | 28 weeks | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Canada[lower-alpha 38] [subdivisions] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted |
 Alberta | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 20 weeks |
 British Columbia | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 23 weeks and 6 days |
 Manitoba | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 19 weeks and 6 days |
 New Brunswick | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 16 weeks |
 Newfoundland and Labrador | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 15 weeks |
 Northwest Territories | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 19 weeks and 6 days |
 Nova Scotia | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 16 weeks |
 Nunavut | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 12 weeks |
 Ontario | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 23 weeks and 6 days |
 Prince Edward Island | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 12 weeks and 6 days |
 Quebec | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 23 weeks and 6 days |
 Saskatchewan | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 18 weeks and 6 days |
 Yukon | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 12 weeks and 6 days |
 Cape Verde[112] | no limit | no limit | 12 weeks | permitted | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Central African Republic | 8 weeks | prohibited[lower-alpha 39] | 8 weeks | 8 weeks | prohibited | prohibited |
 Chad | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | prohibited | prohibited |
 Chile[114] | no limit | prohibited | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 40] | permitted | prohibited | prohibited |
 China[lower-alpha 1][115][116][lower-alpha 2] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted |
 Colombia | no limit[lower-alpha 41] | no limit[lower-alpha 41] | no limit[lower-alpha 41] | no limit[lower-alpha 41] | 24 weeks[lower-alpha 41] | 24 weeks[lower-alpha 41] |
 Comoros[119] | permitted | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Country | Risk to life | Risk to health | Rape | Fetal impairment | Economic or social | On request |
 Congo | permitted[lower-alpha 42] | prohibited[lower-alpha 42] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Costa Rica | permitted | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 43] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Croatia[123] | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | 10 weeks | 10 weeks |
 Cuba[124][125] | no limit | 22 weeks | no limit | 35 weeks | 22 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Cyprus[126] | permitted | permitted | 19 weeks | permitted | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Czech Republic[127][128] | no limit | permitted[lower-alpha 44] | 12 weeks | no limit | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Democratic Republic of the Congo | permitted[lower-alpha 45] | permitted[lower-alpha 46] | permitted[lower-alpha 46] | permitted[lower-alpha 46] | prohibited | prohibited |
 Denmark[132] | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 47] |
 Djibouti[133][134][135] | permitted | permitted[lower-alpha 27] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Dominica[136] | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 48] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Dominican Republic[138] | prohibited[lower-alpha 49] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 East Timor[lower-alpha 50] | no limit | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Ecuador | permitted | permitted | permitted[lower-alpha 51] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Egypt[146][147] | permitted | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 El Salvador[148] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Equatorial Guinea[149] | 12 weeks | 12 weeks | 12 weeks | 12 weeks | prohibited | prohibited |
 Eritrea[150] | permitted | permitted | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 52] | prohibited[lower-alpha 52] | prohibited[lower-alpha 52] |
 Estonia[151] | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 53] | 22 weeks | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 53] | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 53] |
 Eswatini[152] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | prohibited | prohibited |
 Ethiopia[153][154][155] | 28 weeks | 28 weeks | 28 weeks | 28 weeks | prohibited[lower-alpha 54] | prohibited |
| Country | Risk to life | Risk to health | Rape | Fetal impairment | Economic or social | On request |
 Fiji[157] | no limit | no limit | 20 weeks | no limit | prohibited | prohibited |
 Finland[lower-alpha 14][159] | no limit | no limit | 20 weeks | 24 weeks | 20 weeks | 12 weeks |
 France[160][lower-alpha 55] | no limit | no limit | 16 weeks[lower-alpha 56] | no limit | 16 weeks[lower-alpha 56] | 16 weeks[lower-alpha 56] |
 Gabon[163] | 10 weeks | prohibited[lower-alpha 57] | 10 weeks | 10 weeks | prohibited | prohibited |
 Gambia[164][165][166] | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | permitted | prohibited | prohibited |
 Georgia[167][168] | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Germany | no limit | no limit | 12 weeks | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 58] | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 58] | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 58] |
 Ghana | 28 weeks | 28 weeks | 28 weeks | 28 weeks | prohibited | prohibited |
 Greece[171] | no limit | no limit | 19 weeks | 24 weeks | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 59] | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 59] |
 Grenada[172] | permitted | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Guatemala[173][174] | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Guinea | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | prohibited | prohibited |
 Guinea-Bissau[29][175] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted |
 Guyana[176] | no limit | no limit | 16 weeks | 16 weeks | 8 weeks[lower-alpha 60] | 8 weeks[lower-alpha 60] |
 Haiti[lower-alpha 61] | permitted[lower-alpha 62] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Honduras[179] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Hungary | no limit | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 63] | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 63] | 20 weeks[lower-alpha 64] | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 63] | prohibited |
 Iceland[181] | no limit | no limit | permitted | no limit | permitted | 22 weeks |
 India[182][183] | no limit | 24 weeks | 24 weeks | 24 weeks[lower-alpha 65] | 24 weeks[lower-alpha 66] | prohibited |
 Indonesia[184][185] | no limit | no limit | 14 weeks | no limit | prohibited | prohibited |
| Country | Risk to life | Risk to health | Rape | Fetal impairment | Economic or social | On request |
 Iran[186][187][188] |
4 months | 4 months | prohibited[lower-alpha 67] | 4 months | prohibited | prohibited |
 Iraq | permitted[lower-alpha 68] | prohibited[lower-alpha 69] | prohibited | prohibited[lower-alpha 69] | prohibited | prohibited |
 Ireland[194] | viability[lower-alpha 70] | viability[lower-alpha 70] | 12 weeks | permitted | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Israel | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted[lower-alpha 71] | prohibited[lower-alpha 71] |
 Italy[196] | no limit | viability | 90 days | 90 days | 90 days | 90 days |
 Ivory Coast | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 72] | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 72] | prohibited | prohibited |
 Jamaica | permitted[lower-alpha 73] | permitted[lower-alpha 74] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Japan[203] | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | prohibited | 22 weeks | prohibited |
 Jordan[204] | permitted | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Kazakhstan[205][206] | no limit | no limit | 22 weeks | no limit | 22 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Kenya[207][208] | permitted | permitted | permitted[lower-alpha 75] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Kiribati[211] | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Kosovo[212] | no limit | no limit | 22 weeks | no limit | 10 weeks | 10 weeks |
 Kuwait[213] | permitted | 4 months | prohibited | 4 months | prohibited | prohibited |
 Kyrgyzstan[214][215] | no limit | no limit | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Laos | permitted[lower-alpha 76] | 28 weeks[lower-alpha 76] | 28 weeks[lower-alpha 76] | 28 weeks[lower-alpha 76] | 28 weeks[lower-alpha 76] | prohibited[lower-alpha 76] |
 Latvia[219][220] | permitted | 24 weeks | 12 weeks | 12 weeks | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Lebanon[221] | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Lesotho[222] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | prohibited | prohibited |
 Liberia[223] | 24 weeks | 24 weeks | 24 weeks | 24 weeks | prohibited | prohibited |
| Country | Risk to life | Risk to health | Rape | Fetal impairment | Economic or social | On request |
 Libya[224][225] | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Liechtenstein[226] | permitted | permitted | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Lithuania[227] | no limit | no limit | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 77] | no limit | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 77] | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 77] |
 Luxembourg[228] | no limit | no limit | 14 weeks | no limit | 14 weeks | 14 weeks |
 Madagascar | prohibited[lower-alpha 78] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Malawi[232] | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Malaysia[233] | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Maldives[lower-alpha 79] | no limit | prohibited | 120 days | 120 days[lower-alpha 80] | prohibited | prohibited |
 Mali[238][239] | permitted | permitted[lower-alpha 27] | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Malta[240] | viability | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Marshall Islands | permitted[lower-alpha 62] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Mauritania | permitted[lower-alpha 81] | prohibited[lower-alpha 81] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Mauritius[245] | no limit | no limit | 14 weeks | no limit | prohibited | prohibited |
 Mexico[246] [subdivisions] | varies[lower-alpha 82] | varies[lower-alpha 83] | permitted[lower-alpha 84] | varies[lower-alpha 83] | varies[lower-alpha 83] | varies[lower-alpha 83] |
 Aguascalientes[251] | permitted | 12 weeks | permitted | permitted | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Baja California[252] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Baja California Sur[253] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Campeche[254] | permitted | permitted | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 84] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] |
