Atom_localization
Atom localization deals with estimating the position of an atom using techniques of quantum optics with increasing precision. This field finds its origins in the thought experiment by Werner Heisenberg called Heisenberg's microscope,[1] which is commonly used as an illustration of Heisenberg's Uncertainty relation in quantum mechanics textbooks.[2] The techniques have matured enough to offer atom localization along all three spatial dimensions in the subwavelength domain. Atom localization techniques have been applied to other fields requiring precise control or measurement of the position of atom-like entities such as microscopy, nanolithography, optical trapping of atoms, optical lattices, and atom optics. Atom localization is based on employing atomic coherence to determine the position of the atom to a precision smaller than the wavelength of the light being used. This seemingly surpasses the Rayleigh limit of resolution and opens up possibilities of super-resolution for a variety of fields.[3]