Spelling

The three following rules are also added:

• g becomes gu (before e, i) or g (before other letters)
• k becomes qu (before e, i) or c (before other letters)
• ŭ becomes ù (but see below regarding -aŭ adverbs)

Pronouns

Pronouns are changed as:

*herself/himself/itself/themselves

• There is an old pronoun egui which is a personal, sex-neutral pronoun (utrum). Its intended use is for referring to deities, angels, animals etc.

Verbs

• The infinitive ends in -ir, rather than in the -i of modern Esperanto. Ex.: fari becomes pharir.
• The verb endings change according to the subject. So it is not necessary to write the subject pronoun, where there is no ambiguity.

Ex: The modern Esperanto verb esti (to be), present tense:

• mi/ci/li/ŝi/ĝi/si/ni/vi/ili estas

The Arcaicam Esperantom verb estir (to be), present tense:

• (mihi) estams
• (tu) estas
• (lùi/eshi/eghi/egui) estat
• (nos) estaims
• (wos) estais
• (ilùi) estait

The other verb tenses behave the same way, as does the conditional mood:

• The future-tense conjugation estos becomes estoms, etc.
• The past-tense conjugation estis becomes estims, etc.
• The conditional-mood conjugation estus becomes estums, etc.

The imperative mood behaves differently from that pattern:

• The imperative form estu stays estu for singular subjects, but becomes estuy for plural subjects.

Nominals

• -o becomes om (sg. noun, nominative)
• -oj becomes oy (pl. noun, nominative)
• -on stays -on (sg. noun, accusative). Where Esperanto has a direction accusative, the dative is used.^[5] E.g.: Esperanto: Tiu virino la drinkemulon venordonis antaŭ la tribunalon, lit. 'That woman ordered the drunkard to come before the tribunal' becomes Ityu Wirinnom Drinquemulon wenordiguit [sic] antez Tribunalod.^[6]
• -ojn becomes -oyn (pl. noun, accusative)
• al x-o becomes x-od (sg. noun, dative – ex.: al domo becomes domod)
• al x-oj becomes x-oyd (pl. noun, dative – ex.: al domoj becomes domoyd)
• de x-o becomes x-es (sg. noun, genitive – ex.: de domo becomes domes)
• de x-oj becomes x-eys (pl. noun, genitive – ex.: de domoj becomes domeys)
• -e becomes -œ (adverb) (This is a new phoneme, not present in modern Esperanto. It is pronounced like the German ö.)
• -aŭ becomes -ez (-aŭ-adverb such as baldaŭ, etc.)
• -a becomes -am (sg. adjective, nominative)
• -aj becomes -ay (pl. adjective, nominative)
• A noun is always written with a capital letter. Ex: Glawom = (la) glavo.
• The verb infinitive can function as a noun, having the meaning that is carried in modern Esperanto by the root with the suffix -ado. The infinitive functioning as a noun takes, as does any other noun, both a capital letter and a case ending. Ex: Leguirom = (la) legado.
• The declension of personal pronouns below, however, differs significantly from declensions of nouns or adjectives. These personal pronouns have their own adjectival forms.^[7]

Correlatives

• ki- becomes cuy-
• ti- becomes ity-
• i- becomes hey-
• neni- becomes nemy-
• ĉi- becomes chey-
• ali- becomes altri-

(Note: Ali-, which in modern Esperanto is not a correlative despite its use in that fashion by some, becomes in Arcaicam Esperantom as altri- a full-fledged correlative.)

• -o becomes -om
• -a becomes -am
• -am becomes -ahem
• -e becomes -œ
• -om becomes -ohem
• (-u stays -u)
• (-el stays -el)
• the particle ĉi becomes is- (ĉi tiu = isityu)

Articles

• The definite article la does not exist in Arcaicam Esperantom. If necessary, a specific person or object can be indicated by means of ityu (in modern Esperanto tiu).
• The indefinite article, which modern Esperanto does not have, does exist in Arcaicam Esperantom. The indefinite article is unn (which is the same word for the number 1).

The Lord's Prayer

Romeo and Juliet

Phrases

• Salutoyn cheyuyd! Cuyel phartais wos? –'Hello everyone, how are you?'
• Lùi ex Byelostocom wenat. – 'He comes from Białystok.'
• Cuyel nomizzas? – 'What is your name?'
• Nomizzams Petrus. – 'My name is Peter.'
• Ityon comprenams bonœ. – 'I understand that well.'
• Unn Manom altrian Manon lawat. – 'One hand washes the other (hand).'
• Tempom phughat. – 'Tempus fugit' (Vergil)
• Ityel pasat mondes Glorom. – 'Sic transit gloria mundi' (Thomas à Kempis)
• Wenims, widims, wenquims. – 'Veni, vidi, vici' (Julius Caesar)
• Homom Homoyd Lupom estat. – 'Homo homini lupus' (Plautus)