 Chiapas[255] | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | 90 days[lower-alpha 84] | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] |
 Chihuahua[256] | permitted | permitted | 90 days[lower-alpha 84] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] |
 Coahuila[257] | permitted | permitted[lower-alpha 85] | 90 days[lower-alpha 84] | permitted | permitted[lower-alpha 85] | permitted[lower-alpha 85] |
 Colima[258] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Durango[259] | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] |
 Guanajuato[260] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] |
 Guerrero[261] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Hidalgo[262] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Jalisco[263] | permitted | permitted | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] |
 Mexico City[264][265] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Mexico State[266] | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | permitted | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] |
 Michoacán[267] | permitted | permitted | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 84] | permitted | 12 weeks | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] |
 Morelos[268] | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | permitted | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] |
 Nayarit[269] | permitted | permitted | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] |
 Nuevo León[270] | permitted | permitted | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] |
 Oaxaca[271] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Puebla[272] | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | permitted | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] |
 Querétaro[273] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] |
 Quintana Roo[274][275] | permitted | permitted | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 84] | permitted | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 San Luis Potosí[276] | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] |
 Sinaloa[277] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 13 weeks | 13 weeks |
 Sonora[278] | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] |
 Tabasco[279] | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] |
 Tamaulipas[280] | permitted | permitted | permitted | prohibited | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] |
 Tlaxcala[281] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] |
 Veracruz[282] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Yucatán[283] | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | permitted | permitted | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] |
 Zacatecas[284] | permitted | permitted | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] | prohibited[lower-alpha 83] |
 Micronesia | permitted[lower-alpha 62] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Moldova[285] | 21 weeks | 21 weeks | 21 weeks | 21 weeks | 21 weeks | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 86] |
 Monaco | no limit | no limit | 12 weeks | no limit | prohibited | prohibited |
 Mongolia | 23 weeks | 23 weeks | permitted | permitted | 14 weeks | 14 weeks |
 Montenegro[286] | 32 weeks | 32 weeks | 20 weeks | 20 weeks | 10 weeks | 10 weeks |
 Morocco[lower-alpha 87] | no limit | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Country | Risk to life | Risk to health | Rape | Fetal impairment | Economic or social | On request |
 Mozambique | no limit | no limit | 16 weeks | 24 weeks[lower-alpha 88] | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Myanmar[292][293] | no limit | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Namibia | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | prohibited | prohibited |
 Nauru[294] | no limit | no limit | 20 weeks | 20 weeks | prohibited | prohibited |
 Nepal[295][needs update] | 28 weeks | 28 weeks | 28 weeks | 28 weeks | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Netherlands[lower-alpha 89] | no limit | no limit | 24 weeks | no limit | 24 weeks | 24 weeks |
 New Zealand[296] | no limit | no limit | permitted | permitted | permitted | 20 weeks |
 Nicaragua | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Niger | permitted | permitted | prohibited | permitted | prohibited | prohibited |
 Nigeria [subdivisions] | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 90] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Abia | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 90] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Adamawa | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Akwa Ibom | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 90] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Anambra | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 90] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Bauchi | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Bayelsa | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 90] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Benue | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Borno | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Cross River | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 90] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Delta | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 90] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Ebonyi | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 90] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Edo | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 90] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Ekiti | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 90] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Enugu | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 90] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Federal Capital Territory | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Gombe | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Imo | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 90] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Jigawa | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Kaduna | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Kano | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Katsina | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Kebbi | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Kogi | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Kwara | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Lagos | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 90] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Nasarawa | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Niger | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Ogun | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 90] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Ondo | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 90] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Osun | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 90] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Oyo | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 90] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Plateau | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Rivers | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 90] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Sokoto | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Taraba | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Yobe | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Zamfara | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Northern Cyprus[299] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 10 weeks |
 North Korea | permitted[lower-alpha 91] | permitted[lower-alpha 91] | unclear[lower-alpha 91] | permitted[lower-alpha 91] | unclear[lower-alpha 91] | unclear[lower-alpha 91] |
 North Macedonia | no limit | no limit | 22 weeks[lower-alpha 92] | 22 weeks[lower-alpha 92] | 22 weeks[lower-alpha 92] | 12 weeks |
 Norway[lower-alpha 6] | no limit | no limit | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Oman | permitted[lower-alpha 93] | permitted[lower-alpha 93] | prohibited | 120 days[lower-alpha 93] | prohibited | prohibited |
 Pakistan[310][311] | no limit | organ formation[lower-alpha 94] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Palau | permitted[lower-alpha 95] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Palestine | permitted[lower-alpha 96] | prohibited[lower-alpha 96] | prohibited[lower-alpha 96] | prohibited[lower-alpha 96] | prohibited | prohibited |
 Panama[320][321] | no limit | prohibited | 2 months | 24 weeks | prohibited | prohibited |
 Papua New Guinea[322] | permitted | prohibited[lower-alpha 97] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Country | Risk to life | Risk to health | Rape | Fetal impairment | Economic or social | On request |
 Paraguay[326] | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Peru[327] | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Philippines[328] | prohibited[lower-alpha 98] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Poland[331] | no limit | no limit | 13 weeks | prohibited[lower-alpha 99] | prohibited[lower-alpha 100] | prohibited |
 Portugal[334] | no limit | no limit | 16 weeks | 24 weeks | 10 weeks | 10 weeks |
 Qatar[335][336] | no limit | 4 months | prohibited | 4 months | prohibited | prohibited |
 Romania[337] | no limit | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 14 weeks |
 Russia[338][339][340] | permitted | permitted | 22 weeks | no limit | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Rwanda[341] | no limit | no limit | 22 weeks | no limit | prohibited | prohibited |
 Saint Kitts and Nevis | permitted | permitted[lower-alpha 101] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Saint Lucia[344] | no limit | no limit | 12 weeks | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[345] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | prohibited |
 Samoa[346] | 20 weeks | 20 weeks | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 San Marino[347] | viability[lower-alpha 102] | viability | viability | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 103] | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 São Tomé and Príncipe[32] | no limit | no limit | no limit | 16 weeks | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Saudi Arabia[348] | no limit | 4 months | 40 days[lower-alpha 104] | 40 days[lower-alpha 104] | prohibited | prohibited |
 Senegal | permitted[lower-alpha 105] | prohibited[lower-alpha 105] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Serbia[355][356] | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | 10 weeks | 10 weeks |
