Arachnis_(plant)

<i>Arachnis</i> (plant)

Arachnis (plant)

Genus of orchids

The genus Arachnis, abbreviated as Arach in horticultural trade, (common name scorpion orchid,[2][3]) is a member of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), consisting of more than 20 species native to China, India, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands.[4][5]

Quick Facts Arachnis, Scientific classification ...

Description

Vegetative characteristics

The appearance of the monopodial, epiphytic herbs of the genus Arachnis is characterized by distichously arranged, linear leaves.[6] The vining plants may grow into a dense thicket.[7] Arachnis does not produce pseudobulbs.[8]

Generative characteristics

The flowers are thought to resemble spiders,[8] and they are fragrant.[6][8] The fragrance has been described as musky.[8]

  • Arachnis labrosa growing epiphytically on a tree
  • Detail of Arachnis labrosa flower
  • Botanical illustration of Arachnis clarkei
  • Detail of Arachnis cathcartii flower
  • Detail of Arachnis flos-aeris flower
  • Botanical illustration of Arachnis annamensis

Etymology

The generic epithet Arachnis is derived from the Greek word arachne for spider.[9]

Ecology

Habitat

Arachnis senapatiana has been found growing in subtropical broad-leaved forests at elevations of 1747 m above sea level.[6]

Flowering

Arachnis senapatiana is known to flower in June.[6]

Taxonomy

Accepted species

There are currently 16 accepted species, including one natural hybrid:[1]

  • Arachnis annamensis (Rolfe) J.J.Sm.
  • Arachnis bella (Rchb.f.) J.J.Sm.
  • Arachnis bouffordii Ormerod
  • Arachnis calcarata Holttum
  • Arachnis cathcartii (Lindl.) J.J.Sm.
  • Arachnis clarkei (Rchb.f.) J.J.Sm.
  • Arachnis flos-aeris (L.) Rchb.f.
  • Arachnis grandisepala J.J.Wood
  • Arachnis hookeriana (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f.
  • Arachnis labrosa (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb.f.
  • Arachnis limax Seidenf.
  • Arachnis longisepala (J.J.Wood) Shim & A.Lamb
  • Arachnis × maingayi (Hook.f.) Schltr.
  • Arachnis senapatiana (Phukan & A.A.Mao) Kocyan & Schuit.
  • Arachnis seramensis (Ormerod) R.Rice
  • Arachnis siamensis (Schltr.) Tang & F.T.Wang
  • Arachnis sulingi'' (Blume) Rchb.f.

Species formerly placed in Arachnis

  • Arachnis beccarii Rchb.f. is now considered to be Dimorphorchis beccarii (Rchb.f.) Kocyan & Schuit.[10]
  • Arachnis breviscapa (J.J.Sm.) J.J.Sm. is now considered to be Dimorphorchis breviscapa (J.J.Sm.) Kocyan & Schuit.[11]
  • Arachnis celebica (Schltr.) J.J.Sm. is now considered to be Dimorphorchis celebica (Schltr.) Ormerod[12]
  • Arachnis imthurnii (Rolfe) L.O.Williams is now considered to be Dimorphorchis beccarii var. imthurnii (Rolfe) Kocyan & Schuit.[13]
  • Arachnis longicaulis (Schltr.) L.O.Williams is now considered to be Dimorphorchis breviscapa (J.J.Sm.) Kocyan & Schuit.[11]
  • Arachnis lowii (Lindl.) Rchb.f. is now considered to be Dimorphorchis lowii (Lindl.) Rolfe[14]
  • Arachnis lyonii Ames is now considered to be Dimorphorchis lyonii (Ames) Ormerod[15]
  • Arachnis muelleri (Kraenzl.) J.J.Sm. is now considered to be Dimorphorchis beccarii var. beccarii[16]
  • Arachnis philippinensis (Lindl.) Ames is now considered to be Trichoglottis philippinensis Lindl.[17]
  • Arachnis rohaniana (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. is now considered to be Dimorphorchis rohaniana (Rchb.f.) P.J.Cribb[18]
  • Arachnis beccarii var. imthurnii (Rolfe) K.W.Tan is now considered to be Dimorphorchis beccarii var. imthurnii (Rolfe) Kocyan & Schuit.[19]
  • Arachnis longicaulis f. flavescens Valmayor & D.Tiu is now considered to be Dimorphorchis breviscapa (J.J.Sm.) Kocyan & Schuit.[11]

Conservation

Arachnis has become extinct in Nansei-shoto.[1]

Horticulture

It can be cultivated under warm and moist conditions growing in pots, baskets, or mounted on slabs.[7]

References

  1. [1]
    "Arachnis Blume". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  2. [2]
    Beard, James Daniel (2015). "A Translator's Vietnamese English Dictionary of Plant Names" (PDF). monash.edu.au. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  3. [3]
    Yearron, Sydney H. "Scientific or Latin Names to English Common Name" (PDF). The Canadian Orchid Congress. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
  4. [4]
    Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  5. [5]
    Flora of China, v25 p 465, 蜘蛛兰属 zhi zhu lan shu , Arachnis
  6. [6]
    Jakha, H. Y., Deb, C. R., Dey, S., & Jamir, N. S. (2014). "Arachnis senapatiana (Phukan & AA Mao) Kocyan & Schuiteman (Orchidaceae): an addition to the flora of Nagaland, India." Pleione, 8(2), 516-518.
  7. [7]
    Rach, N. (n.d.). Arachnis  Blume 1825. American Orchid Society. Retrieved January 6, 2023, from https://www.aos.org/orchids/orchids-a-to-z/letter-a/arachnis.aspx
  8. [8]
    Tan, K. W. (1974). "Taxonomy of Arachnis, Armodorum, Esmeralda and Dimorphorchis (Orchidaceae)." University of Miami.
  9. [9]
    Teoh, E.S. (2021). Arachnis Bl.. In: Orchid Species from Himalaya and Southeast Asia Vol. 1 (A - E). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58872-4_15
  10. [10]
    "Dimorphorchis beccarii (Rchb.f.) Kocyan & Schuit". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  11. [11]
    "Dimorphorchis breviscapa (J.J.Sm.) Kocyan & Schuit". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  12. [12]
    "Dimorphorchis celebica (Schltr.) Ormerod". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  13. [13]
    "Dimorphorchis beccarii var. imthurnii (Rolfe) Kocyan & Schuit". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  14. [14]
    "Dimorphorchis lowii (Lindl.) Rolfe". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  15. [15]
    "Dimorphorchis lyonii (Ames) Ormerod". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  16. [16]
    "Dimorphorchis beccarii var. beccarii". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  17. [17]
    "Trichoglottis philippinensis Lindl". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  18. [18]
    "Dimorphorchis rohaniana (Rchb.f.) P.J.Cribb". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  19. [19]
    "Dimorphorchis beccarii var. imthurnii (Rolfe) Kocyan & Schuit". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Arachnis_(plant), and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.