Abstract_differential_geometry
Abstract differential geometry
Differential geometry without calculus
The adjective abstract has often been applied to differential geometry before, but the abstract differential geometry (ADG) of this article is a form of differential geometry without the calculus notion of smoothness, developed by Anastasios Mallios and Ioannis Raptis from 1998 onwards.[1]
Instead of calculus, an axiomatic treatment of differential geometry is built via sheaf theory and sheaf cohomology using vector sheaves in place of bundles based on arbitrary topological spaces.[2] Mallios says noncommutative geometry can be considered a special case of ADG, and that ADG is similar to synthetic differential geometry.