 Seychelles | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 106] | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 106] | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 106] | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 106] | prohibited | prohibited |
 Sierra Leone | permitted[lower-alpha 107] | permitted[lower-alpha 107] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
| Country | Risk to life | Risk to health | Rape | Fetal impairment | Economic or social | On request |
 Singapore[366] | no limit | no limit | 24 weeks | 24 weeks | 24 weeks | 24 weeks |
 Slovakia[367][368] | no limit | permitted[lower-alpha 108] | 12 weeks | no limit | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Slovenia[369] | no limit | no limit | 10 weeks | 10 weeks | 10 weeks | 10 weeks |
 Solomon Islands[370] | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Somalia[371][372][lower-alpha 109] | permitted[lower-alpha 110] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 South Africa | no limit | 20 weeks | 20 weeks | no limit | 20 weeks | 12 weeks |
 South Korea[lower-alpha 111] | permitted | 24 weeks | 24 weeks | permitted | permitted[lower-alpha 112] | permitted[lower-alpha 112] |
 South Ossetia[378] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 22 weeks | 12 weeks |
 South Sudan[379] | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Spain[380] | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 14 weeks | 22 weeks[lower-alpha 113] | 14 weeks | 14 weeks |
 Sri Lanka[381] | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Sudan[382] | no limit | prohibited | 90 days[lower-alpha 114] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Suriname | permitted[lower-alpha 115] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Sweden[384] | no limit | no limit | 18 weeks | 18 weeks | 18 weeks | 18 weeks |
 Switzerland[385] | no limit | no limit | 12 weeks | 12 weeks | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Syria[386] | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Taiwan[387][388] | no limit | no limit | 24 weeks | no limit | 24 weeks | prohibited |
 Tajikistan[389] | permitted | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Tanzania[lower-alpha 116] | no limit | permitted[lower-alpha 117] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Thailand[393][394] | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | 20 weeks | 20 weeks |
| Country | Risk to life | Risk to health | Rape | Fetal impairment | Economic or social | On request |
 Togo[395] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | prohibited | prohibited |
 Tonga | permitted[lower-alpha 118] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Transnistria[398][399] | no limit | no limit | 22 weeks | no limit | 22 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Trinidad and Tobago | permitted[lower-alpha 119] | permitted[lower-alpha 119] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Tunisia[21] | no limit | no limit | 3 months | no limit | 3 months | 3 months |
 Turkey[403][404][405] | no limit | 10 weeks | 20 weeks | no limit | 10 weeks | 10 weeks |
 Turkmenistan[406] | no limit | no limit | permitted | permitted | 22 weeks | 5 weeks |
 Tuvalu[407] | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Uganda | 28 weeks | 28 weeks | 28 weeks | 28 weeks | prohibited | prohibited |
 Ukraine[408] | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 120] | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 120] |
 United Arab Emirates | no limit | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited[lower-alpha 121] | prohibited | prohibited |
 United Kingdom [subdivisions] | no limit | no limit | permitted[lower-alpha 122] | no limit | 24 weeks[lower-alpha 122] | varies[lower-alpha 123] |
 England[416] | no limit | no limit | permitted[lower-alpha 122] | no limit | 24 weeks[lower-alpha 122] | prohibited |
| Northern Ireland[415] | no limit | no limit | permitted[lower-alpha 122] | no limit | 24 weeks[lower-alpha 122] | 12 weeks |
 Scotland[416] | no limit | no limit | permitted[lower-alpha 122] | no limit | 24 weeks[lower-alpha 122] | prohibited |
 Wales[416] | no limit | no limit | permitted[lower-alpha 122] | no limit | 24 weeks[lower-alpha 122] | prohibited |
 United States[417] [subdivisions] | no limit | varies[lower-alpha 124] | varies[lower-alpha 124] | varies[lower-alpha 124] | varies[lower-alpha 124] | varies[lower-alpha 124] |
 Alabama[418] | no limit | no limit | prohibited | prohibited[lower-alpha 125] | prohibited | prohibited |
 Alaska | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit |
 Arizona[420][421][422] | no limit | no limit[lower-alpha 126] | 15 weeks[lower-alpha 126] | 15 weeks[lower-alpha 126] | 15 weeks[lower-alpha 126] | 15 weeks[lower-alpha 126] |
 Arkansas[423][424] | no limit | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 California[lower-alpha 127] | no limit | no limit | viability | viability | viability | viability |
 Colorado | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit |
 Connecticut | no limit | no limit | viability | viability | viability | viability |
 Delaware | no limit | no limit | viability | no limit | viability | viability |
 District of Columbia | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit |
 Florida[425][426] | no limit | no limit | 15 weeks | 15 weeks[lower-alpha 128] | 15 weeks | 15 weeks |
 Georgia[427][428][429] | no limit | no limit | 22 weeks[lower-alpha 129] | no limit | heartbeat[lower-alpha 130] | heartbeat[lower-alpha 130] |
 Hawaii | no limit | no limit | viability | viability | viability | viability |
 Idaho[430][431] | no limit | prohibited | 15 weeks[lower-alpha 131] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Illinois | no limit | no limit | viability | viability | viability | viability |
 Indiana[433][434] | no limit | no limit | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 132] | prohibited[lower-alpha 133] | prohibited | prohibited |
 Iowa[435][436] | no limit | no limit | 22 weeks[lower-alpha 129] | 22 weeks[lower-alpha 129][lower-alpha 134] | 22 weeks[lower-alpha 129][lower-alpha 134] | 22 weeks[lower-alpha 129][lower-alpha 134] |
 Kansas | no limit | no limit | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 22 weeks |
 Kentucky[437][438] | no limit | no limit | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Louisiana[439] | no limit | no limit | prohibited | prohibited[lower-alpha 135] | prohibited | prohibited |
 Maine[441] | no limit | no limit | viability[lower-alpha 136] | viability[lower-alpha 136] | viability[lower-alpha 136] | viability |
 Maryland[442] | no limit | no limit | viability[lower-alpha 137] | no limit | viability[lower-alpha 137] | viability[lower-alpha 137] |
 Massachusetts | no limit | no limit | 24 weeks | no limit | 24 weeks | 24 weeks |
 Michigan[lower-alpha 127][445] | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit |
 Minnesota[446][447] | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit |
 Mississippi[448][449][450] | no limit | prohibited | 20 weeks | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Missouri[451] | no limit | no limit | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Montana | no limit | no limit | viability | viability | viability | viability |
 Nebraska[452][453] | no limit | no limit | 22 weeks[lower-alpha 129] | 12 weeks | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Nevada | no limit | no limit | 24 weeks | 24 weeks | 24 weeks | 24 weeks |
 New Hampshire[454] | no limit | no limit | 24 weeks | no limit | 24 weeks | 24 weeks |
 New Jersey | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit |
 New Mexico[455] | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit |
 New York | no limit | no limit | 24 weeks[lower-alpha 138] | 24 weeks[lower-alpha 138] | 24 weeks[lower-alpha 138] | 24 weeks[lower-alpha 138] |
 North Carolina[457] | no limit | no limit | 20 weeks | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 139] | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 North Dakota[458] | no limit | no limit | 6 weeks | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Ohio[459][460] | no limit | no limit | viability[lower-alpha 134] | viability[lower-alpha 134] | viability[lower-alpha 134] | viability[lower-alpha 134] |
 Oklahoma[461][462] | no limit | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Oregon | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit |
 Pennsylvania | no limit | no limit | 24 weeks | 24 weeks | 24 weeks | 24 weeks |
 Rhode Island | no limit | no limit | viability | viability | viability | viability |
 South Carolina[463][464][465] | no limit | no limit | 12 weeks | no limit | heartbeat[lower-alpha 130] | heartbeat[lower-alpha 130] |
 South Dakota[466] | no limit | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Tennessee[467] | no limit | no limit | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Texas[468][469] | no limit | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Utah[470][471][472] | no limit | no limit | no limit | 18 weeks[lower-alpha 140][lower-alpha 134] | 18 weeks[lower-alpha 134] | 18 weeks[lower-alpha 134] |
 Vermont[lower-alpha 127] | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit |
 Virginia | no limit | no limit | 6 months | 6 months | 6 months | 6 months |
 Washington[473] | no limit | no limit | viability | viability | viability | viability |
 West Virginia[474] | no limit | no limit | 11 weeks[lower-alpha 141] | prohibited[lower-alpha 142] | prohibited | prohibited |
 Wisconsin[475][476][477] | no limit | no limit[lower-alpha 134] | 22 weeks[lower-alpha 129][lower-alpha 134] | 22 weeks[lower-alpha 129][lower-alpha 134] | 22 weeks[lower-alpha 129][lower-alpha 134] | 22 weeks[lower-alpha 129][lower-alpha 134] |
 Wyoming[478][479][480] | no limit | no limit | viability | viability | viability[lower-alpha 134] | viability[lower-alpha 134] |
 Uruguay[481][482] | no limit | no limit | 14 weeks[lower-alpha 143] | no limit | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 143] | 12 weeks |
 Uzbekistan[484] | permitted | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Vanuatu[485] | permitted | permitted[lower-alpha 144] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Vatican City | prohibited[lower-alpha 145] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Venezuela[493][494] | 22 weeks | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Vietnam[495][496] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | 22 weeks[lower-alpha 146] |
 Yemen[500] | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Zambia[501] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | prohibited |
 Zimbabwe[502][503] | 22 weeks | 22 weeks | 22 weeks[lower-alpha 147] | 22 weeks | prohibited[lower-alpha 148] | prohibited[lower-alpha 148] |
| Country | Risk to life | Risk to health | Rape | Fetal impairment | Economic or social | On request |
Close
Autonomous jurisdictions
The table below summarizes the legal grounds for abortion in autonomous jurisdictions not included in the previous table.
