Anniston-Oxford-Jacksonville,_AL_Metropolitan_Statistical_Area
Calhoun County, Alabama
County in Alabama, United States
Calhoun County is a county in the east central part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 116,441.[1] Its county seat is Anniston.[2] It is named in honor of John C. Calhoun, a US Senator from South Carolina.
Calhoun County | |
|---|---|
Calhoun County courthouse in Anniston | |
Location within the U.S. state of Alabama | |
Alabama's location within the U.S. | |
| Coordinates: 33°46′10″N 85°49′15″W | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Alabama |
| Founded | December 18, 1832 as Benton County |
| Named for | John C. Calhoun |
| Seat | Anniston |
| Largest city | Oxford |
| Area | |
| • Total | 612 sq mi (1,590 km2) |
| • Land | 606 sq mi (1,570 km2) |
| • Water | 6.4 sq mi (17 km2) 1.0% |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | 116,441 |
| • Estimate (2023) | 116,429  |
| • Density | 190/sq mi (73/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (Central) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| Congressional district | 3rd |
| Website | www |
| |
Calhoun County is included in the Anniston-Oxford Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Benton County was established on December 18, 1832, named for Thomas Hart Benton, a member of the United States Senate from Missouri. Its county seat was Jacksonville. Benton, a slave owner, was a political ally of John C. Calhoun, U.S. senator from South Carolina and also a slaveholder and planter. Through the 1820s-1840s, however, Benton's and Calhoun's political interests diverged. Calhoun was increasingly interested in using the threat of secession as a weapon to maintain and expand slavery throughout the United States. Benton, on the other hand, was slowly coming to the conclusion that slavery was wrong and that preservation of the union was paramount. On January 29, 1858,[3] Alabama supporters of slavery, objecting to Benton's change of heart, renamed Benton County as Calhoun County.
During the Reconstruction era and widespread violence by whites to suppress black and white Republican voting in the state during the campaign for the 1870 gubernatorial election, four blacks and one white were lynched.[4]
After years of controversy and a State Supreme Court ruling in June 1900, the county seat was moved to Anniston.
The county was hit by an F4 tornado during the 1994 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak on March 27, 1994. Twelve minutes after the National Weather Service of Birmingham issued a tornado warning for northern Calhoun, southeastern Etowah, and southern Cherokee counties, the tornado destroyed Piedmont's Goshen United Methodist Church.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 612 square miles (1,590 km2), of which 606 square miles (1,570 km2) is land and 6.4 square miles (17 km2) (1.0%) is water.[5]
Adjacent counties
- Cherokee County - northeast
- Cleburne County - east
- Talladega County - south
- St. Clair County - west
- Etowah County - northwest
National protected areas
Major highways
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Rail
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1840 | 14,260 | — | |
| 1850 | 17,163 | 20.4% | |
| 1860 | 21,539 | 25.5% | |
| 1870 | 13,980 | −35.1% | |
| 1880 | 19,591 | 40.1% | |
| 1890 | 33,835 | 72.7% | |
| 1900 | 34,874 | 3.1% | |
| 1910 | 39,115 | 12.2% | |
| 1920 | 47,822 | 22.3% | |
| 1930 | 55,611 | 16.3% | |
| 1940 | 63,319 | 13.9% | |
| 1950 | 79,539 | 25.6% | |
| 1960 | 95,878 | 20.5% | |
| 1970 | 103,092 | 7.5% | |
| 1980 | 119,761 | 16.2% | |
| 1990 | 116,034 | −3.1% | |
| 2000 | 112,249 | −3.3% | |
| 2010 | 118,572 | 5.6% | |
| 2020 | 116,441 | −1.8% | |
| 2023 (est.) | 116,429 | [6] | 0.0% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[7] 1790–1960[8] 1900–1990[9] 1990–2000[10] 2010–2020[1] | |||
2020 Census
| Race / Ethnicity | Pop 2000[11] | Pop 2010[12] | Pop 2020[13] | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 87,598 | 87,285 | 79,519 | 78.04% | 73.61% | 68.29% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 20,725 | 24,177 | 23,365 | 18.46% | 20.39% | 21.78% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 427 | 480 | 386 | 0.38% | 0.40% | 0.33% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 625 | 830 | 1,164 | 0.56% | 0.70% | 1.00% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 74 | 94 | 112 | 0.07% | 0.08% | 0.10% |
| Some Other Race alone (NH) | 85 | 109 | 317 | 0.08% | 0.09% | 0.27% |
| Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) | 862 | 1,704 | 4,568 | 0.86% | 1.44% | 3.92% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 1,753 | 3,893 | 5,010 | 1.56% | 3.28% | 4.30% |
| Total | 112,249 | 118,572 | 116,441 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 116,441 people, 44,636 households, and 28,975 families residing in the county.
2010 census
As of the census[14] of 2010, there were 118,572 people, 47,331 households, and 31,609 families residing in the county. The population density was 194 people per square mile (75 people/km2). There were 53,289 housing units at an average density of 87 units per square mile (34 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 74.9% White, 20.6% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.6% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. 3.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 47,331 households, out of which 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.8% were married couples living together, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.2% were non-families. 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.97.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 22.9% under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 24.8% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.2 years. For every 100 females there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.8 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $38,407, and the median income for a family was $49,532. Males had a median income of $41,599 versus $29,756 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,574. About 15.2% of families and 19.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.8% of those under age 18 and 10.9% of those age 65 or over.