More information Jurisdiction, Risk to life ...
| Jurisdiction | Risk to life | Risk to health | Rape | Fetal impairment | Economic or social | On request |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akrotiri and Dhekelia[506] | permitted | permitted | permitted[lower-alpha 149] | permitted | permitted[lower-alpha 149] | prohibited |
 American Samoa[507] | permitted | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Anguilla[508] | no limit | 28 weeks | prohibited | 28 weeks | prohibited | prohibited |
 Aruba[509] | permitted[lower-alpha 150] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Bermuda[510] | permitted | permitted | permitted | permitted | prohibited | prohibited |
 British Virgin Islands[511] | no limit | 28 weeks | prohibited | 28 weeks | prohibited | prohibited |
 Cayman Islands[512] | permitted | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Cook Islands[513][lower-alpha 151] | permitted | permitted[lower-alpha 152] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Curaçao[517] | permitted[lower-alpha 150] | prohibited[lower-alpha 153] | prohibited[lower-alpha 153] | prohibited[lower-alpha 153] | prohibited[lower-alpha 153] | prohibited[lower-alpha 153] |
 Falkland Islands[519] | no limit | no limit | permitted[lower-alpha 149] | no limit | 24 weeks[lower-alpha 149] | prohibited |
 Faroe Islands[520] | no limit | no limit | 16 weeks | 16 weeks | prohibited[lower-alpha 154] | prohibited |
 Gibraltar[521] | no limit | no limit | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 155] | no limit | 12 weeks[lower-alpha 149] | prohibited |
 Greenland[523] | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | no limit | 12 weeks |
 Guam[524][525] | no limit | no limit[lower-alpha 156] | 26 weeks[lower-alpha 156] | 26 weeks[lower-alpha 156] | 13 weeks[lower-alpha 156] | 13 weeks[lower-alpha 156] |
| Guernsey [subdivisions] | permitted[lower-alpha 157] | permitted[lower-alpha 157] | varies[lower-alpha 158] | varies[lower-alpha 158] | varies[lower-alpha 158] | prohibited |
 Alderney[528][lower-alpha 159] | permitted[lower-alpha 157] | permitted[lower-alpha 157] | prohibited[lower-alpha 159] | prohibited[lower-alpha 159] | prohibited[lower-alpha 159] | prohibited |
 Guernsey[529] | no limit | no limit | permitted[lower-alpha 149] | no limit | 24 weeks[lower-alpha 149] | prohibited |
 Sark[528] | permitted[lower-alpha 157] | permitted[lower-alpha 157] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Hong Kong[532] | no limit | 24 weeks | 24 weeks | 24 weeks | 24 weeks | prohibited |
 Isle of Man[533] | no limit | no limit | 23 weeks | no limit | 23 weeks | 14 weeks |
 Jersey[534] | no limit | no limit | 12 weeks | 24 weeks | 12 weeks | 12 weeks |
 Macau[535] | no limit | no limit | 24 weeks | 24 weeks | prohibited | prohibited |
 Montserrat[536] | no limit | viability | prohibited | viability | prohibited | prohibited |
 Niue | permitted[lower-alpha 160] | permitted[lower-alpha 160] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Northern Mariana Islands[542] | prohibited[lower-alpha 161] | prohibited[lower-alpha 161] | prohibited[lower-alpha 161] | prohibited[lower-alpha 161] | prohibited[lower-alpha 161] | prohibited[lower-alpha 161] |
 Pitcairn Islands[lower-alpha 162] | no limit | no limit | permitted[lower-alpha 122] | no limit | 24 weeks[lower-alpha 122] | prohibited |
 Puerto Rico[546] | no limit | no limit | no limit[lower-alpha 163] | no limit[lower-alpha 163] | no limit[lower-alpha 163] | prohibited[lower-alpha 163] |
| Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha[lower-alpha 164] | no limit | no limit | permitted[lower-alpha 122] | no limit | 24 weeks[lower-alpha 122] | prohibited |
 Sint Maarten[551] | permitted[lower-alpha 150] | prohibited[lower-alpha 165] | prohibited[lower-alpha 165] | prohibited[lower-alpha 165] | prohibited[lower-alpha 165] | prohibited[lower-alpha 165] |
 Tokelau[552] | permitted[lower-alpha 166] | permitted[lower-alpha 166] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 Turks and Caicos Islands[554] | permitted[lower-alpha 167] | permitted[lower-alpha 167] | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited | prohibited |
 U.S. Virgin Islands[555] | no limit | no limit | 24 weeks | 24 weeks | 24 weeks | 24 weeks |
| Jurisdiction | Risk to life | Risk to health | Rape | Fetal impairment | Economic or social | On request |
Close
Comparative limits for countries with elective abortions
 | The examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with Europe and North America and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (July 2022) |
Legal limits may not be directly comparable. Limits may be expressed in trimesters, months, weeks of pregnancy (implantation), weeks from fertilization, or weeks from last menstrual period (LMP).
Color-coded map illustrating the term limits of elective abortion in Europe (in weeks from last menstrual period, fertilization or implantation)
|
Illegal
Legal but generally unavailable (Northern Ireland)
Legal first 5 weeks (Turkmenistan)
Legal first 10 weeks
Legal first 11 weeks (Estonia)
Legal first 12 weeks
Legal first 13 weeks (3 months, Austria, Tunisia)
Legal first 14 weeks
Legal first 18 weeks
Legal first 22 weeks (Iceland)
Legal first 24 weeks
|
Technically illegal, but generally available through 12 weeks (Finland)
Technically illegal, but generally available through 24 weeks (Great Britain)
Technically 12 weeks, but generally available through 22 weeks (ex-USSR)
Technically 12 weeks, but generally available through 28 weeks (ex-USSR)
Legal if the pregnancy is not from marriage; generally available under exemptions (Israel)
|
Legal but no providers Legal through 12th week LMP*
Legal through 15th week LMP* (1st trimester)
Legal through 18th week LMP*
Legal through 20th week LMP*
Legal through 22nd week LMP* (5 months)
Legal through 24th week LMP* (5½ months)
Legal at any stage
*LMP is the time since the last menstrual period began. |
This color-coded map illustrates the current legal status of elective-specific abortion procedures in each of the individual states, U.S. territories, and federal district.[lower-alpha 168] A colored border indicates a more stringent restriction or ban that is blocked by legal injunction or trigger provision (as of September 18, 2023).
- v
- t
- e
Color-coded map illustrating availability of abortion in Canada, in weeks of embryonic age (from fertilization). Abortion is legal at all stages in Canada, but availability is subject to medical guidelines.
|
Available first 12 weeks (PEI)
Available first 13 weeks
Available first 16 weeks
Available first 19 weeks
Available first 20 weeks
Available first 24 weeks
Available first 25 weeks |
Countries with more restrictive laws
According to a report by Women on Waves,[better source needed] approximately 25% of the world's population[as of?] lives in countries with "highly restrictive abortion laws"—that is, laws which either completely ban abortion, or allow it only to save the mother's life. This category includes several countries in Latin America, Africa, Asia and Oceania, as well as Andorra and Malta in Europe.[556] The Center for Reproductive Rights report that "[t]he inability to access safe and legal abortion care impacts 700 million women of reproductive age."[557]
Some of the countries of Central America, notably El Salvador, have also come to international attention due to very forceful enforcement of the laws, including the incarceration of a gang-rape victim for homicide when she gave birth to a stillborn son and was accused of attempting an illegal abortion.[558][559][560]
El Salvador has some of the strictest abortion laws of any country. Abortion under all circumstances, including rape, incest, and risk to the mothers health, is illegal. Women can be criminalized and penalized to up to 40 years in prison after being found guilty of an abortion. El Salvador's abortion laws are so severe that miscarriages and stillbirths can sometimes be enough for conviction. The Inter-American Court has already ruled that El Salvador was responsible for the death of Manuela, who was sentenced to 30 years in prison in 2008 for aggravated homicide after suffering an obstetric emergency that resulted in her losing her pregnancy.[561] Lack of access to abortion is recognized by Uruguay, Mexico, Argentina, and Colombia as a human rights issue. This shows progress in underdeveloped nations.
Ireland
Ireland has had a long withstanding rule of the land called the Offenses Against Persons Act of 1861, which is what first prohibited abortions. This law was enacted to prohibit abortions in Ireland in 1920 when Ireland became its own independent country. To counteract the infiltration of pro abortion laws, Ireland's Catholic organizations formed the Pro Life Amendment Campaign. This organization was formed to create an abortion ban at a constitutional level. Ireland's 8th constitutional amendment was made in 1986, “acknowledges the right to life of the unborn and [gave] due regard to the equal right to life of the mother.”[562]
In 1992, a case of a 14 year old pregnant girl, threatening suicide to the courts if she were not allowed abortion, sparked change in Ireland's people. An appeals was made to the higher courts that suicidal thoughts were enough for endangerment of a mother's life for termination to be allowed. This case began the new wave of activism in Ireland which promoted the protection of the mother's life, and pushed for abortion rights. Activism grew into the larger public eye which prompted new laws to be made and introduced protecting the mother's life.[562]
New wave of activism in Ireland stretched until 2013 when the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act was signed into law. This law recognized the mother's life over the fetus's and would allow pregnancy termination in cases where the mother is in danger. In 2018 Ireland's abortion ban by constitution was repealed and abortions up to the first trimester were legalized and covered by Ireland's public health service.[562]
Beginning of pregnancy controversy
Main article: Beginning of pregnancy controversy
Controversy over the beginning of pregnancy occurs in different contexts, particularly in a legal context, and is particularly discussed within the abortion debate from the point of measuring the gestational age of the pregnancy. Pregnancy can be measured from a number of convenient points, including the day of last menstruation, ovulation, fertilization, implantation and chemical detection. A common medical way to calculate gestational age is to measure pregnancy from the first day of the last menstrual cycle.[lower-alpha 172] However, not all legal systems use this measure for the purpose of abortion law; for example countries such as Belgium, France, and Luxembourg use the term "pregnancy" in the abortion law to refer to the time elapsed from the sexual act that led to conception, which is presumed to be 2 weeks after the end of the last menstrual period.[lower-alpha 173]
Exceptions in abortion laws occur either in countries where abortion is as a general rule illegal or in countries that have abortion on request with gestational limits. For example, if a country allows abortion on request until 12 weeks, it may create exceptions to this general gestation limit for later abortions in specific circumstances.[568]
There are a few exceptions commonly found in abortion laws. Legal domains which do not have abortion on demand will often allow it when the health of the mother is at stake. "Health of the mother" may mean something different in different areas: for example, prior to December 2018, Ireland allowed abortion only to save the mother's life, whereas abortion opponents in the United States argue health exceptions are used so broadly as to render a ban essentially meaningless.[569]
Laws allowing abortion in cases of rape or incest often differ. For example, before Roe v. Wade, thirteen U.S. states allowed abortion in the case of either rape or incest, but only Mississippi permitted abortion of pregnancies due to rape, and no state permitted it for just incest.[570]
Many[vague] countries allow abortion only through the first or second trimester, and some may allow abortion in cases of fetal defects, e.g., Down syndrome, or where the pregnancy is the result of a sexual crime.
Main article: Legal protection of access to abortion
Laws in some countries with liberal abortion laws protect access to abortion services. Such legislation often seeks to guard abortion clinics against obstruction, vandalism, picketing, and other actions, or to protect patients and employees of such facilities from threats and harassment. Other laws create a perimeter around a facility, known variously as a "buffer zone", "bubble zone", or "access zone", where demonstrations opposing abortion are not permitted. Protests and other displays are restricted to a certain distance from the building, which varies depending on the law. Similar zones have also been created to protect the homes of abortion providers and clinic staff. Bubble zone laws are divided into "fixed" and "floating" categories. Fixed bubble zone laws apply to the static area around the facility itself, and floating laws to objects in transit, such as people or cars.[571] Because of conflicts between anti-abortion activists on one side and women seeking abortion and medical staff who provides abortion on the other side, some laws are quite strict: in South Africa for instance, any person who prevents the lawful termination of a pregnancy or obstructs access to a facility for the termination of a pregnancy faces up to 10 years in prison (section 10.1 (c) of the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act[572]).
On 3 November 2020, an association of 20 Kenyan charities urged the government of Kenya to withdraw from the Geneva Consensus Declaration (GCD), a US-led international accord that sought to limit access to abortion for girls and women around the world. GCD was signed by 33 nations, on 22 October 2020.[573]
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
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 | This list has no precise inclusion criteria as described in the Manual of Style for standalone lists. (September 2022) |
More information Year, Jurisdiction ...
| Year | Jurisdiction | Description | Abortion access affirmed or expanded? |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1879 |  Canada | Abortion trial of Emily Stowe | |
| 1938 | United Kingdom | R v Bourne Abortion in case of risk to physical or mental health included in risk to life. The decision was also implemented by some British territories and their successors.[361] | Yes |
| 1952 |  Canada | Azoulay v R[574] | |
| 1969 | Victoria (Australia) | R v Davidson[lower-alpha 174] Abortion allowed in case of risk to life, and physical or mental health.[575] | Yes |
| 1971 | United States | United States v. Vuitch | Restrictions upheld |
| New South Wales (Australia) | R v Wald Abortion in case of socioeconomic reasons included in risk to physical or mental health. | Yes | |
| 1973 | United States |
Doe v. Bolton Abortion allowed after viability if necessary to protect her health. | |
| Roe v. Wade Abortion allowed on demand in the entire country. | |||
| 1975 | Germany | German Federal Constitutional Court abortion decision | Law restricted |
| 1976 | Canada | Morgentaler v R | Restrictions upheld |
| United States | Planned Parenthood v. Danforth | Legalization upheld | |
| 1979 | Maher v. Roe | ||
| Colautti v. Franklin | |||
| 1980 | Puerto Rico | Pueblo v. Duarte Application of Roe v. Wade to Puerto Rico.[546] | Yes |
| United States | Harris v. McRae | ||
| 1981 | H. L. v. Matheson | Restrictions upheld | |
| Israel | A. v. B. Paternal consent not required. | Yes | |
| 1983 | United States | City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health | |
| 1986 | Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists | ||
| 1988 | Canada | R v Morgentaler | Yes |
| 1989 | Borowski v Canada (AG) | ||
| United States | Webster v. Reproductive Health Services | Restrictions upheld | |
| Canada | Tremblay v Daigle | Yes | |
| 1990 | United States | Hodgson v. Minnesota | |
| 1991 | Rust v. Sullivan | ||
| 1992 | Ireland | Attorney General v. X Abortion allowed in case of risk to life, including risk of suicide. | Yes |
| United States | Planned Parenthood v. Casey | ||
| 1993 | Bray v. Alexandria Women's Health Clinic | ||
| Germany | 2 BvF 2/90[169] | ||
| Canada | R v Morgentaler | Yes | |
| 1995 | New South Wales (Australia) | CES v. Superclinics Physical or mental health should be considered not only during the pregnancy but also after the birth. | |
| 1997 | Poland | K 26/96 Abortion for economic or social reasons ruled unconstitutional.[333] | Law restricted |
| United States | Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists | ||
| 1998 | South Africa | Christian Lawyers Association v Minister of Health Law allowing abortion on demand ruled constitutional. | Legalization upheld |
| 2000 | United States | Hill v. Colorado | |
| Stenberg v. Carhart Supreme Court struck down Nebraska's partial-birth abortion ban. | Yes | ||
| 2001 | Argentina | T., S. v. Government of Buenos Aires City[576] | |
| 2003 | United States | Scheidler v. National Organization for Women | |
| 2006 | Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England | ||
| Scheidler v. National Organization for Women | |||
| Gonzales v. Carhart Supreme Court upheld the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003. | Restrictions upheld | ||
| Colombia | Constitutional Court allowed abortion in case of danger to woman's life or health, rape, and fetal deformation.[118] | Yes | |
 Council of Europe | D v Ireland | ||
| New South Wales (Australia) | R v Sood[577] | ||
| 2007 | Council of Europe | Tysiąc v Poland[578] | |
| Slovakia | Constitutional Court ruled law allowing abortion on demand constitutional.[579] | Legalization upheld | |
| 2008 | Nepal | Achyut Kharel v. Government of Nepal [580] | |
| 2009 | Council of Europe | A, B and C v Ireland The court rejected the argument that article 8 conferred a right to abortion, but found that Ireland had violated the European Convention on Human Rights by failing to provide an accessible and effective procedure by which a woman can have established whether she qualifies for a legal abortion. | Yes |
| Nepal | Lakshmi v. Government of Nepal Supreme Court upheld and expanded legal abortion.[581] | ||