Calhoun County contains five public school districts. There are approximately 17,000 students in public K-12 schools in Calhoun County.[15] Public school districts are not conterminous with the county boundary.
The county contains two public higher education institutions. Gadsden State Community College operates a campus located in Anniston, and Jacksonville State University, founded in 1883 and with an enrollment of over 9,000 students, is located in Jacksonville.
Districts
School districts include:[16]
The last Democrat to win a majority in the county was Jimmy Carter in 1976. In 2016 and 2020, Republican Donald Trump won more than two-thirds of the county's vote.
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2020 | 35,101 | 68.85% | 15,216 | 29.85% | 666 | 1.31% |
| 2016 | 32,865 | 68.66% | 13,242 | 27.67% | 1,757 | 3.67% |
| 2012 | 30,278 | 65.30% | 15,511 | 33.45% | 575 | 1.24% |
| 2008 | 32,348 | 65.69% | 16,334 | 33.17% | 560 | 1.14% |
| 2004 | 29,814 | 65.89% | 15,083 | 33.33% | 352 | 0.78% |
| 2000 | 22,306 | 57.33% | 15,781 | 40.56% | 822 | 2.11% |
| 1996 | 18,088 | 49.00% | 15,725 | 42.60% | 3,098 | 8.39% |
| 1992 | 20,623 | 48.18% | 16,453 | 38.44% | 5,724 | 13.37% |
| 1988 | 19,806 | 58.31% | 12,451 | 36.66% | 1,711 | 5.04% |
| 1984 | 23,291 | 61.16% | 12,752 | 33.49% | 2,039 | 5.35% |
| 1980 | 17,475 | 49.17% | 17,017 | 47.88% | 1,049 | 2.95% |
| 1976 | 11,763 | 35.97% | 20,466 | 62.59% | 471 | 1.44% |
| 1972 | 20,364 | 76.93% | 5,832 | 22.03% | 275 | 1.04% |
| 1968 | 3,061 | 11.43% | 4,146 | 15.48% | 19,568 | 73.08% |
| 1964 | 10,635 | 63.13% | 0 | 0.00% | 6,210 | 36.87% |
| 1960 | 4,821 | 33.17% | 9,590 | 65.97% | 125 | 0.86% |
| 1956 | 4,473 | 32.18% | 9,069 | 65.24% | 358 | 2.58% |
| 1952 | 3,064 | 27.37% | 8,023 | 71.68% | 106 | 0.95% |
| 1948 | 856 | 20.47% | 0 | 0.00% | 3,325 | 79.53% |
| 1944 | 694 | 13.80% | 4,308 | 85.65% | 28 | 0.56% |
| 1940 | 645 | 12.72% | 4,408 | 86.93% | 18 | 0.35% |
| 1936 | 581 | 11.71% | 4,322 | 87.12% | 58 | 1.17% |
| 1932 | 684 | 13.39% | 4,392 | 86.00% | 31 | 0.61% |
| 1928 | 2,537 | 54.50% | 2,117 | 45.48% | 1 | 0.02% |
| 1924 | 766 | 27.17% | 1,907 | 67.65% | 146 | 5.18% |
| 1920 | 1,139 | 24.76% | 3,423 | 74.40% | 39 | 0.85% |
| 1916 | 442 | 16.21% | 2,231 | 81.81% | 54 | 1.98% |
| 1912 | 238 | 10.07% | 1,666 | 70.47% | 460 | 19.46% |
| 1908 | 570 | 26.87% | 1,438 | 67.80% | 113 | 5.33% |
| 1904 | 287 | 14.85% | 1,556 | 80.50% | 90 | 4.66% |
| 1900 | 567 | 21.13% | 1,835 | 68.37% | 282 | 10.51% |
| 1896 | 1,222 | 28.45% | 2,788 | 64.90% | 286 | 6.66% |
| 1892 | 218 | 4.29% | 3,249 | 63.91% | 1,617 | 31.81% |
| 1888 | 938 | 25.85% | 2,680 | 73.87% | 10 | 0.28% |
Calhoun is part of Alabama's 3rd congressional district, which is held by Republican Mike D. Rogers.
Cities
- Anniston (County Seat)
- Glencoe (partly in Etowah County)
- Jacksonville
- Oxford (partly in Talladega County and Cleburne County)
- Piedmont (partly in Cherokee County)
- Southside (partly in Etowah County)
- Weaver
Towns
Census-designated places
Unincorporated communities
Ghost towns
Calhoun County is home to Jacksonville State University, the Anniston Museum of Natural History, the Berman Museum of World History and the Coldwater Covered Bridge. It also contains a portion of the Talladega National Forest.
- "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 14, 2023.
- "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- Acts of the Sixth Biennial Session of the General Assembly of Alabama held in the City of Montgomery, Commencing on the Second Monday in November, 1857. Montgomery, Alabama: N. B. Cloud, State Printer. p. 318. Retrieved November 23, 2021.
No. 306. - AN ACT - To change the name of Benton county to Calhoun.
- Shapiro, Herbert (1988). White Violence and Black Response: From Reconstruction to Montgomery. U of Massachusetts P. p. 12. ISBN 9780870235788.
- "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
- "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 27, 2024.
- "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
- "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
- Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 24, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
- "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
- "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 9, 2015.
- "2020 Census - School District Reference Map: Calhoun County, AL" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 27, 2022. Text list.
- "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". Retrieved November 15, 2016.
- Burnham, Walter Dean. "Presidential ballots, 1836-1892". archive.org. Retrieved January 16, 2021.