| 2011 | United Kingdom | British Pregnancy Advisory Service v Secretary of State for Health[582] | |
| 2012 | Argentina | F., A. L. Abortion allowed in case of rape of any woman, regardless of her mental health.[583] | Yes |
| Brazil | ADPF 54 Abortion allowed in case of anencephaly.[584] | ||
| Council of Europe | P. and S. v. Poland[585] | ||
| 2013 | El Salvador | Case of "Beatriz"[586] | |
| 2014 | Bolivia | Ruling 0206/2014[587] | |
| Ireland | P.P. v. Health Service Executive | ||
| 2015 | Dominican Republic | Constitutional Court ruled law allowing abortion in certain cases unconstitutional.[588] | Law restricted |
| Rwanda | RPA 0787/15/HC/KIG[589] | ||
| 2016 | United States | Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt | Yes |
 United Nations | Mellet v Ireland | ||
| 2017 | Chile | Constitutional Court ruled law allowing abortion in certain cases constitutional.[114] | Yes |
| Croatia | Constitutional Court ruled law allowing abortion on demand constitutional.[590] | Legalization upheld | |
| 2018 | United Kingdom | Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission v Department of Justice[591] | |
| 2019 | South Korea | Abortion allowed on request. Decision took effect in 2021.[376] | Yes |
| Australia | Clubb v Edwards | ||
| Kenya | FIDA-Kenya and Others v. Attorney General and Others Abortion allowed in case of rape.[209] | Yes | |
| 2020 | Poland | K 1/20 Abortion in case of fetal deformity ruled unconstitutional. The decision was implemented on 27 January 2021.[332] | Law restricted |
| Thailand | Ruling No. 4/2563[592] | ||
| Colombia | Constitutional Court ruled law allowing abortion in certain cases constitutional rejecting both total ban and legalization.[593] | Law upheld | |
| 2021 | Ecuador | Abortion allowed in case of rape of any woman, regardless of her mental health.[145] | Yes |
| Mexico | Deadlines in case of pregnancy after rape ruled unconstitutional.[249][250] | ||
| Penalties for abortion ruled unconstitutional.[40][41] | |||
| [594] | |||
| [595][596] | |||
| Inter-American Court of Human Rights | Manuela and Others v. El Salvador[597] | ||
| United States | United States v. Texas | Restrictions upheld | |
| Whole Woman's Health v. Jackson | |||
| 2022 | Colombia | Constitutional Court decriminalized abortion up to 24 weeks of gestation.[39] | Yes |
| United States | Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
States may now ban or restrict abortion before viability, Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey overturned. |
Law restricted | |
| India | Abortion allowed under the same criteria regardless of marital status.[598] | Yes | |
| 2023 | Mexico | Abortion allowed at federal health facilities anywhere in the country.[247][248] | Yes |
Close
- In 2021, the Chinese government issued guidelines reducing "non-medically necessary" abortions as a "step toward women's development".[16] The guidelines do not provide detail on what a "non-medically necessary" abortion is, nor what specific policies the government has planned to achieve this goal.[17][18]
- The law from 1957 legalizing the abortion on request was limited in 1962 when additional approval for each abortion had to be obtained from so called Abort Commission (which rejected about 15% of the requests). The Abort Commissions were abolished by law in 1986. Until 1993 each approved abortion was paid by state.[19][20]
- In some parts of Overseas France, abortion on request became legal in 2001.[22][23][24]
- The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 1978 and came into force in 1979.[25]
- In the Caribbean Netherlands, abortion on request became legal in 2011.[26][27]
- The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 1995 and came into force in 1996.[31]
- The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 2014 and came into force in 2015.[33]
- The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 2018 and came into force in 2019.[34]
- The law legalizing abortion on request was approved in 2020 and came into force in 2021.[35]
- The law of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan consisted primarily of statutory law and a limited use of Islamic jurisprudence.[49] The Afghan penal code criminalized abortion and only removed the penalty if the abortion was prescribed by a doctor to save the woman's life,[50][51] but other sources said that Afghanistan also allowed abortion in case of fetal impairment,[52] and rarely for economic reasons if accepted by a religious council.[53] After the 2021 Taliban offensive, the new government announced its intention to implement Islamic law exclusively, and it is unclear which legal grounds for abortion it accepts.[54]
- The UN source says that this ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle.[56] However, other sources say that abortion is not legally allowed under any circumstance in Andorra.[57]
- A 2001 UN source says that abortion must be performed within the first 16 weeks and that it may be permitted after this period under very exceptional circumstances.[61]
- Before independence, a judicial decision in the parent country allowed abortion for this ground, but the decision has not been explicitly recognized by Antigua and Barbuda.[61][62]: 14
- Abortion for this ground is permitted in all subdivisions except the Northern Territory.[64][65]
- Applies the laws of Western Australia.[68]
- Applies the laws of Western Australia.[69]
- Applies the laws of the Australian Capital Territory.[70]
- Abortion up to 24 weeks may be performed if the medical practitioner considers the abortion is appropriate in all the circumstances, having regard to all relevant medical circumstances, the woman's current and future physical, psychological and social circumstances, and professional standards and guidelines. Later abortion may be performed, if two medical practitioners consider the abortion is appropriate in all the circumstances, having regard to the mentioned matters.[75] These criteria are not considered as allowing abortion on request.[64][65]
- The penal code says that abortion is permitted for therapeutic purposes but is unclear whether it means only to save the woman's life or also to preserve her health. The UN source marks it as a permitted ground.
- The UN source does not explicitly mark this legal ground for abortion but says that "Menstrual regulation is available on request for women with a last menstrual period of 10 weeks or less."[47]
- Defined as 12 weeks from conception, considered as 14 weeks from the last menstrual period.[91]
- The penal code prohibits abortion except to save the woman's life, when the pregnancy is a result of rape or incest, or when the woman is of unsound mental condition.[93] Guidelines for health workers mention grounds of risk to the woman's health and fetal impairment, and define a gestational limit of 180 days.[94]
- This ground is established by a regulation implementing a judicial decision, although it is not mentioned in the decision itself or in the law.[95]
- Continues to apply the abortion law of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[96][97]
- The penal code criminalizes abortion and only removes the penalty if the abortion is done to save the woman's life or if the pregnancy is the result of rape.[100] Due to a decision by the Supreme Federal Court, abortion is also permitted in case of anencephaly, and it may also be authorized by court order in other fatal cases of fetal impairment.[101][102][103]
- The penal code says that social demands are taken into account in a conviction for abortion.[107] It is unclear if this circumstance reduces the penalty or may remove it.
- The penal code says that abortion may be permitted to an underage woman in a state of grave distress up to 8 weeks.[113]
- This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law.[120] The Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which is declared to be an integral part of the constitution, says that "Abortion, other than therapeutic, is prohibited and punishable by law."[121] It is unclear whether the therapeutic ground means only to save the woman's life or also to preserve her health. The UN source says that only the ground to save the woman's life is accepted as a general legal principle.[43]
- A judicial pardon may be granted to the woman for an abortion on this ground.[122]
- This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle, allowed by regulation and established by treaty.[129][130]
- This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by treaty, whose application is requested by the Constitutional Court.[129][131]
- Before independence, a judicial decision in the parent country allowed abortion for this ground, but the decision has not been explicitly recognized by Dominica.[137]
- The UN source says that this ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle. However, other sources say that abortion is not legally allowed under any circumstance in the Dominican Republic.[139][140]
- The UN source shows East Timor as allowing abortion also in case of risk to the woman's health or fetal impairment, citing the penal code enacted in March 2009 and entered into force in June 2009.[141][142] However, the penal code was amended in July 2009 to restrict abortion only to save the woman's life.[143][142][144]
- This ground is explicitly mentioned in the law only in case of rape of a woman with a mental disability, but it is also established by judicial decision in case of rape of any woman.[145]
- extreme poverty[156]
- Including Overseas France.[161]
- Defined as 14 weeks of pregnancy, considered as 16 weeks from the last menstrual period.[162]
- The criminal code specifies that abortion is not deemed an offence if the woman requests it, she has obtained counselling, and it is done by a physician within 12 weeks from conception. (Also, the woman is not punished for an abortion within 22 weeks if the other conditions are fulfilled.) The woman's living conditions are also taken into account in the indication of a serious risk to her health.[169][170]
- If the woman is HIV-positive or contraception failure, the gestational limit is 16 weeks.
- This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle.
- Up to 18 weeks if the woman is incapacitated or did not recognize the pregnancy due to illness or medical error, or in case of failure of a health institution.[180]
- Up to 24 weeks in case of prolongation of the diagnostic procedure, or no limit in case of fetal abnormality incompatible with life after birth.[180]
- No limit in case of "substantial foetal abnormalities".[182]
- Including the failure of contraception.[182]
- This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law,[189] but it may be included in other legal grounds if the pregnancy causes unbearable hardship, such as significant harm to mental health or risk of suicide.[190][better source needed]
- This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle.[191][192]
- This ground is only cited in instructions to health committees, not by law.[193]
- Abortion is permitted if the woman is under age 18 or over age 40, or if she is not married or the pregnancy is not from marriage.[195]
- The UN source marks it as a legal ground but it is only established by treaty, not by law and not implemented as of 2020.[197][198]
- This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle and established by judicial decision.[199][200][201][202]
- This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by judicial decision.[199][200][201][202]
- The penal code prohibits "unlawful abortion", defined as "abortion not authorized by medical doctor commission". The penal code also lists the principles of legitimate defense and necessity to save one's life, which lead to exemption from penal liability.[216] A decision by the Ministry of Health states that abortion is medically authorized, up to 28 weeks of gestation, due to certain medical conditions of the woman or fetus, rape, contraception failure, and certain socioeconomic conditions of the woman or her family.[217] A WHO source also shows Laos as allowing abortion on request up to 12 weeks of gestation, citing guidelines for health workers from 2016,[218] but they were issued before the penal code of 2017 defined "unlawful abortion" and are not mentioned in the decision by the Ministry of Health of 2021.
- This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law.[229] The UN source says that it is accepted as a general legal principle,[43] but other sources say that abortion is not legally allowed under any circumstance in Madagascar.[230][231]
- The law of Maldives is a combination of statutory and Islamic law.[234] The Maldivian penal code criminalizes abortion after 120 days of gestation, except for risk to the woman's life.[235] The Maldivian Islamic jurisprudence allows abortion only for risk to the woman's life, without gestational limit, or in cases of rape, incest, or certain medical conditions of a fetus conceived in marriage, up to 120 days of gestation.[236][237]
- The penal code prohibits abortion without any explicit exception,[241] but the UN source says that abortion to save the woman's life is permitted as a general legal principle.[43] The law on child protection prohibits abortion except for a "proven medical need",[242] and the law on reproductive health prohibits abortion except in case of risk to the woman's life.[243] The government has stated that the law of the country permits abortion on therapeutic grounds.[244]
- Abortion for this ground is permitted by law in all subdivisions except Guanajuato and Querétaro. In these two states, medical professionals at federal health facilities may provide abortion without prosecution,[247][248] while others may be prosecuted but not imprisoned, and they may request judicial relief by amparo.[40][41]
- Abortion for this ground is permitted by law in some states and Mexico City. In other states, medical professionals at federal health facilities may provide abortion without prosecution,[247][248] while others may be prosecuted but not imprisoned, and they may request judicial relief by amparo.[40][41]
- The penal codes of some states specify a gestational limit for abortion in case of rape. However, in July 2021, the Supreme Court ruled that it is unconstitutional to set a limit for abortion on this ground.[249][250]
- In 2016, the government of Morocco proposed allowing abortion in cases of rape, incest, mental disability and fetal impairment. However, the parliament did not approve the proposal,[287][288] and as of 2021 the abortion articles in the penal code remain unchanged.[289][290]
- May be permitted with no gestational limit in case the fetus is not viable.[291]
- Including the Caribbean Netherlands.[26][27]
- The Criminal Code of the predecessor of Nigeria prohibited abortion except to save the woman's life. A judicial decision on a similar law in the parent country allowed abortion also to preserve the woman's health, but the West African Court of Appeal, despite applying the reasoning of the parent country's decision, affirmed only the ground to save the woman's life in Nigerian law. The Criminal Code and its judicial precedent remain in force in the southern states of Nigeria. In the states corresponding to the former Northern Region, the Penal Code replaced the Criminal Code and its judicial precedent, and it also prohibits abortion except to save the woman's life.[297][298]
- The criminal law of North Korea, as amended up to 2015, does not mention abortion.[300][301] In 2015 the North Korean government issued a directive prohibiting medical professionals from performing abortions but did not indicate a penalty for doing so.[302] In 2016, the government stated that abortion was "legal" and "provided upon request by the woman concerned for reasons of risks to her life, physical and mental health and fetal malformation", but it is unclear whether these were the only permitted reasons.[303] It has also been reported that repatriated pregnant women are forced to have abortions to prevent children of mixed ethnicity.[304][305]
- May be permitted with no gestational limit in some cases.[306]
- The penal law prohibits abortion without any explicit exception, but it exempts from penal liability actions done by necessity to protect oneself or others from a severe and imminent danger, and in the practice of agreed medical activities or urgent medical intervention.[308] The law regulating medical practice prohibits abortion except for risk to the woman's life or of unbearable illness, and in case of fetal impairment up to 120 days of gestation.[309]
- This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law[314] but it is accepted as a general legal principle.[citation needed]
- The law prohibits abortion done "unlawfully" without defining it, and it explicitly permits abortion to preserve the woman's life.[322] An opinion of the State Solicitor in 1982, based on court decisions on identical laws in the former parent country, considered that preservation of the woman's health was also a legal ground for abortion.[323][324] However, in 2018, in the case of a woman who had aborted at four months of pregnancy due to risk to health, the Supreme Court acquitted her because she had been wrongly charged for the crime of killing an unborn child, which only applies shortly before birth (section 312), but ruled that she should have still been charged for the crime of abortion (section 225).[325]
- The law prohibits abortion without explicitly mentioning any exception,[328] but in 2014 the Supreme Court ruled that indirect abortion done to save the woman's life was permitted under the principle of double effect.[329][330]
- This ground was mentioned in the law but it was invalidated by a judicial decision in 2020.[332]
- This ground was mentioned in the law but it was invalidated by a judicial decision in 1997.[333]
- This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by judicial decision.[342][343][62]: 14
- Sierra Leone established that the laws in force in England in 1880 would be in force in Sierra Leone from 1965.[359] One of these laws prohibited abortion done "unlawfully" without defining it.[360] A judicial decision in England in 1938 clarified that this law always implicitly allowed abortion at least to save the woman's life, and the decision allowed it also to preserve her health.[361] It is unclear whether Sierra Leone applies only the original legal principle or also the judicial decision.[362][363] In 2015 the parliament of Sierra Leone passed a law allowing abortion on request but it was not signed by the president so it did not come into force.[364][365]
- Including Somaliland.[373][374]
- This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle.[clarification needed]
- The laws of South Korea prohibited abortion except for risk to the woman's health, rape, incest, or certain medical conditions, up to 24 weeks of gestation.[375] On 11 April 2019, the Constitutional Court ruled that the abortion restrictions were unconstitutional, giving the legislature until the end of 2020 to amend the laws to allow abortion on request with some gestational limit. In October 2020 the government proposed a limit of 14 weeks for abortion on request and 24 weeks for certain other cases, but the legislature did not approve this or any other proposal on the subject before the end of the year, so the abortion laws became automatically invalid on 1 January 2021.[376] As of 2023, the legislature had still not approved any of the proposals, leaving abortion decriminalized without a clear gestational limit.[377]
- This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is established by judicial decision.[376]
- This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law[383] but it is accepted as a general legal principle.[citation needed]
- In mainland Tanzania, articles 150 to 152 of the penal code prohibit abortion done "unlawfully", and article 230 of the same law permits abortion to preserve the woman's life. Article 219 additionally prohibits "child destruction", meaning abortion after fetal viability, presumed at 28 weeks of pregnancy, but still permits it to preserve the woman's life.[390] In Zanzibar, the penal act has equivalent articles 129 to 131, 213 and 200.[391]
- This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law. A judicial decision by the East African Court of Appeal, with jurisdiction over the predecessors of Tanzania, allowed abortion also to preserve the woman's health, and sources state that this decision remains binding after independence.[392]
- This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law[396] but it is accepted as a general legal principle.[397]
- This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law[400] but it is accepted as a general legal principle and established by judicial decision.[clarification needed][401][402]
- Permitted in case of a fatal anomaly up to 120 days of gestation.[411]
- Abortion for this ground is permitted only in Northern Ireland, up to 12 weeks of gestation.[415]
- Abortion for this ground is not permitted in some states.
- A law prohibiting abortion on this ground is set to come into force on 8 June 2024.[422]
- This U.S. state has explicitly amended its constitution to guarantee the right to an abortion to its residents.
- Permitted until viability if the fetus has a fatal anomaly.[425]
- Defined as 20 weeks from fertilization, considered as 22 weeks from the last menstrual period.[417]
- Prohibited after embryonic or fetal cardiac activity is detected, which is possible after approximately 6 weeks of gestation.
- Defined as 10 weeks from fertilization, considered as 12 weeks from the last menstrual period.[433]
- Permitted in case of a lethal anomaly up to 20 weeks from fertilization, considered as 22 weeks from the last menstrual period.[433]
- Abortion after viability is allowed if a physician judges it "necessary" under the "applicable standard of care".[441]
- Also allowed after this period if there is an absence of fetal viability.[456]
- Permitted up to 24 weeks of gestation in case of a life-limiting anomaly.[457]
- Defined as 8 weeks from implantation, approximately 11 weeks from the last menstrual period. If the patient is a minor or an incompetent or incapacitated adult, abortion in case of rape is permitted in the first 14 weeks from implantation, approximately 17 weeks from the last menstrual period.[474]
- Permitted with no gestational limit if the fetus has a lethal anomaly.[474]
- A judge may also remove the penalty for abortion on this ground in the first 3 months from conception.[483]
- The penal code says that abortion is permitted for "good medical reasons"[485] but is unclear whether it means only to save the woman's life or also to preserve her health. The UN source marks it as a permitted ground.
- The law of Vatican City is primarily based on the canon law of the Catholic Church and applies the Italian penal code in force in 1929 with local modifications.[486] Both sources of law prohibit abortion without explicitly mentioning any exception.[487][488] Article 49 of the penal code lists the principle of necessity to save one's life, which removes punishment for any action that would otherwise be a crime,[489][490] but the Church's official interpretation of canon 1398 is more restrictive, allowing in such cases only indirect abortion under the principle of double effect.[491][492]
- Abortion is not permitted for rape within marriage.[504]
- The 2014 Guidelines for Comprehensive Abortion Care says "In Zimbabwe termination of pregnancy may be permitted for HIV-positive women if they choose to do so."[505]
- This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law but it is accepted as a general legal principle.[62]
- The parliament has proposed a law allowing abortion also in case of risk to health, rape and fetal impairment,[514] but it has not yet been approved.[515]
- This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law, but it is established by a judicial decision in the parent country. A UN source states this it in unclear whether this judicial precedent also applies to the Cook Islands, but it lists this ground as permitted there.[516]
- Although illegal, the government does not prosecute abortions performed under rules similar to other countries, including on request.[518]
- Permitted up to 16 weeks of gestation if medical circumstances make the woman unfit to care for her child.[520]
- In Alderney and Sark, this ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law.[528] A judicial decision on an identical law in the parent country clarified that the law always implicitly allowed abortion at least to save the woman's life, and the decision allowed it also to preserve her health.[361] It is unclear whether Alderney and Sark apply only the original legal principle or also the judicial decision.
- Although not allowed by Alderney law, abortions are provided in Alderney under the same conditions as in Guernsey, as health services in Alderney operate under Guernsey law.[530] To resolve the legal contradiction, in 2022 the States of Alderney passed an abortion law identical to the one in Guernsey, and it awaits a regulation to establish the effective date.[531]
- A law enacted by New Zealand for Niue in 1966 prohibited abortion done "unlawfully", without defining it,[537] but a judicial decision applicable in New Zealand allowed abortion in case of risk to the woman's life or health, and a UN source states this judicial precedent probably applies to Niue as well.[538] In 2007, New Zealand repealed the sections of law that prohibited abortion in Niue,[539] but they remain in force in Niue[540] as legislation enacted by New Zealand after 1974 does not apply to Niue without its consent.[541]
- The territory's constitution prohibits abortion "except as provided by law", and the territory has no law about the subject.[542] A law from the predecessor of the territory prohibited abortion done "unlawfully" without defining it, and although predecessor laws remain in force in the territory unless modified, a judicial decision ruled this abortion law invalid for being too vague.[543] As a result, although abortion remains prohibited in principle by the constitution, abortion providers cannot be prosecuted for it as there is no law specifying a penalty. Still, in practice, authorized medical providers in the territory perform abortions only to save the woman's life and possibly in case of rape.[544] In 1995, an opinion issued by the territory's attorney general concluded that U.S. judicial decisions allowing abortion on request also applied to the territory, but these decisions were overturned in 2022.[542]
- Applies English law in force in 2010 unless locally modified.[545]
- The penal code prohibits abortion except in case of risk to the woman's life or health.[546] In 1980, a decision by the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico expanded the health criteria to also include mental health, including emotional, psychological, family and age aspects, with no gestational limit. However, the decision still maintained the prohibition on abortion if done without any therapeutic consideration.[547][548]
- Applies English law in force on 1 January 2006 unless locally modified, in each part of the territory.[549] Tristan da Cunha explicitly applies the abortion law of the United Kingdom with minor modifications.[550]
- Although illegal, the government does not prosecute abortions performed under rules similar to other countries, including on request.[62]
- This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law. The judicial handbook says that abortion is permitted for medical reasons but is unclear whether it means only to save the woman's life or also to preserve her health.[553]
- This ground is not explicitly mentioned in the law. A judicial decision on an identical law in the parent country clarified that the law always implicitly allowed abortion at least to save the woman's life, and the decision allowed it also to preserve her health.[361] It is unclear whether the territory applies only the original legal principle or also the judicial decision.
- All states have an exception for the mother's life.
• Exception for risk to mother's physical health: Alabama, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
• Exception for risk to mother's general health: California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Indiana, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New York, Rhode Island, Virginia, Washington.
• Exception for pregnancy due to rape or incest: Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Mississippi, North Dakota, South Carolina, West Virginia, Utah, and Wyoming.
• Exception for lethal fetal abnormality: Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, South Carolina, West Virginia, Wyoming, and Utah.
Note that these exceptions may have a time frame in which pregnant woman can use the exceptions to get an abortion; current time limits for these exceptions range from cardiac-cell activity (or 6 weeks) to the entire pregnancy before birth (no limit). - This generally happens in the 6th week LMP.
- For example Luxembourg abortion law states: "Avant la fin de la 12e semaine de grossesse ou avant la fin de la 14e semaine d'aménorrhée[...]" which translates to "Before the end of the 12th week of pregnancy or before the end of the 14th week of amenorrhea".[228]
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Some 215 million women in the developing world as a whole have an unmet need for modern contraceptives[...] If the 215 million women with unmet need used modern family planning methods....[that] would result in about 22 million fewer unplanned births; 25 million fewer abortions; and seven million fewer miscarriages....If women's contraceptive needs were addressed (and assuming no changes in abortion laws)...the number of unsafe abortions would decline by 73% from 20 million to 5.5 million.
A few of the findings in that report were subsequently changed, and are available at "Facts on Investing in Family Planning and Maternal and Newborn Health" (PDF). Guttmacher Institute. November 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2012. - Joffe, Carole (3 April 2009). "Abortion and Medicine: A Sociopolitical History". Management of Unintended and Abnormal Pregnancy: Comprehensive Abortion Care: 1–9. doi:10.1002/9781444313031.ch1. ISBN 9781444313031 – via Wiley Online Library.
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While abortions after 20 weeks are statistically very rare (<2.5% of all abortions), there are people in Canada who require abortion beyond 20 weeks for serious and important reasons. There are only three service locations in Canada that offer abortion up to 23 weeks and 6 days (one in British Columbia, one in Southern Ontario, and one in Quebec). No providers in Canada offer abortion care beyond 23 weeks and 6 days.
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